Collected Works of Martin Luther
Page 554
163. We truly are weak sinners and must freely confess, being human, that our conversation is not always free from offense. But while we share this weakness with our enemies, we nevertheless do our duty diligently, by spreading God’s Word, by teaching the churches, by bettering the evil, by urging the right, by consoling the weak, by chiding the stubborn, and, in brief, by doing whatever duty God lays upon us.
164. On the other hand since our adversaries strive after nothing but hypocrisy and an outward show of holiness, so they add to the frailty which they have in common with us, the most grievous sins, because they do not follow their calling, but concern themselves with their honors and emoluments. They neglect the churches and suffer them to miserably decay. They condemn the true doctrine and teach idolatry. In short, in public life they are wise, but in their own sphere they are utterly foolish. This is the most destructive evil in the Church.
165. This is the first part of the story, and, in the preparation of his record, Moses has confined himself to the same. It is certain that Noah was a righteous man, gifted with many heroic virtues, and that he accomplished most important things both for the Church and for the State. It is not possible either to establish political communities or to found churches except by diligent effort. Life, in both these manifestations (I will say nothing of the management of the home) is beset with many dangers; for Satan, a liar and murderer, is the most relentless enemy of Church and State.
166. But Moses passes by all these achievements, not so much as alluding to them. He records but this one circumstance — that Noah became drunk and was scoffed at by his youngest son. He intended it as a valuable example, teaching pious souls to trust in God’s mercy. On the other hand, the proud, the lovers of cant, the sanctimonious, the wise-acres, — let them learn to fear God and beware of passing a reckless judgment upon others! As Manasseh the king declares, God displays in his saints both his wonders and his terrors “against wicked and sinful men.” This is illustrated in the case of Ham, who did not now first come to his downfall but had cherished this hate against his father for a long time, afterward to fill the world with idolatry.
Vs. 23-27. And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father’s nakedness. And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his youngest son had done unto him. And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
167. It is truly a beautiful and memorable example of respect to a father which Moses records in this passage. The sons might without sin have approached their father and covered him, while turning their faces toward him. What sin should it be if one, happening upon a nude person, should see what is before him without his will? Still the two sons do not do this. When they heard from their haughty and mocking brother what had happened to their father, they laid a garment upon both their shoulders, entered the tent with faces turned away (how admirable!), and lowering the garment backward, covered their father.
168. Who can fail to observe here the thoughtfulness of the will and Word of God, and reverence before the majesty of fatherhood, which God requires to be honored, not despised or mocked by children? God seems to approve this reverence and accept it as a most pleasing offering and the very noblest worship and obedience. But his utmost hatred rests upon Ham, who might have seen without sin what he saw, since it came to his view by chance, if only he had covered it up, if only he had remained silent about it, if only he had not shown himself to be pleased by the sin of his father. But he who despised God, the Word, and the order established by God, not only failed to cover his father with a garment, but even derided him and left him naked.
169. In describing the act of the two brothers Moses emphasizes the malice of Ham, who was filled with violent and satanic hatred against his father. Who of us, on finding a stranger lying by the wayside drunk and nude, would not at least cover him with his own coat to forestall disgrace? How much greater the demand in this case of a father! Ham, however, fails to do for his father, the highest ruler of the world, what common humanity teaches us to do for strangers. Moreover he publishes the circumstance joyfully, insulting his drunken father and making the sin of his father known to his brothers as if he had a piece of good news.
170. Moses, therefore, sets Ham before us as a fearful example, to be carefully taught in the churches, in order that young people may learn to respect their elders, rulers, and parents. Not on account of Noah, not on account of Ham, but on account of those to come — on our account — is this story written, and Ham, with his contempt for God and father, pictured in most repulsive colors.
171. Also the punishment of this wickedness is carefully set before us. Noah, looked upon by his son as a foolish, insane, and ridiculous old man, now steps forth in the majesty of a prophet, to announce to his son a divine revelation of future events. Truly does Paul declare that “power is made perfect in weakness” (2 Cor 12, 9); for the certainty characterizing Noah’s utterance is proof that he was filled with the Holy Spirit, notwithstanding that his son had mocked and despised him as one utterly deserted by the Holy Spirit.
