[←559 ]
TN: Man of Oc.
[←560 ]
TN: Born on 19th July, 1929, Emmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie is a French historian whose work is mainly focused on Languedoc in the Ancien Régime (Old Regime), particularly the history of the peasantry.
[←561 ]
TN: New Cathars for Montségur.
[←562 ]
TN: The South and the North — The Dialectic of France.
[←563 ]
TN: The Rebirth of the South — An Essay on Occitan Literature in the Age of Henry IV.
[←564 ]
TN: The History of Occitania.
[←565 ]
TN: Occitania and Class Struggle.
[←566 ]
TN: A Small Occitan Encyclopaedia.
[←567 ]
TN: Albigensians and Cathars.
[←568 ]
TN: The Cathar Saga.
[←569 ]
TN: Free Occitania!
[←570 ]
TN: Historical Review of Occitania.
[←571 ]
TN: Judging Occitanism.
[←572 ]
TN: The History of the French Netherlands.
[←573 ]
TN: Saint Eligius (also Eloy or Loye) (11th June, 588–1st December, 660) is the patron saint of goldsmiths, other metalworkers, and coin collectors.
[←574 ]
TN: Louis the Pious (778–20th June, 840), also called the Fair and the Debonair, was the King of the Franks and co-Emperor (as Louis I) with his father, Charlemagne, from 813 onwards.
[←575 ]
TN: Charles the Bald (13th June, 823–6th October, 877) was the King of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and Holy Roman Emperor (875–877, as Charles II).
[←576 ]
TN: A French solicitor and erudite.
[←577 ]
The Flemish People of France.
[←578 ]
TN: Charles III (17th September, 879–7th October, 929), also called the Simple or the Straightforward, was the King of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the King of Lotharingia from 911 until 919–23.
[←579 ]
TN: Adolphe Van Loey (14th July, 1905–6th March, 1987) was a Belgian linguist and philologist.
[←580 ]
TN: The Dutch Language in the Flemish Region.
[←581 ]
TN: As John I, John the Fearless (28th May, 1371–10th September, 1419) was Duke of Burgundy (the second of the House of Valois) from 1404 until his death.
[←582 ]
TN: Philip the Good (31st July, 1396–15th June, 1467) was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death.
[←583 ]
TN: Charles the Bold (10th November, 1433–5th January, 1477), baptised Charles Martin, was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477, the last from the House of Valois.
[←584 ]
TN: William I (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24th August, 1772–12th December, 1843) was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
[←585 ]
TN: The 19th century.
[←586 ]
TN: The Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (ORTF) was the national agency charged, between 1964 and 1974, with providing public radio and television in France. All programmes, and especially news broadcasts, were under the strict control of the national government.
[←587 ]
TN: The Crowned Boot.
[←588 ]
TN: The Abdication of Charles V.
[←589 ]
TN: Lille Courier.
[←590 ]
TN: Lion of Flanders.
[←591 ]
TN: The New Flanders.
[←592 ]
TN: Our Flanders.
[←593 ]
TN: The Ijzertoren (Dutch for ‘Yser Towers’) is a memorial along the Belgian Yser river in Dicksmuide.
[←594 ]
TN: The French Flanders Committee.
[←595 ]
TN: The Flemish Committee of France.
[←596 ]
TN: Auguste-Maurice Barrès (19th August, 1862–4th December, 1923) was a French novelist, journalist and politician.
[←597 ]
TN: On the Religion of the North Prior to Christianity.
[←598 ]
TN: History of the French Netherlands.
[←599 ]
TN: All Is Well, Lady Marquess.
[←600 ]
TN: A movement for the unification and independence of Italy, which was achieved in 1870.
[←601 ]
TN: Olivier Mordrelle (29th April, 1901–25th October, 1985), known in Breton as Olier Mordrel, was a Breton nationalist and wartime collaborator with the Third Reich who founded the separatist Breton National Party.
[←602 ]
TN: Marcel Cachin (20th September, 1869–12th February, 1958) was a French politician.
[←603 ]
TN: Marie de France (fl. 1160 to 1215) was a medieval poet who was probably born in France and lived in England during the late 12th century.
