by Tony Horwitz
Earth News, 184
Eastward Hoe (play), 314
Ecuador, 83
Eiriksson, Leif, “the Lucky,” 12–13, 16, 19, 24, 26, 28, 31–32
Eiriksson, Thorstein, 20
Eiriksson, Thorvald, 19–20, 26
Eirik the Red, 11, 45, 368
Eirik the Red’s Saga, 12, 14–15
El Dorado, 193, 319
El Faro. See Faro a Colón, El
Eliot, T. S., 229
Elizabethan Gardens, North Carolina, 306
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 268, 293–94, 296–97, 298–99, 304, 307–8, 319, 320
Elizabeth Island chain, 372
Elkhart, Kansas, 183, 187–88
El Turco, 165, 179, 182, 190–93, 215
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 79, 283
encomienda system, 86
English
De Soto precedes, 262
early colonization attempts of, 5–6, 46, 224, 295–97
Florida and, 215, 287
Huguenots and, 268
Indians and, 36, 46, 215, 303, 319–20, 355–56
Jamestown and, 326–69
Newfoundland and, 33
Plymouth and, 370–90
Roanoke and, 298–325
Spain vs., 293–95
Estevanico (slave), 127–28, 130–33, 160
park named after, 133
Etowah, 232–36, 231
Indian Mounds Historic Site, 235
eugenics movement, 361–64
Faeroe Islands, 11
famine, 44–45, 85
Faro a Colón, El, (Columbus Lighthouse, Santo Domingo), 80–85, 88–92
Farrell, Colin, 336
Faunce, Elder, 378
Ferdinand, King of Spain, 49, 52, 53, 82, 118
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 47
Filbia, 107
Filth-Eyjolf, 11
fireflies, 6
fish, 20, 23–24, 28, 30, 33, 59, 338, 360, 381
Fitzgerald, Betty, 350
Flagler, Henry, 283
Flannery, Tim, 188
Flint, Richard, 176–79, 185
Flint, Shirley, 176–79, 185
Florida, La (area of Spanish exploration), 120–30, 122–23
de Soto in, 200–262
Narváez in, Florida, 121–22, 125
Ponce de Léon in, 120–21
Florida Historical Society, 283
Florida (state)
first Thanksgiving in, 5, 289–92
French in, 5, 263, 265–81, 269, 274
Spanish in, 5, 120–21, 198, 200–201, 206–8, 366
flowers, 59
Floydada, Texas, 183, 184–86
Floyd County Historical Museum, 185
Forefathers’ Day, 383–88, 390
Forest Land (Labrador), 12, 16
Founding Fathers, 390
Fountain of Youth, 120, 283–86, 388–89
Fracastoro, Girolamo, 88
Franciscan monks, 283
Franco, Francisco, 176
Free Union, North Carolina, 305, 315–19
French, 5–6, 33, 35–36, 262, 263, 265–81, 269, 287, 289, 291, 327
Freya (Norse goddess), 22
Freydis (daughter of Eirik the Red), 12, 26–27
Friar’s Point, Mississippi, 248, 252
Frisco Native American Museum, 321–23
fur trade, 20–21, 33
Gallup, New Mexico, 141, 158
Galveston Island, Texas, 124
game, 20, 33, 338, 359–60
Gannon, Michael, 289–92
Garden Club of North Carolina, 306
Georgia, 215–18, 216, 230, 232–36
German settlers, 30, 364
Ghost Riders (Grant), 128–29
Gila monster, 142
Gilbert, Sir Humfrey, 296–98, 320
Ginsberg, Allen, 196
Goff, Kent, 241–44
gold, 61–62, 64–65, 68–70, 104–5, 112–13, 118–19, 132, 149–50, 173, 189–90, 192–93, 199, 215, 222, 227, 230, 255, 269, 286, 388
Golden Hind (ship), 327
Gomes, Rev. Peter, 384–87
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 371–73, 373, 388
Gould, Stephen Jay, 389–90
Granada, fall of, 53
Granada pueblo, 158
Grand Canary, 121
Grand Canyon, 5, 152, 158–59
Grand Khan, 54, 63, 112
Grant, Richard, 128
grapes, 13, 20–21, 31–32, 191
Gravesend, England, death of Pocahantas at, 348, 352
Great Cruelties Have Been Reported (Flint), 178
Great Serpent Mound, 232
