The Wizard and the Prophet2

by Charles C. Mann

United States President’s Science Advisory Committee. 1965. Restoring the Quality of Our Environment. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

  United States Senate. 1987–88. The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change. Hearings Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. 100th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

  ———. 1966. Population Crisis. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures of the Committee on Government Operations. 89th Cong., 2nd Sess. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

  ———. 1922. Agricultural Appropriations Bill, 1923. Hearings Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. 67th Cong., 2nd Sess. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

  Usher, P. 1989. “World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Security (Review).” Environment 31:25–28.

  Vain, P., et al. 1995. “Foreign Gene Delivery into Monocotyledonous Species.” Biotechnology Advances 13:653-71.

  Van der Heijden, M. G. A., et al. 2008. “The Unseen Majority: Soil Microbes as Drivers of Plant Diversity and Productivity in Terrestrial Ecosystems.” Ecology Letters 11:296–310.

  Van der Ploeg, R. R., et al. 1999. “On the Origin of the Theory of Mineral Nutrition of Plants and the Law of the Minimum.” Soil Science Society of America Journal 63:1055–62.

  Van der Veen, C. J. 2000. “Fourier and the ‘Greenhouse Effect.’ ” Polar Geography 24:132-52.

  Van Wees, H. 2004. Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co.

  Van Wilgenburg, E., et al. 2010. “The Global Expansion of a Single Ant Colony.” Evolutionary Applications 3:136–43.

  Varshney, A. 1998. Democracy, Development, and the Countryside: Urban-Rural Struggles in India. CUP.

  Varughese, G., and M. S. Swaminathan. 1967. “Sharbati Sonora: A Symbol of the Age of Algeny.” Indian Farmer 17:8–9.

  Vassilou, M. S. 2009. Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.

  Venezian, E. L., and W. K. Gamble. 1969. The Agricultural Development of Mexico: Its Structure and Growth Since 1950. NY: Praeger Publishers.

  Verhulst, P.-F. 1838. “Notice sur la Loi que la Population suit dans son Accroissement.” Correspondance Mathématique et Physique 10:113–21.

  Vettel, E. J. 2006. Biotech: The Countercultural Origins of an Industry. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

  Viator [pseud.]. 1865. “Our Special Correspondence.” Wisconsin State Register, 2 Dec.

  Victor, D. G. 2008. “On the Regulation of Geoengineering.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24:322–36.

  Vietmeyer, N. 2009–10. Borlaug. 3 vols. Lorton, VA: Bracing Books.

  Viswanath, B. 1953. “Organic Versus Inorganic Manures in Land Improvement and Crop Production.” Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India 19:23–25.

  Viswanath, B., and M. Suryanarayana. 1927. “The Effect of Manuring a Crop on the Vegetative and Reproductive Capacity of the Seed.” Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India (Chemical Series) 9:85–124.

  Vitousek, P. M., et al. 1997. “Human Domination of Earth’s Ecosystems.” Science 277:494–99.

  Vitousek, P. M., et al. 1986. “Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis.” BioScience 36:368–73.

  Vizcarra, C. 2009. “Guano, Credible Commitments, and Sovereign Debt Repayment in 19th-Century Peru.” Journal of Economic History 69:358–87.

  Vogt, J. A. 1941. “To Sea Lions!” AM 167:18–25.

  ———. 1940. “The White Island.” AM 166:265–73.

  Vogt, G. 2007. “The Origins of Organic Farming.” In Organic Farming: An International History, ed. W. Lockeretz. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.

  Vogt, W. 1966. “Statement of William Vogt,” in United States Senate. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Expenditures of the Committee on Government Operations On S. 1676 (Eighty-Ninth Congress, Second Session). Washington, D.C.: Government Publishing Office, 3:718-50.

  ———. 1965. “We Help Build the Population Bomb.” NYT, 4 April.

  ———. 1963. Comments on a Brief Reconnaissance of Resource Use, Progress, and Conservation Needs in Some Latin American Countries. NY: Conservation Foundation.

  ———. 1961. “From Bird-Watching, a Feeling for Nature.” NYT, 11 Jun.

  ———. 1960. People! Challenge to Survival. NY: William Sloan Associates.