[←604 ]
TN: Émile Masson (1869–1923) was a Breton writer and thinker who used the pseudonyms Brenn, Ewan Gweznou, and Ion Prigent.
[←605 ]
TN: Bécassine is a French comic strip and also the name (or rather the nickname) of its heroine, a Breton housemaid. The nickname itself is derived from the French word for a number of birds of the snipe family and is often used as a way of saying ‘fool’ in French.
[←606 ]
TN: A hevoud is a kind of four-spiral swastika. A triskelion, by contrast, only has three.
[←607 ]
TN: Peoples and Borders.
[←608 ]
TN: Georges René Louis Marchais (7th June, 1920–16th November, 1997) was the head of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1972 to 1994 and a candidate in the French presidential elections of 1981.
[←609 ]
TN: Brocéliande (also known as Breselianda, Bersillant, Berthelien, Berceliande, Brecheliant, Brecilien, Broceliande) is a legendary enchanted forest that had a reputation of magic and mystery in the medieval imagination. Brocéliande is featured in several medieval texts mostly related to the Arthurian legend and the characters of Merlin, Morgan le Fay, the Lady of the Lake, and some of the Knights of the Round Table.
[←610 ]
TN: The Breton Hour.
[←611 ]
TN: Heinrich Otto Abetz (26th March, 1903–5th May, 1958) was the German ambassador to Vichy France during the Nazi era.
[←612 ]
TN: Marcel Déat (7th March, 1894–5th January, 1955) was a French socialist politician until 1933, when he initiated a spin-off from the French Section of the Workers’ International (SFIO). During the occupation of France by Nazi Germany, he founded the collaborationist National Popular Rally (RNP).
[←613 ]
TN: Paul Sérant is the pen name of Paul Salleron (19th March, 1922–2nd October, 2002), a French journalist and author. He was a great lover of the French language, as well as a lover of regional diversity, supporting the preservation of local cultures such as Breton, Occitan and Basque.
[←614 ]
TN: Brittany and France.
[←615 ]
TN: Brittany.
[←616 ]
TN: A French newspaper.
[←617 ]
TN: History of the Purge.
[←618 ]
TN: The Sicherheitsdienst or SD was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany.
[←619 ]
TN: Capital Punishment Village.
[←620 ]
TN: The Breton Members of the Maquis.
[←621 ]
TN: The phrase ‘French Forces of the Interior’ (French: Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur) refers to French resistance fighters in the later stages of World War II.
[←622 ]
TN: During the Second World War, the Free French Forces (FFL) were the armed forces of Free France (the French government-in-exile) under the aegis of General de Gaulle.
[←623 ]
TN: Ar Vro was a Breton bimonthly journal with close ties to the Breton autonomist movement, written mainly in French and published from 1954 to 1974.
[←624 ]
TN: Skol Vreiz, or ‘Breton School’, is a pedagogical guidebook.
[←625 ]
TN: Al Liamm (Breton for ‘The Link’) is a bimonthly magazine of culture and literature in the Breton language.
[←626 ]
TN: Inspired by Christian notions, Wanig ha Wenig was a children’s magazine.
[←627 ]
TN: Ololê or O-lo-lê, the call of Breton shepherds, was the name of an illustrated Breton newspaper which targeted young people and was published from 1940 to 1944; it then resurfaced from 1970 to 1974 under the name of Appel d’Ololê, meaning ‘Call of Ololê’.
[←628 ]
TN: Red Bonnet Spring.
[←629 ]
TN: To Be Twenty in the Aures Mountains.
[←630 ]
TN: The Madwoman of Toujouane.
[←631 ]
TN: Nature and Brittany.
[←632 ]
TN: Brittany Versus Paris.
[←633 ]
TN: How Can One Be Breton?
[←634 ]
TN: Literally ‘Shackled Duck’, Canard enchaîné is a satirical weekly newspaper in France whose title also translates as ‘Shackled Paper’, since canard is French slang for ‘newspaper’.
[←635 ]
TN: Europe of a Hundred Flags.
[←636 ]
TN: The Swallow.
[←637 ]
TN: Typical Bretons.
[←638 ]
TN: Brittany in Paris.
[←639 ]
TN: The Breton People.
[←640 ]
TN: The Liaison Committee for the Study of Breton Interests.