Great Smoky Mountains, 227, 231, 232
Greeks, ancient, 50
Green, Val, 225–27
Greenland, 11–12, 22, 26, 44–46, 368
Greenlee County, Arizona, 146
Grenville, Sir Richard, 300, 302–3
Griffith, Andy, 306
Guanahani (San Salvador), 60
Guatemala, 83, 118
Gudadalupe, 69
Guinea, 54
Gulf Coast, 117–33
Gulf of Arrows, 66
Gulf of California, 127
Gulf of Mexico, 122–30, 122–23
Gulf of St. Lawrence, 31, 32, 35
Gulf Stream, 120
guns, 6, 20, 157, 205
Gun Talk (radio show), 138
Guthrie, Woody, 366
Haiti, 56, 69, 98–99, 102, 111
Hakluyt, Richard, 299–300, 320
Halberd, 242–42
Hale, Sarah Josepha, 381
Hall, Missy, 288
Halona Idiwan’a (Middle Anthill of the World), 152, 163
hammocks, 59, 88
hardtack, 203
Hariot, Thomas, 299–302, 320
Harrison, Benjamin, 48
Harrison, William Henry, 365
Hatteras Indians, 311–12
Hatteras Island, 321–25
“Hávamál,” 23
Hawikuh pueblo, 155–56
Hawkins, John, 270, 294–95
Hayes, Edward, 297
Heavener, Oklahoma, 15
Henricus, City of, 333, 353–55
Henry, “The Navigator,” Prince of Portugal, 52
Henry VII, King of England, 294
Henry VIII, King of England, 294
Herjólfsson, Bjarni, 12, 17, 46
Hermosillo, Mexico, 136–37
Hernández, Alba, 99
Hernando, Mississippi, 247–49, 248
Hird, Barbara “Queenie”, 307–8
Hispaniola (La Isla Española), 56, 64–66, 68–71, 76, 77, 81, 85–88, 96–98, 104–5, 117. See also Dominican Republic; Haiti
present-day, 68, 72–85, 102, 104–14
History of the Improved Order of Red Men and Degree of Pocahontas, 351
Hitler, 362
Hojeda, Alonso de, 70, 97
Hopi Indians, 157, 169
Hore, Richard, 294
horses, 5–6, 68, 157, 181, 200
Houston, George, 75, 99
houston, lebame, 306–8
Hoyo Santo (Holy Hole), 96, 104
Hrafn the Dueller, 11
Hudson, Charles, 218–21, 241, 249, 258, 261
Hudson, Joyce, 220, 221
Hudson Route, 219–22, 227, 249, 258
Huguenots, 265–78, 288–89, 291–92, 324
humans, first, in America, 19–20, 60
human sacrifice, 119, 119
hurricanes, 88
Hyde County, North Carolina, 305, 312–13
Iceland, 11, 24
identification repentances, 276–78
iguana, 59
Illegal immigration, 149
Improved Order of Red Men, 377
Inca, 6, 117, 120, 130, 199
Indian Removal Act, 220
Indians (Native Americans), 3–7. See also specific tribes and places
agriculture and,, 353–54
Alarcón and, 159–61
; artwork of, at Morro, 167
battle tactics of, 204, 242–44
Cabeza de Vaca and, 123–30
casinos and, 173
Columbus and, 7, 48, 58–71, 60, 76, 85–88
conversion of, by Spanish, 118
Coronado and, 135, 139, 143–47, 150,, 157, 166, 178–79, 197–98
Cortés and, 118
De Soto and, 198–99, 206–9, 211–12, 214–17, 219–27, 229–30, 238–40, 242, 245–46, 254–57, 261–62
disease and, 6, 34–36, 118, 178–79, 211–12, 215, 222, 261–62, 285, 292, 301, 325, 374–75, 375, 380
Dominican Republic and, 106
English and, 295, 373–74
Estevanico and, 131–33
eugenics and, 361–64
gold and, 86
Gosnold and, 372–73
Hatteras Island and, 321–25
Huguenots and, 267–69, 275
Jamestown and, 328, 329–39, 342–49, 351–52
Las Casas and, 86–88
Mounds of, 232–33, 258
Newfoundland, and, 33–34
Norse and, 19–21, 27, 29–44, 46
Oñate and, 169–70, 174
petroglyphs of, 15
Pilgrims and, 7, 374–77, 380–82
Portuguese and, 5
Quivira and, 190–93
rape of, 69
Roanoke and, 298–99, 301–3, 313–19, 317, 318, 322
St. Augustine and, 5, 280–81, 291–92
slavery and, 117, 285, 292
Southern culture and, 226
