36 Nicolaus Henke et al., “The Age of Analytics: Competing in a Data-Driven World,” McKinsey Global Institute, December 2016.
37 “LinkedIn 2018 Emerging Jobs Report,” LinkedIn, December 13, 2018, https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/research/linkedin-2018-emerging-jobs-report
38 Will Markow et al., “The Quant Crunch: How the Demand for Data Science Skills Is Disrupting the Job Market,” IBM and Burning Glass Technologies, 2017, https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/im/en/iml14576usen/analytics-analytics-platform-im-analyst-paper-or-report-iml14576usen-20171229.pdf
39 Catherine Shu, “Google Acquires Artificial Intelligence Startup DeepMind for More Than $500 Million,” TechCrunch, January 26, 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/26/google-deepmind/
40 Richard Evans and Jim Gao, “DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%,” DeepMind, July 20, 2016, https://deepmind.com/blog/deepmind-ai-reduces-google-data-centre-cooling-bill-40/
41 Tony Peng, “DeepMind AlphaFold Delivers ‘Unprecedented Progress’ on Protein Folding,” Synced Review, December 3, 2018, https://syncedreview.com/2018/12/03/deepmind-alphafold-delivers-unprecedented-progress-on-protein-folding/
42 David Cyranoski, “China Enters the Battle for AI Talent,” Nature 553 (January 15, 2018): 260–61, http://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-00604-6
43 Carolyn Jones, “‘Big Data’ Classes a Big Hit in California High Schools,” Los Angeles Daily News, February 22, 2018, https://www.dailynews.com/2018/02/22/big-data-classes-a-big-hit-in-california-high-schools/
44 “Deep Learning Specialization,” Coursera, n.d., https://www.coursera.org/specializations/deep-learning
45 “Insight Data Science Fellows Program,” Insight, n.d., https://www.insightdatascience.com/
46 Dorian Pyle and Cristina San José, “An Executive’s Guide to Machine Learning,” McKinsey Quarterly, June 2015, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/an-executives-guide-to-machine-learning
47 Philipp Gerbert et al., “Putting Artificial Intelligence to Work,” Boston Consulting Group, September 28, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/technology-digital-strategy-putting-artificial-intelligence-work.aspx
Chapter 7
1 Mik Lamming and Mike Flynn, “‘Forget-Me-Not’ Intimate Computing in Support of Human Memory,” Rank Xerox Research Centre, 1994.
2 Kevin Ashton, “That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing,” RFID Journal, June 22, 2009, http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4986
3 John Koetsier, “Smart Speaker Users Growing 48% Annually, to Hit 90M in USA This Year,” Forbes, May 29, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2018/05/29/smart-speaker-users-growing-48-annually-will-outnumber-wearable-tech-users-this-year
4 Derived from C. Gellings et al., “Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid,” EPRI, March 2011.
5 Joe McKendrick, “With Internet of Things and Big Data, 92% of Everything We Do Will Be in the Cloud,” Forbes, November 13, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/joemckendrick/2016/11/13/with-internet-of-things-and-big-data-92-of-everything-we-do-will-be-in-the-cloud
6 Jennifer Weeks, “U.S. Electrical Grid Undergoes Massive Transition to Connect to Renewables,” Scientific American, April 28, 2010, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-smart-grid/
7 James Manyika et al., “The Internet of Things: Mapping the Value beyond the Hype,” McKinsey Global Institute, June 2015, http://bit.ly/2CDJnSL
8 “Metcalfe’s Law,” Wikipedia, last updated December 28, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe%27s_law
9 Alejandro Tauber, “This Dutch Farmer Is the Elon Musk of Potatoes,” Next Web, February 16, 2018, https://thenextweb.com/full-stack/2018/02/16/this-dutch-farmer-is-the-elon-musk-of-potatoes/
10 James Manyika et al., “Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things,” McKinsey, June 2015, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world
11 Michael Porter and James Heppelmann, “How Smart Connected Products Are Transforming Competition,” Harvard Business Review, November 2014; Michael E. Porter and James E. Heppelmann, “How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies,” Harvard Business Review, October 2015.
