A Magnificent Catastrophe

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A Magnificent Catastrophe Page 39

by Edward J. Larson


  on split within Federalist Party

  on Virginia’s general ticket law,

  Sedition Act (1798)

  attempted extension of

  Jefferson’s repudiation of

  passage of

  prosecutions under

  Ross’s support for

  state legislatures’ resolutions against

  XYZ Affair and

  Senate, U.S.

  Alien and Sedition Acts passed by

  appointment by state legislatures of members of

  constitutional provisions for president pro tempore of

  and counting of electoral votes

  Federalist loss of seats in

  life tenure proposal for

  monarchism and

  peace convention with France ratified by

  Republican caucus in

  Ross Bill in

  Vice President as presiding officer of

  Shaw, William

  Shays, Daniel

  Shays’s Rebellion

  Slavery

  Smith, Daniel

  Smith, John Cotton

  Smith, Samuel

  Society of the Cincinnati

  South Carolina

  congressional delegation of

  in election of 1796

  favorite-son votes for Pinckney in,

  legislative appointment of electors in

  Pinckney family’s political power in

  slavery in

  state legislative elections in

  Spain

  colonies of

  Stamp Act (1765)

  Standing army, opposition to, see also Additional Army

  State Department, U.S.

  States’ rights

  Stockton, Richard

  Supreme Court, U.S.

  Tammany Society

  Tariffs

  British

  Taxes

  imposed by Britain on colonies

  in pre-revolutionary France

  Taxes

  revolts against

  see also Federalist Party, tax policies of; Townsend Duties (1768)

  Taylor, John

  Tennessee

  Townsend Duties (1768)

  Tracy, Uriah

  Trenton Federalist,

  Triumph of Infidelity, The (Dwight),

  Troup, Robert

  Trumbull, John

  Trumbull, Jonathan

  Unitarianism

  Venetian Council

  Vermont

  and Jefferson-Burr deadlock

  legislative election in

  Sedition Act convictions in

  Vidal, Gore

  Vindication of the General Ticket Law, A (pamphlet)

  Virginia

  Adams in

  antigovernment “resistance” in

  colonial

  congressional delegation of

  direct popular voting for electors in

  during Revolutionary War

  in election of 1792

  in election of 1796

  Federalists in

  Hamilton’s proposed military action against Republicans in

  intellectual elite of

  militia of

  Monroe as governor of

  ratification of U.S. Constitution by

  religion in

  representation in Continental Congress from

  resolution against Alien and Sedition Acts in

  sedition trial in

  slave insurrection plot in

  state legislative elections in

  successive two-term presidents from

  Washington, D.C., and

  Washington’s holdings in

  Virginia Federalist

  Voltaire

  War Department, U.S.

  Warfield, Charles Alexander

  Washington, Bushrod

  Washington, D.C.

  Abigail Adams’s description of

  Jefferson’s arrival in

  John Adams’s description of

  move of national government to,

  social life in

  voting by residents of

  Washington, George

  as Additional Army commander,

  death of

  citizen-soldier ideal personified by

  Farewell Address of

  inaugural of

  memorial obelisk for

  presidency of

  in presidential elections

  religious views of

  retirement of

  in Revolutionary War

  third term advocated for

  vision of leadership of

  Washington, Martha

  Washington Federalist

  Webster, Noah

  Whiskey Rebellion

  White House, see Executive Mansion Wolcott, Oliver

  and Adams’s sacking of McHenry and Pickering

  on conditions in Washington, D.C.

  on direct voting for president

  execution of Fries advocated by

  and Hamilton’s letter denouncing Adams

  hawkish response to XYZ Affair of

  in High Federalist plot against Adams

  Jefferson denounced by

  Wordsworth, William

  Wythe, George

  XYZ Affair

  Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and,

  expansion of army in response to, see Additional Army

  Marshall and

  Sedition Act and

  Yale College

  Zoology, Jefferson’s study of

  ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

  Letters identify illustrations in the insert. The illustrations appear courtesy of the following sources:

  A. Continental Congress Group: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–14414)

  B. John Jay: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–50375)

  C. Benjamin Franklin: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–45167)

  D. John Adams: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–3992)

  E. Abigail Adams: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–10016)

  F. Death of Washington: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–3917)

  G. James Madison: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–3462)

  H. James Monroe: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–104958)

  I. Anti-Federalist Cartoon: The Library Company of Philadelphia (1w/5760.F.6)

  J. Thomas McKean: American Philosophical Society (M42.30.6)

  K. Pennsylvania Election Broadside: Courtesy of The University of Georgia Libraries (Aurora General Advertiser)

  L. George Clinton: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–110647)

  M. Alexander Hamilton: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–48272)

  N. Aaron Burr, 1792: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–102555)

  O. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Emmet Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations (EM 15385)