[←641 ]
TN: The UNEF is a student support association in Rennes, France.
[←642 ]
TN: The Joint français strike was a strike involving the workers of the so-called ‘Joint français’ plant, a subsidiary of the General Electricity Company.
[←643 ]
TN: The Democratic Breton Union — A Contribution to the Study of the Emsav.
[←644 ]
TN: The Breton Mole.
[←645 ]
TN: The Bretons and Socialism.
[←646 ]
TN: Revolutionary Brittany.
[←647 ]
TN: Revolutionary Rennes.
[←648 ]
TN: Breton Politics.
[←649 ]
TN: A Leftist weekly magazine with a general focus.
[←650 ]
TN: Tempests.
[←651 ]
TN: L’Idiot international was a lampoonist French newspaper.
[←652 ]
TN: Red Brittany.
[←653 ]
TN: Brittany’s Future.
[←654 ]
TN: Movement for the Implementation of the Treaty of 1532.
[←655 ]
TN: The S Files — As in ‘Spy’.
[←656 ]
TN: Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (30th May, 1814–1st July, 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and the founder of collectivist anarchism.
[←657 ]
TN: Breton Struggle.
[←658 ]
TN: The Keys to Self-Governance.
[←659 ]
TN: La Nation Bretonne, meaning ‘The Breton Nation’, is a newspaper.
[←660 ]
TN: The Man of Stone.
[←661 ]
TN: Young Brittany.
[←662 ]
TN: Action-Brittany.
[←663 ]
TN: Plural of bagad, apparently meaning band or group.
[←664 ]
TN: Seemingly ‘Parties’.
[←665 ]
TN: The True Brittany-Keltia.
[←666 ]
TN: Breiz Atao — The History and Topicality of Breton Nationalism.
[←667 ]
TN: The Breton Path — Radiography of the Emsav.
[←668 ]
TN: The Breton Movement from 1919 to 1945.
[←669 ]
TN: No More Excuses for the Bretons.
[←670 ]
TN: The Unremitting Breton Revolution.
[←671 ]
TN: The Bretons — Backs to the Wall.
[←672 ]
TN: The Insane Dream of the Soldiers of Breiz Atao.
[←673 ]
TN: ‘Breiz Atao’ ’s Fransez Debauvais and His Supporters.
[←674 ]
TN: Brittany During the War.
[←675 ]
TN: The Breton Issue.
[←676 ]
TN: The Breton Language in the Face of Its Oppressors.
[←677 ]
TN: Brittany — The Rebirth of a People.
[←678 ]
TN: The French Nationalism of 1871–1914.
[←679 ]
TN: The French Military Crisis of 1945–1962.
[←680 ]
TN: Esprit Public, or ‘Public Spirit’, was a French political and literary journal.
[←681 ]
TN: La Semeuse de Paris was a consumer credit company owned by the La Samaritaine department store in Paris. It sold coupons to working class consumers, who paid in installments.
[←682 ]
TN: Born on 24th March, 1945, Pierre-Marie Dioudonnat is a French editor.
[←683 ]
TN: The Inebriations of the French Church.
[←684 ]
TN: Gabriel Charmes (7th November, 1850–19th April, 1886) was a French journalist and explorer.
[←685 ]
TN: On Colonisation Among Modern Peoples.
[←686 ]
TN: The term ‘pied-noir’ is used in reference to a person of European (and particularly French) origin who lived in Algeria during French rule and, in most cases, returned to Europe after Algeria was granted independence.
[←687 ]
TN: Les Temps modernes (Modern Times) is a French journal whose first issue came out in October 1945.
[←688 ]
TN: Yves Person (1868–1975) was a French Africanist who worked as a professor at the Sorbonne.
[←689 ]
TN: Paul Déroulède (2nd September, 1846–30th January, 1914) was a French author and politician, and one of the founders of the nationalist League of Patriots.
[←690 ]
TN: The Psychology of French Colonisation.
[←691 ]
TN: Le Journal des voyages et des aventures de terre et de mer, i.e. ‘The Journal of Voyages and Land and Sea Adventures’, was a French weekly that was published between 1877 and 1949.
Controversies and Viewpoints Page 49