172. I will not attempt here to settle the question above referred to (ch 5, §95) concerning the order of the sons of Noah, as to which of them was the first-born and which the youngest. A point more worthy of our attention is the fact that the Holy Spirit is so filled with strong wrath against that disobedient and scornful son that he does not even choose to call him by his own name, but calls him Canaan after the name of his son. Some say that, because God had desired to save Ham in the ark as one under his blessing the same as the others, he had no wish to curse him, but cursed Canaan instead, a curse which, nevertheless, could not but recoil upon Ham who had provoked it. Thus Ham’s name perishes here, since the Holy Spirit hates it, whose hatred is, indeed, a serious hatred. We read in the psalm, “I hate them with perfect hatred” (Ps 139, 22). When the Holy Spirit exercises his wrath, eternal death must follow.
173. Although Ham had sinned against his father in many ways, it is remarkable that the fruit of the first sin and the devil’s malice did not become manifest until the father lay drunk and bare. When, with this sin, the previous ones had attained to fullness of power and growth, the Holy Spirit condemned him, and, as a warning to others, also announced the infliction of impending, endless servitude.
V. 26. And he said, Blessed be Jehovah, the God of Shem; and let Canaan be his servant.
These are two sublime prophecies, worthy of close attention. They have significance in our time, though they were grossly garbled by the Jews. The Jews observe that Ham is cursed thrice; this fact they wrest to the glory of their own nation, promising themselves worldly dominion.
V.
HAM CURSED; SHEM AND JAPHETH BLESSED.
A.
THE CURSE PRONOUNCED UPON HAM 174-188.
1.
Why Ham was thrice cursed 174.
*
Disrespect of parents, pastors and authority signs of approaching misfortune 175.
2.
Way Ham disregarded the curse 176.
3.
Why Ham disregarded the curse 177-178.
4.
Ham’s temporal prosperity continued with his curse 179-181.
*
Faith alone grasps God’s threatenings and promises 180-181.
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Reason God postpones punishment and reward 181-182.
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The Papal Church is not the true Church 183.
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Believers have comfort in their tribulations 184-185.
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The pious have their kingdom here in faith 186.
5.
From this curse it is clear Noah was enlightened by the Holy Spirit 187.
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Were all Ham’s descendents cursed? 188.
B.
BLESSING PRONOUNCED UPON SHEM 189-191.
1.
2.
Why is it clothed in praise to God 190.
3.
This blessing proves that Noah possessed a precious light 191.
C.
BLESSING PRONOUNCED UPON JAPHETH 192-224.
1.
Why the form of Japheth’s blessing differed from that of Shem’s 192.
2.
Herein lies a special secret 193.
3.
The Jews’ false interpretation of this blessing 194.
4.
Relation of these two blessings to each other 195.
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The Jews’ false notion about Shem’s blessing 196.
5.
The order in which these blessings are enjoyed 197-198.
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The form God’s Church takes in this world 199.
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Divine promises and threatenings to be understood in a spiritual sense 199-200.
*
Ham and Cain resemble one another in their positions and works 201.
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The Turk and the Pope.
a.
What strengthens them in their opposition to the true Church 202.
*
How a Christian should conduct himself in times of misfortunes 203.
b.
The power and advantages of the Turk and Pope of no avail 204.
c.
Attitude of Church members to their pride 205-206.
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Why Ham’s name was not mentioned when he was cursed 207-208.
6.
The word dilatet the Latins use in explaining Japheth’s blessing 209-210.
a.
It is not in harmony with the Hebrew 209-210.
b.
Why all Latin interpreters use it 211.
c.
It does not fully express the sense of the Holy Spirit 212.
d.
What explanation should be given here 213-215.
7.
All descendents of Japheth partake of this blessing through the Gospel 216-217.
8.
Translations of Latin interpreters of this blessing are to be harmonized with the original text 218-219.
*
Ham’s name 220-221.
a.
Its meaning and reason his parents gave it to him 220.
b.
The hope of his parents in this name disappointed 221.
9.
It is ascribed to this promise that Germany in these last days received the light of the Gospel 222.
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Abraham had Noah as his teacher 223.
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The temporal prosperity of Ham’s family, and their wickedness 224.
V. HAM CURSED; SHEM AND JAPHETH BLESSED.
A. THE CURSE Pronounced Upon Ham.
174. But there is another reason for this repeatedly uttered curse. God cannot forget such great irreverence toward parents, nor does he suffer it to go unpunished. He requires that parents and rulers be regarded with reverence. He requires that elders be honored, commanding that one shall rise up before a hoary head (Lev 19, 32). And, speaking of ministers of the Word, he says, “He that despiseth you, despiseth me” (Mt 10, 40; Lk 10, 16).
