by Tony Horwitz
Palos, Spain, 53–54, 57, 67
Pamunkey Indians, 333, 356–61, 363, 366
Pamunkey River, 358
Pane, Father Ramón, 85–86, 105
Paradise Lost (Milton), 47
Parks Canada, L’Anse site and, 22–26, 28, 29, 32, 37
parrots, Columbs brings to spain, 67
Patuxet, Massachusetts, 374–75, 375
Paul, Joey, 38–44
peanuts, 88
Penitentes, 172–73
peppers, 88
Percy, George, 329–30, 338–40, 343
Peru, 117, 120, 130, 199–200
Peterson, Nels, 194–96
peyote, 125
Philip II, King of Spain, 273, 278–79, 289
pigs, 6, 68, 200, 213–14, 217, 339
Pike’s Peak, 147
Pilgrim Hall, 370–71, 378, 389
Pilgrim Progress procession, 382
Pilgrims, 1, 3–7, 120, 147, 155, 265–66, 271–72, 286, 326, 340, 370, 374–87
Indians and, 374–75, 379–81
myth of, 5–6, 388–90
reenactment, 378–80
route of, 373
Thanksgiving and, 5, 380–81
pineapples, 88
Pinta (ship), 53, 55, 57, 66–67
Pinzón, Martín Alonso, 55, 66–67
pirates and privateers, 269–70, 281, 294–95, 300, 302, 308, 328
Pizarro, Francisco, 117, 119–20, 130, 199
Plains, 6, 179–96, 183
Plains Indians, 5, 39, 180–82, 245
plantations, 365–66
Plecker, Walter, 361–63
Plimoth Plantation, 379, 382, 389
plums, 191, 230
Plymouth, 1, 6, 46, 266, 293, 326, 340, 370–90, 373
present-day, 1–2, 370–71, 376–77, 382–89
myth over facts and, 387–90
Thanksgving and, 290, 382–83
Wampanoag protests at, 382
Plymouth Rock, 2–3, 370–71, 377–78, 382, 386–90
Pocahontas (Disney film), 336
Pocahontas Exception, 351
Pocahontas (Matoaka, Rebecca Rolfe), 3, 5, 206–7, 326–27, 335, 335–37, 340, 343–49, 347, 353, 354, 366
descendants of, 350–52, 357
monument to, in Pamunkey, 357
statue of, in Jamestown, 341, 349
Point Comfort, 333, 364–65
Polish settlers, 364
Polo, Marco, 50, 62
Ponce de León, Juan, 120, 200, 261, 281, 283–84, 286, 291, 388
Po’pay, 173
Popham, Maine, 5
Port Royal colony, 267, 274
Portugal, 4–6, 33, 49–53, 61, 67, 69, 77, 364, 384
Potomac River, 332, 333
pottery, 156
Powell, William, 246
Powhatan, 310, 325, 332, 333, 334–37, 335, 344–46, 354, 355
burial site of, 357–58
Princess Pocahontas Memorial Day, 351–52
Protestants, 5, 265–66, 272, 274–81, 291. See also specific types
Proulx, Annie, 33
Ptolemy, 50
Pueblo Indians, 191, 366
Revolt of 1540, 166
Revolt of 1680, 153, 158, 173
Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, 102, 107
Puerto Rico, 117, 120
pumpkins, 301
Purcell, Susan, 311–12
Puritans, 266, 376
Quinn, David, 310–11
Quivira, 165–66, 179, 182, 183, 186, 190–91, 193–97, 215
Quizquiz, 245–46
raccoon, 359
race and racism, 99, 171, 361–67
“Racial Improvement” (Plecker), 361
Racial Integrity Act (Virginia, 1924), 362–64
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 297–300, 302–4, 307–8, 319–20, 324, 328
Raleigh National Historic Site, Fort, 304–8, 305, 310, 325
Rappahannock River, 332, 333
rattlesnakes, 140
“Red Indians,” 33–34
Requerimiento (Summons), 144–45, 154, 161, 209
Rhode Island, 388
Ribault, Jean, 267–68, 270, 272–75, 279–80, 289
Richmond, Virginia, 333, 361, 367
Rio Grande, 166–67, 167, 175, 196
Rivière de Mai, 267–73, 274
Roanoke, Fort, 314, 324
Roanoke Island colony, 298–325, 318, 327, 331–32, 340
present-day, 304–8, 305, 311
present-day search for lost colony of, 309–15, 320–25
Rogel, Father Juan, 205, 209
Rolfe, Jane, 350
Rolfe, John, 344–45, 353, 364, 366
descendants of, 350
Rolfe, Thomas, 347–48, 350