12 “Number of Connected IoT Devices Will Surge to 125 Billion by 2030, IHS Markit Says,” IHS Markit, October 24, 2017, http://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
13 Manyika et al., “Mapping the Value.”
14 “Automation and Anxiety,” The Economist, June 25, 2016, https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21700758-will-smarter-machines-cause-mass-unemployment-automation-and-anxiety
15 “Technology Could Help UBS Cut Workforce by 30 Percent: CEO in Magazine,” Reuters, October 3, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ubs-group-tech-workers/technology-could-help-ubs-cut-workforce-by-30-percent-ceo-in-magazine-idUSKCN1C80RO
16 Abigail Hess, “Deutsche Bank CEO Suggests Robots Could Replace Half the Company’s 97,000 Employees,” CNBC, November 8, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/deutsche-bank-ceo-suggests-robots-could-replace-half-its-employees.html
17 Anita Balakrishnan, “Self-Driving Cars Could Cost America’s Professional Drivers up to 25,000 Jobs a Month, Goldman Sachs Says,” CNBC, May 22, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/22/goldman-sachs-analysis-of-autonomous-vehicle-job-loss.html
18 Louis Columbus, “LinkedIn’s Fastest-Growing Jobs Today Are in Data Science and Machine Learning,” Forbes, December 11, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2017/12/11/linkedins-fastest-growing-jobs-today-are-in-data-science-machine-learning
19 Louis Columbus, “IBM Predicts Demand for Data Scientists Will Soar 28% by 2020,” Forbes, May 13, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2017/05/13/ibm-predicts-demand-for-data-scientists-will-soar-28-by-2020
20 Nicolas Hunke et al., “Winning in IoT: It’s All about the Business Processes,” Boston Consulting Group, January 5, 2017, https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2017/hardware-software-energy-environment-winning-in-iot-all-about-winning-processes.aspx
21 Ibid.
22 Harald Bauer et al., “The Internet of Things: Sizing Up the Opportunity,” McKinsey, December 2014, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/semiconductors/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-sizing-up-the-opportunity
23 Tyler Clifford, “RBC’s Mark Mahaney: Amazon Will Compete Directly with FedEx and UPS—‘It’s Just a Matter of Time,’” CNBC, November 8, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/08/amazon-will-soon-compete-directly-with-fedex-ups-rbcs-mark-mahaney.html
24 Porter and Heppelmann, “Smart, Connected Products.”
25 Ibid.
Chapter 8
1 “‘Whoever Leads in AI Will Rule the World’: Putin to Russian Children on Knowledge Day,” RT News, September 1, 2017, https://www.rt.com/news/401731-ai-rule-world-putin/
2 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, January 29, 2019, 5, https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/2019-ATA-SFR-SSCI.pdf
3 Brendan Koerner, “Inside the Cyberattack That Shocked the US Government,” Wired, October 23, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/10/inside-cyberattack-shocked-us-government
4 Devlin Barrett, “U.S. Suspects Hackers in China Breached about Four (4) Million People’s Records, Officials Say,” Wall Street Journal, June 5, 2015.
5 Tim Dutton, “An Overview of National AI Strategies,” Medium, June 28, 2018, https://medium.com/politics-ai/an-overview-of-national-ai-strategies-2a70ec6edfd
6 Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China, US Department of Defense, May 16, 2018, https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF
7 Report to Congress, US Department of Defense, May 2018.
8 Bill Gertz, “China in Race to Overtake U.S. Military
in AI Warfare,” National Interest, May 30, 2018, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/china-race-overtake-us-military-ai-warfare-26035
9 Robert Walton, “Report: Malware Traced to Ukraine Grid Attacks Could Be Used to Target US Grid,” Utilitydive, June 14, 2017, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/report-malware-traced-to-ukraine-grid-attacks-could-be-used-to-target-us-g/444906/; and Morgan Chalfant, “‘Crash Override’ Malware Heightens Fears for US Electric Grid,” The Hill, June 15, 2017, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/337877-crash-override-malware-heightens-fears-for-us-electric-grid
10 Stephanie Jamison et al., “Outsmarting Grid Security Threats,” Accenture Consulting, 2017, https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-utilities-outsmart-grid-cybersecurity-threats; and Peter Maloney, “Survey: Most Utility Executives Say Cybersecurity Is a Top Concern,” Utilitydive, October 5, 2017, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/survey-most-utility-executives-say-cybersecurity-is-a-top-concern/506509/
11 Rebecca Smith, “U.S. Risks National Blackout from Small-Scale Attack,” Wall Street Journal, March 12, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-risks-national-blackout-from-small-scale-attack-1394664965
12 James Woolsey and Peter Vincent Pry, “The Growing Threat from an EMP Attack,” Wall Street Journal, August 12, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/james-woolsey-and-peter-vincent-pry-the-growing-threat-from-an-emp-attack-1407885281
13 2008 EMP Commission Report, Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack, April 2008, https://empactamerica.org/our-work/why-is-emp-a-threat/the-emp-commission/commission-reports/
14 “House Subcommittee Hearing: Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP): Threat to Critical Infrastructure, Panel II,” US House Committee on Homeland Security, May 8, 2014, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg89763/html/CHRG-113hhrg89763.htm
15 Ted Koppel, Lights Out: A Cyberattack, a Nation Unprepared, Surviving the Aftermath (New York: Broadway Books, 2015), 15.