  ———. 1950. “Getting Sex Appeal into Editorials on Conservation.” The Masthead 2:42.

  ———. 1949. “Let’s Examine Our Santa Claus Complex.” Saturday Evening Post 222:17–19, 76–78.

  ———. 1948a. “A Continent Slides to Ruin.” Harper’s Magazine 196:481–88.

  ———. 1948b. The Road to Survival. NY: William Sloan Associates.

  [———]. 1946a. Report on Activities of Conservation Section, Division of Agricultural Cooperation, Pan American Union (1943–1946). Washington, DC: Pan American Union.

  ———. 1946b. The Population of Venezuela and Its Natural Resources. Washington, DC: Pan American Union.

  ———. 1946c. The Population of El Salvador and Its Natural Resources. Washington, DC: Pan American Union.

  ———. 1945a. “Unsolved Problems Concerning Wildlife in Mexican National Parks.” In Transactions of the 10th North American Wildlife Conference, ed. E. M. Quee, 355–58. Washington, DC: American Wildlife Institute.

  ———. 1945b. “Hunger at the Peace Table.” Saturday Evening Post 217:17, 109–10.

  ———. 1944. El Hombre y la Tierra. Biblioteca Enciclopedia Popular No. 32. México, D.F.: Secretaria de Educación Pública.

  ———. 1943. “Road to Beauty.” Bulletin of the Pan-American Union 77:661–71.

  ———. 1942a. “An Ecological Depression on the Peruvian Coast.” In Proceedings of the Eighth American Scientific Congress, May 10–18, 1940, ed. Anon. 3:507–27. Washington, DC: Department of State.

  ———. 1942b. “Informe Sobre las Aves Guaneras.” BCAG 18:3–132.

  ———. 1942c. “Influencia de la Corriente de Humboldt en la Formación de Depósitos Guaníferos.” Simiente 12:3–14.

  ———. 1940. “Una Depresión Ecológica en la Costa Peruana.” BCAG 16:307–29.

  ———. 1939. “Enumeración Preliminar de Algunos Problemas Relacionados con la Producción del Guano en el Perú.” BCAG 15:285–301.

  ———. 1938a. “Birding Down Long Island.” Bird-Lore 40:331–40.

  ———. 1938b. “Preliminary Notes on the Behavior and the Ecology of the Eastern Willet.” Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York 49:8–42.

  ———. 1937a. Thirst on the Land: A Plea for Water Conservation for the Benefit of Man and Wildlife. Circular 32. New York: National Association of Audubon Societies.

  [———]. 1937b. Editorial. Bird-Lore 39:296.

  [———]. 1935. Editorial. Bird-Lore 37:127.

  ———. 1931. “The Birds of a Cat-Tail Swamp.” Bulletin to the Schools: University of the State of New York 17:162.

  [Vogt, W., et al.] 1965. Human Conservation in Central America. Washington, DC: Conservation Foundation.

  Vogt, W., et al. 1939. “Report of the Committee on Bird Protection, 1938.” The Auk 56:212–19.

  Von Czerny, F. 1881. Die Veränderlichkeit des Klimas und ihre Ursachen. Vienna: A. Hartleben’s Verlag.*

  Von Humboldt, A., and H. Berghaus. 1863. Briefwechsel Alexander von Humboldt’s mit Heinrich Berghaus aus den Jahren 1825 bis 1858. Leipzig: Hermann Costenoble.*

  Von Laue, M. 1934. “Fritz Haber Gestorben.” Naturwissenschaften 22:97.

  Von Neumann, J. 1955. “Can We Survive Technology?” Fortune, June.

  Voosen, P. 2016. “Climate Scientists Open Up their Black Boxes to Scrutiny.” Science 354:401-02.

  ———. 2012. “Ocean Clouds Obscure Warming’s Fate, Create ‘Fundamental Problem’ for Models.” E&E News, 26 Nov.*

  Vorontsov, N. N., and J. M. Gall. 1986. “Ge
orgyi Frantsevich Gause 1910–1986.” Nature 323:113.

  Vranken, L., et al. 2014. “Curbing Global Meat Consumption: Emerging Evidence of a Second Nutrition Transition.” Environmental Science & Policy 39:95-106.

