427 “for I expect that I shall march”: John Lapham to his parents, March 17, 1776, published in the Boston Transcript, March 17, 1928, Allen French Papers, MHS.
4. The Lines Are Drawn
428 “with great expedition”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 53.
429 “hasten his march”: George Washington to John Hancock, April 1, 1776, in PGW, IV, 7.
430 “as speedily as possible”: George Washington’s Orders and Instructions to Henry Knox, April 3, 1776, in PGW, IV, 23–24.
431 “extreme hurry”: See, for example, George Washington to Joseph Reed, April 23, 1776, in PGW, IV, 115.
432 “at great speed”: John Greenwood, Revolutionary Services of John Greenwood of Boston and New York, 1775–1783, Isaac J. Greenwood, ed. (New York: De Vinne Press, 1922), 25.
433 “wet weather”: Solomon Nash Diary, March 31–April 7, 1776, NYHS.
434 “I am willing to serve”: Joseph Hodgkins to Sarah Hodgkins, March 20, 1776, in Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds., This Glorious Cause: The Adventures of Two Company Officers in Washington’s Army (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 195.
435 “I am a good deal tired”: Ibid., April 10, 1776, 198.
436 “troble”: Ibid., April 4, 1776, 197.
437 “I never spent”: Joseph Plumb Martin, A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier (New York: Penguin, 2001), 16.
438 There was scarcely a militia man: John Adlum, Memoirs of the Life of John Adlum in the Revolutionary War, Howard H. Peckham, ed. (Chicago: Caxton Club, 1968), 12.
439 “What to do with the city?”: Charles Lee to George Washington, February 19, 1776, in PGW, III, 340.
440 “vast importance”: John Adams to George Washington, January 6, 1776, in PGW, III, 37.
441 “to exert myself to the utmost”: George Washington to John Hancock, April 1, 1776, in PGW, IV, 7.
442 “internal foes”: George Washington to Philip Schuyler, January 27, 1776, in PGW, III, 203.
443 “We are involved”: “Sermon of Rev. John Rodgers, Jan. 14, 1776,” New York Times, March 16, 2003.
444 “We have nothing”: George Washington to John Adams, April 15, 1776, in PGW, IV, 67.
445 “When they were ordered”: Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The American Revolution, II (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1899), 184.
446 “The appearance of things”: Alexander Graydon, Memoirs of His Own Time, John Stockton Littell, ed. (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1846), 147.
447 “unwarlike”: Ibid., 156.
448 “not entirely come up”: Ibid., 140.
449 “But even in this regiment”: Ibid., 149.
450 “It will require”: Alan Valentine, Lord Stirling (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969), 170.
451 population of perhaps 20,000: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part 1, 36.
452 “The inhabitants”: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island 1498–1909, I (New York: Arno Press, 1967), 862.
453 “principle streets”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, January 5, 1776, NYHS.
454 “The people”: Ibid.
455 “This city York”: Joseph Hodgkins to Sarah Hodgkins, April 24, 1776, in Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds., This Glorious Cause (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 199.
456 “excessive dear”: Ibid., May 9, 1776, 201.
457 “They have all the simplicity”: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part II, 132.
458 “their civility”: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909, I (New York: Arno Press, 1967), 926–927.
459 “But alas, swearing abounds”: Philip Vickers Fithian, July 24, 1776, in Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, 1775–1776, Written on the Virginia-Pennsylvania Frontier and in the Army Around New York, Robert Greenhalgh Albion and Leonidas Dodson, eds. (Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1934), 194.
460 “The design was in imitation”: Isaac Bangs, April 19, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 25.
461 twenty or more churches: Ibid., April 21, April 28, and June 8, 1776, 28, 30, 31, 41.
462 “pomp”: Ibid., April 28, 1776, 31.
463 Quaker meeting: Ibid., June 30, 1776, 54.
464 Holy Ground: Ibid., April 25, 1776, 29.
465 five hundred prostitutes: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909, I (New York: Arno Press, 1967), 862.
466 “When I visited them”: Isaac Bangs, April 19, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 29.
467 “castrated in a barbarous manner”: Ibid., 30.
468 “an old whore”: Ibid., 31.
469 “riotous behavior”: George Washington, General Orders, April 27, 1776, in PGW, IV, 140.
470 “disguised with liquor”: George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, eds., Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those Who Fought and Lived It (New York: Da Capo Press, 1957), 147.
471 “these bitchfoxly”: Loammi Baldwin to May Baldwin, June 12, 1776, Baldwin Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, eds., The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six, I (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958), 420–421.
472 “growing sickly”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 56.
473 “advantageous”: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 57.
474 ferryboats to and from Brooklyn: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909, I (New York: Arno Press, 1967), 846.
475 “For should the enemy”: Charles Lee to George Washington, February 19, 1776, in PGW, III, 339–340.
476 “veterans at least”: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 78.
477 “constant duty”: Nathanael Greene, General Orders, May 5, 1776, in PNG, 1, 212.