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 381
Royal Hunt of the Sun, The (play), 120
runes, 15
Ruskey, John, 251–54
Russia, 83
Saga of the Greenlanders, The, 12, 26
St. Augustine, Florida, 5, 273, 274, 275, 278–81, 302, 388–89
archaeological excavations and, 285
commemoration of Menéndez landing of 1565, 286–89
Plymouth vs., 371
present-day, 281–89
reenactment of landing at, 287–88
thanksgiving at, 289–92
St. Augustine Historical Society, 284
St. Croix, Virgin Islands, 69
St. George, Fort, 5–6
St. John’s, Newfoundland, 33
St. John’s River, 274. See also Rivière de Mai
Samoset, 7, 374
Sanchez, Carmelita, 153–54
Sanchez, Dale, 170–71
San Juan Pueblo, 167, 173
San Pedro River, 139–40
San Salvador, 56, 58–59, 68
Santa Fe, 167, 171
Santa Fe Trail, 146, 187
Santa María (ship), 53, 65, 111, 117
Santiago, Dominican Republic, 102, 106–7
Santo Cerro, DR, 102, 103
Santo Domingo, 71–73, 79–84, 86–87, 102, 109–11
Columbus Day ceremony in, 88–93
Columbus Lighthouse (El Faro) in, 80–84
present-day, 72–75
Trujillo and, 98–99
sassafras, 6, 371, 372
savanna, 88
Savannah River, 221
scorpions, 140
Secotan, 317, 318
serpent, 59
Seven Cities of Gold, 193
seven enchanted cities, 132–33
Seville, Spain, 81–82, 93
shad, 360
Shakespeare, William, 339
Shanawdithit, 34–35, 34
sharecroppers, 249
sheep, 68, 153
Shepherd, Charles “Sweet Medicine”, 315–19, 321–22, 325
Shepherd, Pearl, 315
Sherman’s March, 218
Shipping News, The (Proulx), 33
Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, A (Las Casas), 87
Shoulder of Mutton (ship), 271
“Significance of the Frontier in American History, The” (Turner), 134–35
Silva, Roger, 377
Silva Nieto, Francisco Manuel de, 167
silver, 150, 153, 199, 224, 255
“Skeleton in Armor, The” (Longfellow), 15
Skraelings, 20–21, 27, 30–32, 37
slavery, 61, 70–71, 76, 86–87, 121, 125, 128, 130–31, 270, 286, 295, 364–66
Smith, Adam, 47
Smith, John, 3, 5, 206–7, 326–28, 331, 332–38, 333, 335, 340, 342, 346–47, 349–50, 352, 355, 358–59, 368–69, 375–76
statue of, at Jamestown, 341, 349
Smith, Joseph, 233
Smoky Hills, Kansas, 195
Sonoran Desert, 136–38, 140, 141
South America, 76–79, 78, 113, 117
South Carolina, 221–24, 267
Spain, 506, 61–62, 72, 106, 115, 117–19, 148, 179, 282, 327. See also specific explo
rers and places
battle style of, 157, 242–43
cedes Florida to U.S., 148049, 283
Columbus and, 49–51, 53, 67–69, 86–88, 93–94, 97
descendants in New Mexico, 366
England vs., 149, 294–95, 300, 302
Florida and, 120–33, 213–15, 261–62, 269, 280–81
France vs., in Florida, 266, 270–81, 291–92
markings of, at El Morro, 167, 170
Mexican independence from, 147
Mississippi River and, 245–46
mixed population of colonies and descendants of, 148–49, 214–15, 287
Plains explored by, 179–84, 195–96
present-day memory of, 146–49
prosecutes cruelty by conquistadores, 179
Southwest and, 130–33, 135, 144–45, 153, 168–79, 185
Zuni and, 151–54
Spanish Armada, 307, 308, 327–28
Spanish Crown, 118
Spanish missions, 163, 171, 285, 291–92
spices, 64
Squanto (Tisquantum), 3, 374–75, 388
Squires, Eddie, 312–13
Squires, Vickie, 312–13
Squirrel (ship), 297
Standish, Myles, 368
Stephen, St., 171
Stine, Anne, 17
Stone Slab Land (Baffin Island), 12, 16
Styron, William, 304
succotash, 385–86
sugar, 61, 72
Swanton, John, 220
Swedish settlers, 194–96
