279 “This sort of storm”: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 650.
280 “redcoat gentry”: George Washington to John Washington, October 13, 1775, in PGW, II, 161.
281 Pews were torn out: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 148–149.
282 “We have plays”: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 651.
283 “In the midst of these horrors”: Margaret Wheeler Willard, ed., Letters on the American Revolution: 1774–1776 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 255.
284 “We must get through”: James Grant to Edward Harvey, November 29, 1775, James Grant Papers, LOC.
285 “very elegant playhouse”: Margaret Wheeler Willard, ed., Letters on the American Revolution: 1774–1776 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 255.
286 The Blockade: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 634.
287 “But soon finding”: George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those Who Fought and Lived It (New York: Da Capo Press, 1957), 97.
288 “Turn out!”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six: The Story of the American Revolution as Told by Participants, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 166.
289 Billy Howe’s Cleopatra: Thomas Fleming, 1776: Year of Illusions (New York: Norton, 1975), 63.
290 “Joshua had a handsome wife”: Thomas Jones, History of New York During the Revolutionary War, I (New York: New-York Historical Society, 1879), 351.
291 “one of those brave”: Richard M. Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1973), 94.
292 “to go a step further”: Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The American Revolution, I (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1899), 306.
293 “The success is too dearly bought”: Thomas J. Fleming, Now We Are Enemies: The Story of Bunker Hill (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1960), 330.
294 “I do not in the least”: Ibid., 235.
295 “proper army”: Troyer Anderson, Command of the Howe Brothers During the American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1936), 116.
296 “The reflection upon my situation”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, January 14, 1776, in PGW, III, 89.
297 “We have not at this time”: Ibid.
298 “I have often thought”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, January 14, 1776, in PGW, III, 89–90.
299 “undoubted intelligence”: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, January 7, 1776, in PGW, III, 51.
300 “vast importance”: Nathanael Greene to Samuel Ward, January 4, 1776, in PNG, I, 177.
301 “stretching”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26–March 9, 1776, in PGW, III, 372.
302 “a kind of key”: John Adams to George Washington, January 6, 1776, in PGW, III, 37.
303 “put the city”: George Washington to Charles Lee, January 8, 1776, in PGW, III, 53.
304 “indispensable necessity”: George Washington, Council of War, January 16, 1776, in PGW, III, 103.
305 “the eyes of the whole continent”: George Washington to John Hancock, February 18–21, 1776, in PGW, III, 336.
306 “present feeble state”: George Washington, Council of War, January 18, 1776, in PGW, III, 133.
307 guns Knox: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 655; North Callahan, Henry Knox: George Washington’s General (South Brunswick, Maine: A. S. Barnes, 1958), 40–41.
308 “the utmost difficulty”: “Ticonderoga Diary of Henry Knox,” New England Historical and Genealogical Register, XXX (1876), 323.
309 “rowing exceeding hard”: Ibid.
310 “beating all the way”: William Knox to Henry Knox, December 14, 1775, NYHS.
311 “It is not easy to conceive”: Henry Knox to George Washington, December 17, 1775, in PGW, II, 563.
312 “I most earnestly beg”: Henry Knox to Captain Palmer, December 12, 1775, NYHS.
313 “Trusting that”: Henry Knox to George Washington, December 17, 1775, in PGW, II, 564.
314 “We shall cut”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, December 17, 1775, NYHS.
315 “cruel thaw”: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 655.
316 “Our cavalcade”:John Becker, The Sexagenary; or, Reminiscences of the American Revolution (Albany, N.Y.: J. Munsell, 1866), 30.
317 “The thaw has been so grave”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, January 5, 1776, NYHS.
318 “This morning I had the satisfaction”: Philip Schuyler to George Washington, January 5–7, 1776, in PGW, III, 34.
319 “owing to the assistance”: Henry Knox Diary, January 8, 1776, MHS.
320 “from which we might almost”: Ibid., January 10, 1776.
321 “It appeared to me”: Ibid.
322 “We were the great gainers”: John Becker, The Sexagenary; or Reminiscences of the American Revolution (Albany, N.Y.: J. Munsell, 1866), 34.
323 Henry Knox to George Washington, December 17, 1775, in PGW, II, 564.
324 “My business increases”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776, in PGW, III, 172–173.
325 “obliged to use art”: Ibid., February 10, 1776, 287.
326 “Great activity”: James Thacher, M.D., January 22, 1776, Military Journal During the American Revolutionary War, July 1775 to February 17, 1777 (Boston: Richardson & Lord, 1823), 45–46.
327 two mounted British officers:Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 648.
328 “stroke well aimed”: George Washington, Council of War, February 16, 1776, in PGW, III, 321.
329 “Perhaps a greater question”: Council of War, February 16, 1776, in PGW, III, 323, n. 5.
330 “He is still as hard as ever”: Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The American Revolution, I (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1926), 358.
331 “as yellow as saffron”: Nathanael Greene to Jacob Greene, February 8, 1776, in PNG, I, 193.
332 “horrible if it succeeded”: Ibid., February 15, 1776, 194.
