Oblivion or Glory
Page 34
4. Churchill to Lloyd George, 23 September 1921, in CHAR 5/24.
5. Winston S. Churchill, ‘The Scaffolding of Rhetoric’, unpublished essay 1897; Moran, quoted in Cannadine (ed.), Winston S. Churchill, introduction, p. xiv; Clarke, Mr. Churchill’s Profession, pp. 294–5.
6. Dundee Advertiser, 26 September 1921.
7. For the text of the Caird Hall speech, see Rhodes James (ed.), Winston S. Churchill, pp. 3,128–31; the Dundee Advertiser and The Times, 26 September 1921.
8. Rhodes James (ed.), Winston S. Churchill, p. 3,140.
9. Rhodes James, Churchill, p. 20, fn 32; Henry Lucy (‘Toby M.P.’), Lords and Commoners, p. 80.
10. Gilbert, World in Torment, p. 669; The Times, 24, 26 September 1921.
11. Saturday Review, 1 October 1921; Outlook, 22 October 1921.
12. Sidebotham, Pillars of the State, pp. 140, 149–50.
13. T. P. O’Connor, The Times, 23 October 1921; Addison, Churchill on the Home Front 1900–1955, p. 202.
14. Churchill to Curzon, 29 September 1921, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,634–5.
15. Churchill, ‘Dundee and the Housing Scheme’, Cabinet Memorandum, 20 July 1921, in CAB/22/126, National Archives. I am grateful to Paul Addison for drawing my attention to this.
16. Riddell, Lord Riddell’s Intimate Diary of the Peace Conference and After 1918–1923, 15 September 1921, p. 235; see also Morgan, Consensus and Disunity, pp. 104–5.
17. Churchill, ‘The Unemployment Situation’, Cabinet memorandum, 28 September 1921; Lloyd George to Churchill 1 October 1921; Churchill to Lloyd George, 8 October 1921, all in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,630–44; for the Glasgow speech, see Rhodes James, Churchill, pp. 40–1.
16 THE COMFORT OF FRIENDS
1. Davenport-Hines, Ettie, pp. 239, 241.
2. Lady Hamilton Diary, Sunday 16 October 1921.
3. Duff Cooper Diary, 5 November 1921.
4. See Hassall’s entry on Marsh in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–16), and Douglas Plummer, Queer People, p. 304.
5. Mallet, Anthony Hope and His Books, pp. 196–7, 221, 232. Hope’s full name was Anthony Hope Hawkins; Campbell, F. E. Smith, p. 267. The club’s official history can be found in Colin Coote’s now dated 1971 The Other Club, while a more recent and valuable analysis of its origins and historiography can be found in Cameron Hazlehurst’s unpublished article ‘Churchill’s “collection of brilliant lions”: The Other Club and its Founders’, kindly lent to the author by Professor Hazlehurst. See also Toye, Lloyd George and Churchill, p. 85.
6. See Marsh’s (undated) draft with Churchill’s amendments in the Marsh Papers at Churchill College, Cambridge, EMAR1. For the Alpine Club events, see The Times, 16 and 24 October 1921; C. H. Collins Baker, Secretary, to Churchill, 22 November 1921, in CHAR 1/138/123; M. Wise of Thornton Butterworth to Churchill, 10 November 1921, in CHAR 8/40.
7. Campbell, F. E. Smith, p. 267; Clementine to Churchill, 10 September 1921, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 300. See also her letter of 11 July 1921, ibid, p. 238.
8. For the November Beaverbrook dinner, see The Sunday Times, 27 November, 1921; for Bennett, see Drabble, Arnold Bennett, a Biography, esp. pp. 230–61; and John Lucas, entry for Bennett in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. For Beaverbrook and Bennett, see Taylor, Beaverbrook, esp. pp. 54–5, 170, 234–45, 657. For Churchill’s letter of thanks, see Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,550–1, Young, Churchill and Beaverbrook, p. 59. For his visit to Hollywood and the exchanges with Korda, see John Fleet, ‘Alexander Korda: Churchill’s Man in Hollywood’, in Finest Hour, no. 179, Winter 2018, pp. 12–15, and, in the same issue, Churchill’s description of Hollywood from the Daily Telegraph.
9. Taylor, Beaverbrook, p. 657.
10. Winston S. Churchill, My African Journey, pp. 3–8, 21–2; also Randolph S. Churchill, Young Statesman, pp. 221–38.
11. Churchill to Montagu, 8 October 1921, and Montagu’s reply, 12 October 1921, in Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,644–50.