sweet potato, 67, 88
sweet potatoes, Columbus brings to Spain, 67
swords, 6, 20–21
Sykes, Cynthia, 386
syphilis, 88, 371–72, 388
Taino Indians, 85–88, 96–98, 104–6, 110–11
Tallahassee, Florida, 121–22, 213–15, 216
Tampa, Florida, 121, 123
tarantulas, 140
Tarry, Sam, 350
Tascalusa (Indian chief), 236–39, 261
Tascalusa (place), 237, 240
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 339
Tennessee, 229–31, 231, 248
Tenochtitlan, Mexico, 118
Texas, 127, 148–49, 182–86, 183
Thanksgiving, 147
as “Day of Mourning,” 382
Pilgrims and, at Plymouth, 5, 380–83
Spanish and, at St. Augustine, 5, 289–92
Thanksgiving Parade (Plymouth), 382–83
Thorgest, 11
Thor (Norse god), 25
Thorvard, 26–27
timber, 27, 299, 338
Timeline Shooters, 205–6
Timucuan Indians, 285, 290–91
tobacco, 61–62, 62, 88, 268, 301–2, 317, 319, 320, 344–45, 349, 353, 365–66
Tobacco Association of the United States, 349
tobacco pipe, 40–43
Tomocomo, 346
Torquemada, Tomás de, 53
Torres, Luis de, 54, 63, 64
tortoise, 290
trade goods, 7, 20–21, 60
Treaty of 1848, 136
Triana, Rodrigo de, 57–58
Trout (ship), 271
Trujillo, Rafael, 98–99, 110
Tsenacomacoh, 347
Tucumcari, New Mexico, 182, 183
tuna (fruit of prickly pear), 138
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 134–35
turquoise, 149–50, 153
Tuscon, Arizona, 133
Twain, Mark, 72
Tyler, John, 365
Tyrkir, 13
United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors, 235–36
U.S. Army, 188
U.S. Border Patrol, 139
U.S. Congress, 139, 245
Urcadez, Leonel, 139
Ures, Mexico, 137, 141
Valkyries, 25
Vallodolid, Spain, 81
Venezuela, 76
Verrazzano, Giovanni da, 4, 7, 388
Vespucci, Amerigo, 77–79, 78, 388
Viking sagas, 12, 14–17, 19–22, 26–27, 31–32, 44–46. See also Norse
Viking Trail, 14, 17–19, 31
Villa de la Navidad, 65
Vinland, 12–17, 16, 19–22, 26–27, 30–32, 45–46
Virginia, 46, 299, 350–51, 355–56, 387
Jamestown and, 327–69, 333
race and Indians of, 361–67
Roanoke and, 300–304, 309, 319, 320
Virginia Company, 328, 332, 335, 338, 342, 345–46
Waldseemüller, Martin, 79
Walls, 248, 249–51
walnuts, 191, 222
Wampanoag Indians, 15, 376–77, 382
Wanchese, North Carolina, 304, 305
Wanchese, 299, 300, 303
Wateree River, 223–24
Wayne, John, 170
Wealth of Nations (Smith), 47
weapons, 242–43
weeds, 6
Weigand, Thane, 139–40
Werowocomoco, 333
West Indies, 295, 328
whaling, 20
White, Calvin, 37
White, John, 300, 302–4, 308–11, 313, 316–20, 317, 318, 322, 324, 361
Wichita Indians, 193
Willard, Carol, 313, 321
Willard, Fred, 311–13, 315–16, 322
Williamsburg, Virginia, 333, 340
Withlacoochee River, 212, 216
Wood, William, 386
wool, 299
World’s Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1892), 48
World War II, 139
Wright, Melanie, 353–55
Xeres, Rodrigo de, 54, 63
Yaque River, 112
York-El, Dr. Malachi Z., 236
York River, 332, 333
Young, Neil, 120
Zemis (idols), 85–86, 111
Zuni, 151–58, 161–66, 162, 167, 356
museum, 152–53
present-day, 152–55, 161–64
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
TONY HORWITZ is the bestselling author of Blue Latitudes, Confederates in the Attic, and Baghdad Without a Map. He is also a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist who has worked for The Wall Street Journal and The New Yorker. He lives in Massachusetts with his wife, Geraldine Brooks, and their son, Nathaniel.