16 Rebecca Smith and Rob Barry, “America’s Electric Grid Has a Vulnerable Back Door—and Russia Walked through It,” Wall Street Journal, January 10, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-electric-grid-has-a-vulnerable-back-doorand-russia-walked-through-it-11547137112
17 John R. Allen and Amir Husain, “On Hyperwar,” Proceedings, US Naval Institute, July 2017, https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2017-07/hyperwar
18 Kyle Mizokami, “Russia Tests Yet Another Hypersonic Weapon,” Popular Mechanics, December 27, 2018, https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a25694644/avangard-hypersonic-weapon/
19 Providing for the Common Defense, US Department of Defense, September 2018, https://media.defense.gov/2018/Oct/03/2002047941/-1/-1/1/PROVIDING-FOR-THe-COMMON-DEFENSE-SEPT-2018.PDF
20 David Axe, “The U.S. Air Force Is Headed for a Crash: Too Many Old Planes, Not Enough Cash,” Daily Beast, December 25, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-us-air-force-is-headed-for-a-crash-too-many-old-planes-not-enough-cash
21 Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America, US Department of Defense, 2018.
22 Report to Congress.
23 Stephen Losey, “Fewer Planes Are Ready to Fly: Air Force Mission-Capable Rates Decline amid Pilot Crisis,” Air Force Times, March 5, 2018, https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/03/05/fewer-planes-are-ready-to-fly-air-force-mission-capable-rates-decline-amid-pilot-crisis/
24 Axe, “U.S. Air Force.”
25 The FY 2019 Defense Overview Book, US Department of Defense, February 13, 2018, https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2019/FY2019_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf
26 Tajha Chappellet-Lanier, “DIU Chooses Ex-presidential Innovation Fellow to Fill Director Role,” Fedscoop, September 24, 2018, https://www.fedscoop.com/michael-brown-diu-director/
27 Providing for the Common Defense.
28 Sean Kimmons, “After Hitting Milestones, Futures Command Looks Ahead to More,” Army News Service, October 9, 2018, https://www.army.mil/article/212185/after_hitting_milestones_futures_command_looks_ahead_to_more
29 Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy.
30 Kris Osborn, “F-35 Combat Missions Now Have Operational ‘Threat Library’ of Mission Data Files,” Fox News, October 24, 2018.
31 Charting a Course for Success: America’s Strategy for STEM Education, National Science and Technology Council, December 2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/STEM-Education-Strategic-Plan-2018.pdf
32 National Background Investigations Bureau, Report on Backlog of Personnel Security Clearance Investigations, Clearance Jobs, September 2018.