333 “Behold!”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26–March 9, 1776, in PGW, III, 370.
334 “now at an end”: Ibid.
335 “impenetrable as a rock”: George Washington to John Washington, March 31, 1776, in PGW, III, 567.
336 fortifications: Allen French, First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 656–657.
337 “screwed hay”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26–March 9, 1776, in PGW, III, 371.
338 “a very high opinion”: George Washington to Artemus Ward, March 3, 1776, in PGW, III, 409.
339 “It is generally thought”: Sarah Hodgkins to Joseph Hodgkins, in Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds., This Glorious Cause: The Adventures of Two Company Officers in Washington’s Army (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 193–194.
340 “The preparations increase”: Abigail Adams to John Adams, February 21, 1776, in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence, I (Cambridge Mass.: Belknap Press, 1963), 350.
341 “I have been in a continual state”: Ibid., March 2, 1776, 352–353.
342 “Proceed, great chief”: PGW, II, 243.
343 “I thank you most sincerely”: George Washington to Phyllis Wheatley, February 28, 1776, in PGW, III, 387.
344 “bring on a rumpus”: George Washington to Burwell Bassett, February 28, 1776, in PGW, III, 386.
345 “Junius”: Lachlan Campbell, “British Journal from Aboard Ship in Boston Commencing January 1776 and Then Moving to New York,” NYHS.
346 “As the season is now fast approaching”: George Washington, General Orders, February 27, 1776, in PGW, III, 379.
347 “Remember barrels”: George
Washington to Artemas Ward, March 2, 1776, in PGW, III, 401.
348 “The house shakes”:Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 2, 1776, in L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence, I (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1963), 353.
349 “The inhabitants were in a horrid situation”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 182.
350 “Our shells raked the houses”: Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed., Correspondence and Journals of Samuel Blachley Webb, 1772–1775, I (Lancaster, Pa.: Wickersham Press, 1893), 134.
351 “covering party”: William Gordon to Samuel Wilcon, April 6, 1776, Proceedings of the MHS, LX (October 1926–June 1927), 362.
352 “The whole procession”: James Thacher, M. D., March 4, 1776, in Military Journal During the American Revolutionary War, July 1775 to February 17, 1777 (Boston: Richardson & Lord, 1823), 46.
353 “vast number of large bundles”: Ibid., March 5, 1776, 46–47.
354 “A finer [night] for working”: William Gordon to Samuel Wilcon, April 6, 1776, Proceedings of the MHS, LX (October 1926–June 1927), 363.
355 Recounting the night’s events: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 659.
356 “Perhaps there never was”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 49.
357 “My God, these fellows”: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 660.
358 “a most astonishing night’s work”: Archibald Robertson, March 4, 1776, in Archibald Robertson: His Diaries and Sketches in America, 1762–1780 (New York: New York Public Library, 1930), 74.
359 number at 14,000: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 660.
360 “This is, I believe”: London Chronicle, May 15, 1776.
361 “utmost consternation”: George Washington to Charles Lee, March 14, 1776, in PGW, III, 467.
362 “the most serious step”: Archibald Robertson, March 5, 1776, in Archibald Robertson (New York: New York Public Library, 1930), 74.
363 “We saw distinctly”: Theodore Sizer, ed., The Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1953), 23.
364 “Each man knows his place”: James Thacher, M.D., March 5, 1776, in Military Journal During the American Revolutionary War, July 1775 to February 17, 1777 (Boston: Richardson & Lord, 1823), 47.
365 “ ‘remember it is the fifth of March’ ”: William Gordon to Samuel Wilcon, April 6, 1776, Proceedings of the MHS, LX (October 1926–June 1927), 363.
366 “never saw spirits higher”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26–March 9, 1776, in PGW, III, 374.
367 “pretty fresh”: William Gordon to Samuel Wilcon, April 6, 1776, Proceedings of the MHS, LX (October 1926–June 1927), 364.
368 “that ever I was exposed to”: Isaac Bangs, April 1, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 12.
369 “kind Heaven”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 50.
370 “It is now eight o’clock”: Archibald Robertson, March 5, 1776, in Archibald Robertson (New York: New York Public Library, 1930), 74.
371 “more than to make a parade”: Isaac Bangs, April 1, 1776, Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 12.
372 “Indeed, we had often talked”: James Grant to General Harvey, March 26, 1776, James Grant Papers, LOC.
373 “I determined upon an immediate”: K. G. Davies, ed., Documents of the American Revolution, 1770–1783, Colonial Office Series, XII (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1976), 82.
374 “contrary”: Ibid.
375 “Never [were] troops”: London Chronicle, May 15, 1776.
376 “Nothing but hurry and confusion”: Anne Rowe Cunningham, ed., Letters and Diary of John Rowe, Boston Merchant, 1759–1762, 1764–1779 (Boston: W. B. Clarke Co., 1903), 301.
377 “This day”: Josef and Dorothy Berger, eds., Diary of America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957), 112.
378 “I told General Howe”: James Grant to General Harvey, March 26, 1776, James Grant Papers, LOC.
379 “The necessary care”: Thomas G. Frothingham, History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill (New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), 302.