Spanish and, 5–7, 127–30, 147, 148, 151–52, 244
tobacco and, 61, 62
Verrazzano and, 4
Vespucci and, 77, 78
view first Europeans, 7
Virginia and, after Jamestown, 353–61
Withlacoochee River, 212–13
Indies, 51–53, 60, 78, 113
Ingram, David, 295
Ingstad, Helge, 17–19, 21, 28–29
Inuit, 44–45
invasive species, 46
Inverness, Florida, 212, 216
Irish settlers, 30
irrigation canals, 155
Irving, Washington, 50
Isabel, Queen of Spain, 49, 52, 53, 77, 82
Isabela, La
settlement by Columbus, 69–71, 72, 97, 102, 106
present-day national park at, 109–12
Isla Española, La. See Hispaniola
Islamic scholars, 50
Isle of Doom, 123, 124–25
Isle of the Amazons, 193
Isle of the Seven Cities, 132
Italian settlers, 48
Jacksonville, Florida, 270–72, 274, 276–78, 281, 288–89
Jamaica, 70, 76–77, 117
James, King of England, 319–20, 328
James River, 332, 333, 365
Jamestown, 3, 5, 46, 206–7, 281, 287, 293, 305, 326–69, 333, 373
historic park at, 340–43, 349–55
Indians and, 330–37, 343–44, 348–49, 357
Landing Day commemoration, 349–51
Plymouth vs., 371, 379–80, 387–88
present-day, 340–43, 349–55
Roanoke and, 310, 313
Japan, 62, 82
Jarvis, Beulah, 190
Jarvis, Keith, 188–90
Jefferson, Thomas, 232
Jerusalem, 51
Jews, expelled from Spain, 53, 54
Joe, Michael, 36–37
Joe, Missel, 37
Jones, Calvin, 213
Jonson, Ben, 314
Journal of Croatian Studies, 325
Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest, 216, 227–28
Joyfull news out of the newe found worlde (Monarde), 371
kangaroo rat, 140
Kansas, 5, 183, 186–96
Karlsefni, Gudrid, 20–21
Karlsefni, Snorri, 21
Karlsefni, Thorfinn, 20–21, 26
Kelso, William, 341–43
Kensington Stone (Minnesota), 15
Kilmer, Joyce, 227–28
knarr (Viking ship), 21
Kocoum, 345
Labrador, 27
Lafayette, General, 271
Lane, Ralph, 300–302, 324
L’ Anse aux Meadows, 14, 16, 17, 26–27, 30–32, 31
archaeological excavations at, 17–19, 29–30
present-day, 21–30
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 86–88, 98, 148, 179, 260
Last of the Mohicans (film), 38
Laudonnière, René de, 266–70, 273–75
Lavandier, César, 89
Lawson, John, 314, 324
Le Challeux, Nicolas, 265
Le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 263, 269
Lincoln, Abraham, 381
Lindsay, Vachel, 349
Lindsborg, Kansas, 183, 194–96
Litt, Larry, 205
livestock, 28, 153
Llano Estacado (Staked Plain), 183–84, 183
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 15
longship, 22
longhouse, 24–26
López-Palop, María Jesús Figa, 93–94
Los Floridanos Society, 287
Lost Colony, The (play), 306–7
Lost Colony Center for Science and Research, 311, 313
Louisiana, 248
Lumbee Indians, 315
Lyons, Kansas, 193–94
Madariaga, Salvador de, 48
Madeira island, 61
Madoc (Welsh prince), 295
Magellan, Ferdinand, 117
Mahkee, Wells, 161–64
Maine, 4–6, 328, 372, 374
Make a Wish Foundation, 352
Malcolm X, 384
Mandeville, John, 64
mangoo (plaintains with eggs and onion), 75
Manifest Destiny, 245
Manteo, 299–300, 303, 309, 315, 323, 325
Manteo, North Carolina, 304, 305, 307
Marble, Nancy, 185–86
Marcos de Niza, Fray, 130–33, 135, 137, 142–43, 149–50, 191
Mares, Walter, 146–49
Mariana, Queen of Spain, 288
marshmallow, 358
Martha’s Vineyard, 372, 373
Martinez, Max, 172–73
Martyr, Peter, 112–13
Maryland, 332
Massachusetts, 5–6, 46, 371–74, 373. See also Pilgrims; Plymouth