12. The Times, 29 September 1921; Ronald Hyam, ‘Churchill and the British Empire’, in Blake and Louis (eds), Churchill, pp. 167–85. The Times, 30 November 1921; Churchill to Curzon, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, 9 November 1921, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,665–6; Grey, quoted in Rhodes James, Churchill, p. 45.
13. Churchill to Sir John Shuckburgh, 12 November 1921, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,668–9.
14. Gilbert, World in Torment, p. 639.
15. The Times, 18 October 1921.
16. Stafford, Roosevelt and Churchill, pp. 68–9.
17. Gilbert, World in Torment, p. 62.
18. The Times, 12 November 1921.
19. The Times, ‘Mr. Churchill’s Fortune’, 17 November 1921; Washington Post, 3 December 1921, in CHPC 2/2/288, Churchill Archive.
17 ‘THE DARK HORSE OF ENGLISH POLITICS’
1. Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 157.
2. Clementine Churchill to her husband, 18 February, 11 July 1921, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, pp. 232, 238.
3. Quoted in Forester, Michael Collins, p. 220; see also for Crompton and Moya Llewellyn Davies, Coogan, Michael Collins, pp. 108–9, 284–6. Moya Llewellyn Davies later claimed to have had a sexual liaison with Collins, but this is much disputed. See her entry in the Dictionary of Irish Biography. For her husband Crompton, see Lubenow, The Cambridge Apostles, 1820–1914, pp. 195–6; also his obituary in The Times, 25 November 1935; The Times, 11 December 1921; Walsh, Bitter Freedom, p. 311; and Slinn, Clifford Chance, pp. 71–3.
4. For Birkenhead and Chamberlain’s crucial role, see Campbell, F. E. Smith, pp. 549–85; Maclaren, Empire and Ireland, pp. 239–43.
5. Gilbert, World in Torment, pp. 669–73.
6. Winston S. Churchill, ‘The Irish Treaty’, in Thoughts and Adventures, p. 167; Hart, Mick, p. 29; Clementine to her husband, 5 January 1935, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 367.
7. Lavery, The Life of a Painter, p. 213.
8. McCoole, Hazel, p. 74.
9. Leslie, Long Shadows, p. 228; see also Coogan, Michael Collins, p. 288.
10. Coogan, Michael Collins, pp. 288–9; McCoole, Hazel, pp. 63–82.
11. Taylor, Michael Collins, p. 155.
12. Churchill, ‘The Irish Treaty’, p. 170; Jones, Whitehall Diary, p. 157; Mowat, Britain Between the Wars, p. 90; Coogan, Michael Collins, pp. 252–9. Owen, Tempestuous Journey, p. 583; The Times, 27 October 1921.
13. Toye, Churchill’s Empire, p. 50; Norwich (ed.), The Duff Cooper Diaries 1915–1951, entry for 5 November 1921, p. 153.
14. Clementine to Winston, 5 January 1935, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 367.
15. Churchill, The Aftermath, p. 321; Childers’ Diary, 5 December 1921, quoted in Hart, Mick, pp. 317–18; Sir Henry Wilson Diary, 5 December 1921, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, p. 1,648; Wilson (ed.), The Political Diaries of C. P. Scott 1911–1928, pp. 406–7. For the meeting in the Long Gallery at Chequers, see Jones, Whitehall Diary, pp. 176–7.
16. Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 673–7; for full details see Frank Pakenham (Lord Longford), Peace by Ordeal, Appendix 1, pp. 288–93; Campbell, F. E. Smith, p. 572; McCoole, Hazel, p. 84.
18 FLEETING SHADOWS
1. Churchill, Great Contemporaries, p. 132.
2. Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 142; Bennett, Churchill’s Man of Mystery, p. 55.
3. Sidebotham, Pillars of the State, p. 96.
4. Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, pp. 136–7; Michael Heller, ‘Krassin-Savinkov: Une rencontre secrète’, in Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique, Janv–Mars 1985, pp. 63–8; David Watson, ‘The Krassin–Savinkov Meeting of 10 December 1921’, ibid, juillet–décembre 1986, pp. 461–70; Spence, Savinkov, passim; David Footman, ‘Boris V. Savinkov’, History T
oday, 1958, pp. 73–82; for Lloyd George and the background to Genoa, see Andrew Williams, ‘The Genoa Conference of 1922: Lloyd George and the Politics of Recognition’, in Fink et al. (eds), Genoa, Rapallo, and European Reconstruction in 1922, pp. 29–40.