380 “no intention of destroying”: Ibid., 303.
381 “Such a firing”: Isaac Bangs, April 1, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 13.
382 “cathartic”: John Rhodehamel, ed., The American Revolution (New York: Library of America, 2001), 122.
383 “great movements and confusion”: George Washington to John Hancock, March 7–9, 1776, in PGW, III, 424.
384 “It is not easy to paint”: James H. Stark, The Loyalists of Massachusetts and the Other Side of the American Revolution (Boston: W. B. Clarke Co., 1910), 348.
385 “goods left in my house”: Loyalist Claims, Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London, Eng.
386 “the horrid crime of rebellion”: Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 350.
387 “Upon the whole”: James H. Stark, The Loyalists of Massachusetts and the Other Side of the American Revolution (Boston: W. B. Clarke Company, 1910), 311.
388 “I found I could not stay”: Catherine S. Crary, The Price of Loyalty: Tory Writings from the Revolutionary Era (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973), 125.
389 “first and chief objective”: Memoir of William MacAlpine, Loyalist Claims, Public Records Office, Kew Gardens, London, Eng.
390 Margaret Draper: Lorenzo Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, I (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennicat Press, 1966), 387.
391 “discarded” mistress:Alfred E. Jones, The Loyalists of Massachusetts (London: St. Catherine Press, 1930), xvii.
392 “men, women, and children”: Allen French, The First Year of the American Revolution (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934), 665.
393 “I am informed”: Thomas G. Frothingham, History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill (New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), 306.
394 “a conceited New York Tory”: Ibid., 307.
395 “There never was such destruction”: Anne Rowe Cunningham, ed., Letters and Diary of John Rowe, Boston Merchant, 1759–1762, 1764–1779 (Boston: W. B. Clarke Co., 1903), 302.
396 “Soldiers and sailors”: Joseph Berger and Dorothy Berger, eds., Diary of America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957), 112.
397 “Fine weather”: Journal of Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Kemble, 1783–1789 (Boston: Gregg Press, 1972), 73.
398 “The finest day”: Archibald Robertson, March 17, 1776, in Archibald Robertson: Diaries and Sketches in America, 1762–1780 (New York: New York Public Library, 1930), 80.
399 “In the course of the forenoon” James Thacher, M.D., March 8–21, 1776, in Military Journal During the American Revolutionary War, July 1775 to February 17, 1777 (Boston: Richardson & Lord, 1823), 49.
400 “Surely it is the Lord’s doings”: Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 16, 1776, in Adams Family Correspondence, I (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1963), 360.
401 “thorough New England man”: William Cooper to John Adams, April 22, 1776, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution, IV, William Bell Clark, ed. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Navy, 1969), 1192.
402 “suffered greatly”: George Washington to John Hancock, March 19, 1776, in PGW, III, 490.
403 “Though I believe”: John Sullivan to John Adams, March 15–19, 1776, in Papers of John Adams, IV, Robert J. Taylor, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.
: Belknap Press, 1979), 55.
404 “lurking”: James Thacher, M.D., March 22, 1776, Military Journal During the American Revolutionary War, July 1775 to February 17, 1777 (Boston: Richardson & Lord, 1823), 50.
405 “amazingly strong”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, March 19, 1776, in PGW, III, 494.
406 “We do not know where”: London Chronicle, May 4–6, 1776.
407 “You know the proverbial expression”: Ibid.
408 “Gentlemen, not one of you”: Clifford K. Shipton, ed., Sibley’s Harvard Graduates: 1756–1760, XIV (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1968), 153–154.
409 “The joy of our friends”: New Haven Journal, March 27, 1776.
410 “were completely disgraced”: Constitutional Gazette, March 30, 1776.
411 “To the wisdom”: Philadelphia Evening Post, March 30, 1776.
412 “Those pages in the annals”: John Hancock to George Washington, April 2, 1776, in PGW, IV, 16.
413 “What an occurrence”: Paul H. Smith, ed., Letters of the Delegates to Congress, III (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976–1979), 440.
414 “Let this transaction be dressed”: Thomas G. Frothingham, History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill (New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), 323.
415 “with so little effusion”: Address from the Boston Selectmen, March 1776, in PGW, III, 571.
416 “hear from different quarters”: George Washington to John Washington, March 31, 1776, in PGW, III, 569.
417 “We have maintained”: Ibid., 566.
418 “I believe I may”: Ibid., 569.
419 “utmost wish”: Ibid., 567.
420 “lament or repine at any act”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, February 26–March 9, 1776, in PGW, III, 373.
421 “Unhappy wretches!”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, April 1, 1776, in PGW, IV, 12.
422 “By all accounts”: Ibid., 11.
423 “I am hurried”: Ibid., 9.
424 “What may be their views”: John Hancock to George Washington, March 25, 1776, in PGW, III, 532.
425 “My countrymen, I know”: George Washington to Joseph Reed, April 1, 1776, PGW, IV, 11.
426 “The sun never shined”: Thomas Paine, “Rights of Man” and “Common Sense” (New York: Knopf, 1994), 265.
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