478 “Old Snarl”: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 79.
479 “We have done”: George Washington to Charles Lee, May 9, 1776, in PGW, IV, 245.
480 “every street”: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909, I (New York: Arno Press, 1967), 923.
481 diary of the Massachusetts soldier: Solomon Nash Diary, NYHS.
482 “inspire those engaged”: Nathanael Greene to John Adams, May 24, 1776, in PNG, I, 219.
483 “the very soul”: Ibid., June 2, 1776, 224.
484 “Suppose this army”: Ibid., 226.
485 “The future happiness”: Henry Knox to John Adams, May 16, 1776, in Papers of John Adams, IV, Robert J. Taylor, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1979), 190.
486 “Gen Green[e] and Lady”: Nathanael and Catharine Greene to Henry and Lucy Knox, June 1776, in PNG, I, 245.
487 “not to suffer”: George Washington, General Orders, May 20, 1776, in PGW, IV, 343.
488 “lay upon”: Ibid., May 7, 1776, 224.
489 with the “utmost expedition”: George Washington to Israel Putnam, May 21, 1776, in PGW, IV, 355.
490 “Through Broadway”: Isaac Bangs, June 6, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 40.
491 “It is so entirely”: Joseph Reed to Esther Reed, June 21, 1776, NYHS.
492 Loyalist plot: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 92, n. 2.
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493 “We had some grand”: George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, eds., Rebels and Redcoats (New York: Da Capo Press, 1957), 146.
494 “very unhappy”: Ewald Shewkirk Diary, in Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part II, 108.
495 “I wish twenty more”: Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds., This Glorious Cause: (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 210.
496 “I declare”: George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, eds., Rebels and Redcoats (New York: Da Capo Press, 1957), 148.
497 “You can scarcely conceive”: Henry Knox to William Knox, July 11, 1776, NYHS.
498 “My God, may I never”: Ibid.
499 “The great being”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 11, 1776, NYHS.
500 “10,000 troops”: Nathanael Greene to George Washington, July 5, 1776, in PNG, I, 248.
501 “hourly”: Chauncey Ford Worthington, ed., Correspondence and Journals of Samuel Blachley Webb, 1772–1775, I (Lancaster, Pa.: Wickersham Press, 1893), 152.
502 “in commotion”: Ewald Shewkirk Diary, in Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part II, 109.
503 “I am of opinion”: Moses Little to his son, July 6, 1776, in Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part II, 42.
504 “The whole choir”: Isaac Bangs, July 6, 1776, in Journal of Lieutenant Isaac Bangs, April 1–July 29, 1776, Edward Bangs, ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson & Son, 1890), 56.
505 “That our affairs”: John Hancock to George Washington, July 6, 1776, in PGW, V, 219.
506 “The eyes of all America”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 8, 1776, NYHS.
507 “We are in the very midst”: Charles Francis Adams, ed., The Works of John Adams, IX (Boston: Little, Brown, 1856), 391.
508 “skiff made of paper”: John Dickinson, July 1, 1776, in Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789, Paul H. Smith, ed., IV (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1979), 352.
509 “Thus the Congress”: Frank Bowditch Dexter, ed., Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, II (New York: Scribner, 1901), 21.
510 “fresh incentive”: George Washington, General Orders, July 9, 1776, in PGW, V, 246.
511 “The general hopes”: Ibid.
512 The formal readings: New York Gazette, July 22, 1776.
513 “to assimilate with the brains”: Frank Moore, Diary of the American Revolution, I (New York: Scribner, 1860), 271.
514 “a complete view”: Joseph Plumb Martin, A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier (New York: Penguin, 2001), 18.
515 “shot away our starb[oa]rd”: William James Morgan, ed., Naval Documents of the American Revolution, V (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Navy, 1970), 1038.
516 “Such unsoldierly conduct”: George Washington, General Orders, July 13, 1776, in PGW, V, 290.
517 “impetuous”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 13, 1776, NYHS.
518 “[We] are in very comfortable”: Margaret Wheeler Willard, Letters on the American Revolution: 1774–1776 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 341; and William Carter, A Genuine Detail of the Several Engagements, Positions and Movements of Royal and American Armies During the Years 1775 and 1776 (London: Printed for the Author, 1784), 32.
519 “We have now a very good supply”: Margaret Wheeler Willard, ed., Letters on the American Revolution: 1774–1776 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 345.
520 “It excited one’s sympathy”: Ambrose Serle, July 23, 1776, in The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 40.
521 “no believing”: Charles Stuart to Lord Bute, July 9, 1776, in A Prime Minister and His Son: From the Correspondence of the Third Earl of Bute and of Lieutenant General the Honorable Sir Charles Stuart, The Honorable Mrs. E. Stuart Wortley, ed. (London: John Murray, 1925), 83.
522 “The inhabitants”: James Grant to Edward Harvey, July 9, 1776, James Grant Papers, LOC.