5. Churchill to Curzon, 24 December 1921, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,699–711; see also Gilbert, World in Torment, pp. 760–1.
6. Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, p. 147. In 1941, in deference to his wartime Soviet ally Stalin, he had his essay on Savinkov removed from that year’s edition of Great Contemporaries, along with that on Trotsky.
7. Vera R. Weizmann to Churchill, 2 December 1921, and E. Marsh to Mrs Vera R. Weizmann, 5 December 1921, in CHAR 2/118/ 22, 35.
8. The Rev. T. Gordon Sharpe to Churchill, 9 December 1921, Churchill to Cox & Co, 19 December 1921, in CHAR 1/151/51–55; The Times, 13 December 1921.
9. The Times, 9 December 1921.
10. Rhodes James (ed.), Winston S. Churchill, pp. 3,146–57.
11. Gilbert, World in Torment, p. 681; The Sunday Times, 18 December 1921; McCoole, Hazel, p. 83.
12. Ibid, pp. 681–3.
13. Headlam-Morley to Churchill, 10 December 1921, in CHART 8/40/199; Churchill to Clementine, 29 December 1921, in Gilbert, Companion Volume, pp. 1,706–7.
14. Churchill to Clementine, 4 January 1922, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 246; Gilbert, World in Torment, pp. 761–2.
15. Clementine to Churchill, 27 December 1921, in CHAR 1/139/93–106, summarized in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 243; Churchill to Clementine, 29 December 1921, in ibid, p. 244.
16. Churchill’s obituary statement on Ritchie, 3 December 1921, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 3, pp. 1,683–4.
17. Churchill to Clementine, 1 January 1922, in Soames, Winston and Clementine, p. 245.
EPILOGUE: ‘HE WOULD MAKE A GREAT PRIME MINISTER’
1. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1, p. 21; Bew, Churchill and Ireland, pp. 7, 31.
2. Churchill to Clementine, 27 January 1922, in CSCT 2/14/1; Gilbert, World in Torment, p. 795.
3. Ibid, pp. 758, 791–2. Lord Ranksborough, formerly Major-General John Brocklehurst who had been present during the Siege of Ladysmith and was the Liberal whip in the House of Lords, died in February 1921; for Churchill’s comment, see CHAR 2/115/3.
4. See her file in KV 2 1033, National Archives, Leslie, Cousin Clare, p. 249. The bust now stands in the hall at Chartwell.
5. Bennett, Churchill’s Man of Mystery, p. 62; Stafford, Churchill and Secret Service, pp. 146, 185.
6. Soames, Churchill: His Life as a Painter, p. 199.
7. Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures, p. 213.
8. For the parliamentary machinations leading up to this, see Jenkins, Churchill, pp. 370–92.
9. Quoted in Gilbert, World in Torment, pp. 890–1, 909.
10. Begbie [‘A Gentleman with a Duster’], The Mirrors of Downing Street, pp. 121–7.
11. Begbie’s leaflet ‘To the Women Electors of Dundee’ is to be found in the National Library of Scotland. It took many years for Churchill’s instructions to Hong Kong to be enforced locally.
12. Scott, Winston Churchill in Peace and War, pp. 252, 154–5.
13. Addison, Politics from Within, p. 128; Morgan and Morgan, Portrait of a Progressive, p. 9. In the 1930s Churchill was to ensure that Addison, by then a Labour peer and fellow opponent of appeasement, should be supplied with inside information on air defences; ibid, p. 229.
14. Diary of Alexander MacCallum Scott, 5 March 1927, in MSG 1465/22, University of Glasgow. I am grateful to Cameron Hazlehurst for bringing these words to my attention.
15. Bonham Carter, Winston Churchill as I Knew Him, passim.
16. D’Abernon, Red Cross and Berlin Embassy, pp. 8, 65–6. For her previous encounters with Churchill, see Shelden, Young Titan, p. 160; Randolph S. Churchill, Young Statesman, p. 197; Churchill to Lady Lytton, 19 September 1907, in Churchill and Gilbert, Companion Volume, vol. IV, pt 2, p. 679.
17. Quoted in Davenport-Hines, Ettie, p. 337.
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