Massasoit, 376–77, 380–82
Matanzas River, 274, 280, 289, 291
Mattaponi Indians, 363
Mavila, 240–41
Mavila (Old Cahawba), 231, 237–42, 244, 262
May, Larry, 201–6
Mayans, 83
Mayflower Compact, 3, 380
Mayflower (ship), 1–3, 46, 368, 374, 377, 378–80, 383, 389
replica, 1, 370, 378–79, 382
McCallie, Roy, 258–59
McCarty, Steve, 235–36
McConnell, Louella Day, 284–85
McGovern, Thomas, 46
Means, Russell, 48
Médici, Catherine de, 266
Meier, Chris, 285–86
Memoir of the Happy Result, 275
Memphis, Tennessee, 249, 249
Mendez, Ana, 277
Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro, 270, 272–75, 278–81, 285–87, 289–92
Mercator, Gerard, 79
Mercedes, Teódulo, 84, 89–92
Merchant Adventurers of Southampton, 297
Mexican-Americans, 147
Mexican-American War, 136–37, 139, 147–48, 168
Mexico, 117–20, 127, 129–30, 135–40, 147–49, 197, 260–61
border with, at Naco, 138–40
Micmac Indians, 35–44
Milton, 47
minerals, 118, 299
Minorcans, 287–88
Mission Nombre de Dios, 286
Mississippi, 244–51, 248
Mississippi Delta, 249–53
Mississippi River, 5, 122, 123, 245–61
Mississippi Valley, 6
Missouri,
255
Moctezuma, Aztec ruler, 118, 203
Monardes, Nicolás, 371
Monte de Plata, 107
Moore, Dorothy, 259
Morgan, Edmund, 329, 340
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 53, 56, 68
Mormon Church, 226, 233
Morris, Craig, 271–72, 275, 281
Morro, El, 167–70, 167, 174
Morton County, Kansas, 186–87
Moscoso, Luis de, 248, 257
mosquitos, 125
Mound culture, 233–34
Mr. Bad Thing, 126
mulberries, 191, 222
Mulberry Plantation, 223–25
Museum of Dominican Man, 85–86
muskrat, 359
Muslims, 52, 53, 53, 62, 117, 130
Naco (border town), 138–39
Naked Lunch (Burroughs), 196
Nantahala Wilderness, 227
Naples, Florida history fest, 201–6
Naranjo, Emilio, 173–75
Narváez, Pánfilo de, 121–23, 125, 208, 261
National Park Service, 220–21
National Society of Colonial Dames, 341
Navajo, 158, 161, 166
Naval League, 89
Navidad, La, 56, 64–65, 69, 95–97, 111
Neruda, Pablo, 96
New Albion, 327, 368
New Brunswick, 32, 35
New England. See also specific states and towns
first English Colony in, 5–6
John Smith and, 367–69
Norse in, 15
Newfoundland, 12–13, 16, 17, 31, 30–34, 45–46, 294, 297
present-day, 13–14, 17–19, 21–24, 27–30, 32–44
New Mexico, 150–64, 171–76, 183, 196–98, 366
Newport, Rhode Island, 15
New World, Martyr names, 113
New World, The (movie), 336
New York, 4, 328
Nicot, Jean, 268
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 47
Niña (ship), 53, 55, 65–67
Noble Savage myth, 87
Norse (Vikings), 11–17, 16, 19, 21–46, 21, 66, 194
reenactors, 23–24
North Carolina, 227–28, 298–315, 305, 366
Northumberland, Earl of, 330
Northwest Passage, 295, 328
Norumbega (legendary land), 295–97, 296, 371, 388
Nova Scotia, 35
ocher, 34
Oklahoma, 183, 186
Old Cahawba, AL, 241
Old Colony Club, 382–86
Olsen, Claire, 2–3
Oñate, Juan de, 169–75, 189
Oñate Monument, 171–75
Onawa Council Number 38, 351
Opechancanough, 334, 355, 357–58, 359
opossuom, 359
Order of Red Men, 351–52
Order of Santiago, 200
Oregon, 5
Oregon Trail, 146
Ortiz, Juan, 206–8, 217, 255, 336
Ottoman Turks, 52, 327
“Our Mother Pocahontas” (Lindsay), 349
Outer Banks, North Carolina, 308, 314, 320–21, 323–24
Ozama River, 72, 75
Padilla, Friar Juan, 193
Painter-Stainers’ Guild, 303