523 “I met with Governor Tryon”: Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 139, n. 1.
524 “the villainy and the madness”: Ambrose Serle, July 12, 1776, in The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 30.
525 “A more impudent”: Ibid., July 13, 1776, 31.
526 “The troops hold them”: Ambrose Serle, July 13, 1776, in The American Journalof Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 30.
527 “The fair nymphs”: Francis, Lord Rawdon, to Francis, 10th Earl of Huntingdon, August 5, 1776, in Report on the Manuscripts of the late Reginald Rawdon Hastings, III (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1930–1947), 179–180.
528 “we shall soon”: Ibid., January 13, 1776, 167.
529 “Our only fear”: Margaret Wheeler Willard, ed., Letters on the American Revolution: 1774–1776 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 344–45.
530 “flushed with the idea”: Troyer Steele Anderson, The Command of the Howe Brothers During the American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1936), 121.
531 “Black Dick”: George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, eds., Rebels and Redcoats (New York: Da Capo Press, 1957), 156.
532 “turned upon military affairs”: Ambrose Serle, July 13, 1776, in The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 31.
533 letter addressed to “George Washington”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 15, 1776, and July 22, 1776, MHS; Henry P. Johnston, The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn: Long Island Historical Society, 1878), Part I, 97–98.
534 “So high is the vanity”: Ambrose Serle, July 14, 1776, in The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 33.
535 “very handsomely dressed”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 22, 1776, NYHS.
536 “the greatest politeness”: Joseph Reed to Charles Pettit, July 15, 1776, in Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed, 1 (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1847), 207.
537 “awe-struck”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, July 22, 1776, NYHS.
538 one of the great actors of the age: David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 593.
539 “interview”: K. G. Davies, ed., Documents of the American Revolution, 1770–1783, Colonial Office Series, XII (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1976), 179.
540 “No air”: Ambrose Serle, July 28, 1776, in The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778, Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed. (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 49.
541 “I generally rise”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, August 2, 1776, NYHS.
542 “a very fine appearance”: Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed., The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778 (San Marino, Calif.: The Huntington Library, 1940), 52.
543 “We have had so many arrivals”: Ibid., 54.
544 “It is a mere point”: Joseph Reed to Charles Pettit, August 4, 1776, NYHS.
545 “My opinion is”: Ibid.
546 “I shrink and tremble”: Henry Knox to William Knox, August 5, 1776, NYHS.
547 harbor under full canvas: Edward H. Tatum, Jr., ed., The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, 1776–1778 (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1940), 62.
548 “When I look down”: Joseph Reed to Esther Reed, August 9, 1776, NYHS.
549 “coming in almost every day”: Joseph Hodgkins to Sarah Hodgkins, July 17, 1776, in Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds., This Glorious Cause (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 209.
550 “the Delaware Blues”: Charles M. Lefferts, Uniforms of the American, British, French, and Germa
n Armies of the War of the American Revolution (New York: New-York Historical Society, 1926), 26.
551 “Some have got ten”: Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The American Revolution, II (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1899), 190–191.
552 “a good many of our people”: Joseph Hodgkins to Sarah Hodgkins, August 11, 1776, in Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, eds.,This Glorious Cause (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 212.
553 “Sickness prevails”: John Waldo to his parents, August 3, 1776, in The New York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 2, 1776, to December 15, 1777, W. H. Sabine, ed. (New York: Colburn & Tegg, 1954), 12.
554 “The vile water”: Philip Vickers Fithian, July 19, 1776, in Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, 1775–76, Written on the Virginia-Pennsylvania Frontier and in the Army Around New York, Robert Greenhalgh Albion and Leonidas Dodson, eds. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1934), 190.
555 “One died this morning”: Ibid., July 22, 1776, 193.
556 “The general also forbids”: Nathanael Greene, General Orders, July 28, 1776, in PNG, I, 268.
557 “They desert in large bodies”: I. N. Phelps Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island, I (New York, Arno Press, 1967), 1002.
558 “In almost every barn”: William Heath, Heath’s Memoirs of the American War (New York: A. Wessels Co., 1904), 61.
559 “Under every disadvantage”: George Washington to John Hancock, August 8–9, 1776, in PGW, V, 627.
560 “season for action”: George Washington to John Hancock, September 8, 1776, in PGW, VI, 252.
561 “strangers to the ground”: Nathanael Greene to George Washington, August 15, 1776, in PGW, VI, 29.
562 “exceeding good spirits”: Ibid., 30.
563 the Phoenix and the Rose: William James Morgan, ed., Naval Documents of the American Revolution, VI (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Navy, 1972), 224–225.
564 “From the advantage”: William Tudor to John Adams, August 18, 1776, in Papers of John Adams, IV (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1979), 473.
565 “poor General Greene”: Henry Knox to Lucy Knox, August 26, 1776, NYHS.
566 “spirited and zealously attached”: George Washington to John Hancock, June 17, 1776, in PGW, V, 21.
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