175. Hence disobedience of parents is a sure indication that curse and disaster are close at hand. Likewise is contempt of ministers and of rulers punished. When the people of the primitive world began to deride the patriarchs and to hold their authority in contempt, the flood followed. When, among the people of Judah, the child began to behave himself proudly against the old man, as Isaiah has it (ch 3, 5), Jerusalem was laid waste and Judah went down. Such corruption of morals is a certain sign of impending evil. We justly fear for Germany a like fate when we look upon the prevailing disrespect for authority.
176. Let us, however, bear witness of a practice to which both Holy Writ and our experience testify. Because God delays the threatened punishment he is mocked and considered a liar. In this practice we should see the seal, as it were, to every prophecy. Ham hears that he is accursed; but inasmuch as the curse does not go into immediate effect, he securely despises and derides the same.
177. Thus did the first world hold Noah’s prophecy in ridicule when he spoke of the flood. Had they believed that such a punishment was close at hand, would they have gone on in a feeling of security? Would they not rather have repented and begun a better life? If Ham had believed that to be true which he heard from his father, he would have sought refuge in mercy and, confessing his crime, craved forgiveness. But he did neither; rather did he haughtily leave his father, to go to Babylon. There, with his posterity, he gave himself up to the building of a city and of a tower, and made himself lord of all Greater Asia.
178. What is the reason for this feeling of security? It lies in the fact that divine prophecies must be believed; they cannot be perceived by our senses, or by experience. This is true both of divine promises and of divine threats. Therefore the opposite always seems to the flesh to be true.
179. Ham is cursed by his father; but he lays hold upon the greater portion of the earth and establishes vast kingdoms. On the other hand, Shem and Japheth are blessed, but in comparison with Ham, they and their posterity are beggarly.
Where then are we to seek the truth of this prophecy? I answer: This prophecy and all others, whether they be promises or threats, cannot be understood by reason, but by faith alone. God delays both punishments and rewards; hence there is need of endurance. For “He that endureth to the end, the same shall be saved,” as Christ says (Mt 24, 13).
180. The life of all pious people is wholly of faith and hope. The evidence of our senses, history, and the way of the world, would teach us the opposite. Ham is cursed, yet he alone obtains dominion. Shem and Japheth are blessed, yet they alone bear reproach and affliction. Since both the promises and the threats of God reach out into the future, the issue must be awaited in faith. Habakkuk says (ch 2, 3), “It will surely come, it will not delay.”
181. Great is the wrath of the Holy Spirit which here prompts him to say of Ham, “A servant of servants shall he be;” that is, the lowest and vilest of slaves. But if you let history speak, you will see Ham rule in Canaan, whereas Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and others who followed, and had the blessing, lived like servants among the Canaanites. The Egyptians are Ham’s offspring, and how cruel was the servitude Israel suffered there!
182. How, then, was it true that Ham was cursed and Shem was blessed? In this way: The fulfillment of the promise and of the threat was in the future. This delay is ordained in order that the wicked may fill their measure of sin and may not be able to accuse God of having given them no room for repentance. On the other hand, when the righteous suffer at the hands of the unrighteous and become the servants of servants, they undergo such trial and discipline for the purpose of increasing in faith and in love toward God; so that, trained in manifold vexations and tribulations, they may attain the promise.
When the time was fulfilled, the might of Ham’s posterity was not great enough to withstand the posterity of Shem. Then, indeed, was fulfilled that curse which Ham and his posterity had so long despised and disbelieved.
183. It is much the same with us today. We have the true doctrine and the true worship. Hence we can boast that we are the true Church, having the promise of spiritual blessings in Christ. As the pope’s church condemns our doctrine, we know her to be not the Church of Christ but of Satan, and truly, like Ham, a “servant of servants.” And yet anyone may see that the pope rules, while we are servants and the off-scouring, as Paul says (1 Cor 4, 12).
184. What, then, shall we poor, oppressed people do? We are to comfort our souls meanwhile with our spiritual dominion. We know we have forgiveness of sins and a gracious God, through Christ, until also temporal freedom shall be vouchsafed on the last day. And we are not without traces of temporal freedom even in this life; for while tyrants stubbornly oppose the Gospel, they ar
e cut off from the earth, root and branch.
185. So was the Roman empire destroyed after all the other world-powers perished; but God’s Word and Church remain forever. Likewise, Christ weakens the Pope’s power, little by little; but that he may be utterly removed and become a servant of servants with wicked Ham is a matter for faith to await. Ham is shut out from the kingdom of God and possesses the kingdoms of the world for a time, just as the pope is shut out from the Church of God and holds temporal dominion for a time. But his dominion shall vanish.