33 Lindy Kyzer, “How Long Does It Take to Get a Security Clearance (Q1 2018)?,” Clearance Jobs, March 13, 2018, https://news.clearancejobs.com/2018/03/13/long-take-get-security-clearance-q1-2018/
34 Rick Docksai, “Continuous Evaluation System Aims to Streamline Security Clearance Investigations,” Clearance Jobs, September 7, 2018, https://news.clearancejobs.com/2018/09/07/continuous-evaluation-system-aims-to-streamline-security-clearance-investigations/
Chapter 9
1 Christopher Harress, “The Sad End of Blockbuster Video: The Onetime $5 Billion Company Is Being Liquidated as Competition from Online Giants Netflix and Hulu Prove All Too Much for the Iconic Brand,” International Business Times, December 5, 2013, http://www.ibtimes.com/sad-end-blockbuster-video-onetime-5-billion-company-being-liquidated-competition-1496962
2 Greg Satell, “A Look Back at Why Blockbuster Really Failed and Why It Didn’t Have To,” Forbes, September 5, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregsatell/2014/09/05/a-look-back-at-why-blockbuster-really-failed-and-why-it-didnt-have-to/#6393286c1d64
3 Celena Chong, “Blockbuster’s CEO Once Passed Up a Chance to Buy Netflix for Only $50 Million,” Business Insider, July 17, 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/blockbuster-ceo-passed-up-chance-to-buy-netflix-for-50-million-2015-7
4 Jeff Desjardins, “The Rise and Fall of Yahoo!,” Visual Capitalist, July 29, 2016, http://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-rise-fall-yahoo/
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Associated Press, “Winston-Salem Borders Store to Remain Open despite Bankruptcy,” Winston-Salem Journal, February 16, 2011, https://archive.is/20110219200836/http://www2.journalnow.com/business/2011/feb/16/3/winston-salem-borders-store-remain-open-despite-ba-ar-788688/
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 “Transformation d’Engie: Les grands chantiers d’Isabelle Kocher,” RSE Magazine, January 4, 2018, https://www.rse-magazine.com/Transformation-d-ENGIE-les-grands-chantiers-d-Isabelle-Kocher_a2531.html#towZyrIe8xYVK106.99
12 “Isabelle Kocher: ‘We Draw Our Inspiration from the Major Players in the Digital World,’” ENGIE, November 3, 2016, https://www.ENGIE.com/en/group/opinions/open-innovation-digital/usine-nouvelle-isabelle-kocher/
13 “Enel Earmarks €5.3bn for Digital Transformation,” Smart Energy International, November 28, 2017, https://www.smart-energy.com/news/digital-technologies-enel-2018-2020/
14 Derek du Preez, “Caterpillar CEO—‘We Have to Lead Digital. By the Summer Every Machine Will Be Connected,’” Diginomica, April 25, 2016, https://diginomica.com/2016/04/25/caterpillar-ceo-we-have-to-lead-digital-by-the-summer-every-machine-will-be-connected/
15 “A Q&A with 3M’s New CEO Mike Roman,” 3M Company, July 31, 2018, https://news.3m.com/qa-3m-new-ceo-mike-roman
Chapter 11
1 Michael Sheetz, “Technology Killing Off Corporate America: Average Life Span of Companies under 20 Years,” CNBC, August 24, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/24/technology-killing-off-corporations-average-lifespan-of-company-under-20-years.html
2 Thomas M. Siebel, “Why Digital Transformation Is Now on the CEO’s Shoulders,” McKinsey Quarterly, December 2017, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/why-digital-transformation-is-now-on-the-ceos-shoulders
3 Dan Marcec,
“CEO Tenure Rates,” Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation, February 12, 2018, https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2018/02/12/ceo-tenure-rates/
4 Sheeraz Raza, “Private Equity Assets under Management Approach $2.5 Trillion,” Value Walk, January 31, 2017, http://www.valuewalk.com/2017/01/private-equity-assets-management-approach-2-5-trillion/
5 Preeti Varathan, “In just Two Hours, Amazon Erased $30 Billion in Market Value for Healthcare’s Biggest Companies,” Quartz, January 30, 2018, https://qz.com/1192731/amazons-push-into-healthcare-just-cost-the-industry-30-billion-in-market-cap/
6 Alison DeNisco Rayome, “Why CEOs Must Partner with IT to Achieve True Digital Transformation,” TechRepublic, February 21, 2018, https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-ceos-must-partner-with-it-to-achieve-true-digital-transformation/
7 Claudio Feser, “How Technology Is Changing the Job of the CEO,” McKinsey Quarterly, August 2017, https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/leadership/how-technology-is-changing-the-job-of-the-ceo
8 Rayome, “CEOs Must Partner with IT.”
9 Khalid Kark et al., “Stepping Up: The CIO as Digital Leader,” Deloitte Insights, October 20, 2017, https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/cio-insider-business-insights/cio-leading-digital-change-transformation.html
10 Ivan Levingston, “Health Stocks Fall after Amazon, JPMorgan, Berkshire Announce Health-Care Deal,” Bloomberg, January 30, 2018, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-30/health-stocks-slump-as-amazon-led-group-unveils-efficiency-plans; and Paul R. LaMonica, “Jeff Bezos and His Two Friends Just Spooked Health Care Stocks,” CNN, January 30, 2018, http://money.cnn.com/2018/01/30/investing/health-care-stocks-jpmorgan-chase-amazon-berkshire-hathaway/index.html
11 Levingston, “Health Stocks Fall”; and LaMonica, “Jeff Bezos.”
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