  P. Thomas Pinckney: American Philosophical Society (M42.31.34)

  Q. Napoleon Bonaparte: American Philosophical Society (M42.16.18)

  R. Timothy Pickering: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–47649)

  S. Washington in 1801: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–4702)

  T. Advertisement for Hamilton’s Letter: Courtesy of The University of Georgia Libraries (Aurora General Advertiser)

  U. Federalist Election Projection: © American Antiquarian Society (Gazette of the United States)

  V. Republican Election Projection: From the collections of the Charleston Library Society (City Gazette and Daily Advertiser)

  W. Jefferson Election Article: © American Antiquarian Society (The National Intelligencer)

  X. United States Capitol in 1801: Library of Congress (LC-USZC4–247)

  Y. Thomas Jefferson: Library of Congress (LC-USZ62–75384)

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  EDWARD J. LARSON is the author of seven books and the recipient of the 1998 Pulitzer Prize in History for his book Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Scienc
e and Religion. His other books include Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory; Evolution’s Workshop: God and Science on the Galapagos Islands; and Trial and Error: The American Controversy Over Creation and Evolution. He has also written over one hundred articles, most of which address topics of law, science, or politics from an historical perspective, which have appeared in such varied journals as The Atlantic Monthly, Nature, Scientific American, The Nation, The Wilson Quarterly, and Virginia Law Review. Larson is a professor of history and law at Pepperdine University and lives in Georgia and California.

  Photographic Insert

  Idealized nineteenth-century group portrait of John Adams, Gouverneur Morris, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson as leaders of the Revolutionary Era Continental Congress. Although all four patriot leaders served in the Continental Congress, they did not do so at the same time.

  New York Governor John Jay, a Revolutionary Era leader and Federalist supporter of John Adams.

  Benjamin Franklin in frontier fur hat such as he wore while serving as American minister to France.

  John Adams as President, circa 1798.

  Abigail Adams as First Lady, circa 1800.

  Idealized nineteenth-century painting of George Washington on his deathbed attended by his doctors, friends, and grieving wife.

  Republican Party founder and leader James Madison.

  Virginia Governor and Jefferson ally James Monroe.

  1793 cartoon showing Thomas Jefferson leading a riotous Anti-Federalist meeting under the creed, “The People are All and we are the People.” The devil appears in the lower left corner stating, “What a pleasure it is to see ones work thrive so well.” (Courtesy of The Library Company of Philadelphia)

  Pennsylvania Governor and Republican leader Thomas McKean.

  Republican broadside for Pennsylvania’s gubernatorial election, October 1799.

  Longtime New York Republican leader George Clinton.

  Federalist Party founder and leader Alexander Hamilton, circa 1800.

  Aaron Burr as a young senator, circa 1792.

  General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, circa 1800, when he was chosen by the Federalist congressional caucus to run with John Adams as their party’s candidates for President and Vice President.

  American diplomat and 1796 Federalist vice presidential candidate Thomas Pinckney in his Revolutionary War uniform.

  Napoleon Bonaparte shown after assuming power as First Consul of France in 1800.

  Secretary of State and High Federalist leader Timothy Pickering.

  Pastoral view of Washington as the nation’s new capital in 1801.

  Republican newspaper advertisement for Alexander Hamilton’s 1800 letter criticizing John Adams, offered with Hamilton’s 1797 confession of adultery.

  Projection of the electoral vote from Philadelphia’s Federalist Gazette of the United States on November 1, 1800. Similar projections appeared in Federalist newspapers throughout the campaign, often depicting a three-way contest between Adams, Pinckney, and Jefferson, with one of the two Federalist candidates winning the presidency. (© American Antiquarian Society)

  Projection of the electoral vote from Charleston’s Republican City Gazette on October 30, 1800. Similar projections ran in Republican newspapers throughout the campaign, typically depicting the race for President as between Jefferson and Adams, with Jefferson winning by large margin.

  News bulletin from the December 12, 1800, edition of Washington’s Republican National Intelligencer reporting the electoral vote from South Carolina. (© American Antiquarian Society)

  United States Capitol in 1801, when the House of Representatives met there to elect the President.

  Thomas Jefferson, shown with a bust of Franklin, scientific instruments, and the Declaration of Independence, circa 1801.

 

 

 


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