  Wadland, J. H. 1978. Ernest Thompson Seton: Man in Nature and the Progressive Era, 1880–1915. NY: Arno Press.

  Wagner, G., and M. L. Weitzman. 2015. Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

  ———. 2012. “Playing God.” Foreign Policy, 24 Oct.*

  Wagner, G., and R. J. Zeckhauser. 2017. “Confronting Deep and Persistent Climate Uncertainty.” Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP16-025.*

  Wagoner, P., and J. R. Schaeffer. 1990. “Perennial Grain Development: Past Efforts and Potential for the Future.” Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 9:381–408.

  Wald, M. 2013. “Former Energy Secretary Chu Joins Board of Canadian Start-Up.” NYT, 17 Dec.

  Waldner, E. 2006. “Exploration Boom After 1998 Blowout Sputtering Along.” Bakersfield Californian, 10 Feb.

  Walker, B. J., et al. 2016. “The Costs of Photorespiration to Food Production Now and in the Future.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 67:107–29.

  Wallace, H. A. 1941. “Wallace in Mexico.” Wallace’s Farmer and Iowa Homestead, 22 Feb.

  Wang, P., et al. 2016. “Finding the Genes to Build C4 Rice.” Current Opinion in Plant Biology 31:44–50.

  Wang, T., and J. Watson. 2010. “Scenario Analysis of China’s Emission Pathways in the 21st Century for Low-Carbon Transition.” Energy Policy 38:3537–46.

  Warde, P. 2007. Energy Consumption in England and Wales, 1560–2000. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.*

  Warde, P., and S. Sörlin. 2015. “Expertise for the Future: The Emergence of Environmental Prediction, c. 1920–1970.” In The Struggle for the Long-Term in Transnational Science and Politics: Forging the Future, ed. J. Andersson and E. Rindzevičiūtė, 38–62. NY: Routledge.

  Water Integrity Network. 2016. Water Integrity Global Outlook. Berlin: Water Integrity Network.*

  Waterhouse, A. C. 2013. Food and Prosperity: Balancing Technology and Community in Agriculture. NY: Rockefeller Foundation.*

  Weart, S. R. 2008 (2003). The Discovery of Global Warming. Rev. and expanded ed. HUP.*

  ———. 1997. “Global Warming, Cold War, and the Evolution of Research Plans.” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 27:319–56.

  Weaver, W. 1970. Scene of Change: A Lifetime in American Science. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

  ———. 1951. “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Its Origin, Its Author.” Princeton University Library Chronicle 13:1–17.

  Webb, J. L. A., Jr. 2009. Humanity’s Burden: A Global History of Malaria. CUP.

  Weber, B. 2011. “Lynn Margulis, Evolution Theorist, Dies at 73.” NYT, 24 Nov.

  Webster, B. 1969. “End Papers.” NYT, 8 Feb.

  Weidensault, S. 2007. Of a Feather: A Brief History of American Birding. NY: Harcourt.

  Weimerskirch, H., et al. 2012. “Foraging in Guanay Cormorant and Peruvian Booby, the Major Guano-Producing Seabirds in the Humboldt Current System.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 458:231–45.*

  Weinberg, G. L., ed. 2006 (1928). Hitler’s Second Book: The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf, trans. K. Smith. NY: Enigma Books.

  Weinzettel, J. et al. 2013. “Affluence Drives the Global Displacement of Land Use.” GEC 23:433–38.

  Weisskopf, M. 1988. “Scientist Says Greenhouse Effect Is Setting In.” WP, 24 June.

  Weitzman, M. L. 2007. “A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change.” Journal of Economic Literature 45:703–24.

  Wertime, T. A. 1983. “The Furnace versus the Goat: The Pyrotechnologic Industries and Mediterranean Deforestation in Antiquity.” Journal of Field Archaeology 10:445–52.

  Whitaker, A. P. 1960. “Alexander von Humboldt and Spanish America.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 104:317–22.

  White, A. D. 1897. A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton.

  White, A. F. 2015. Plowed Under: Food Policy Protests and Performance in New Deal America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  White, D. 1919. “The Unmined Supply of Petroleum in the United States.” Automotive Industries 40:361, 376, 385.

  White, R. 1995. The Organic Machine: The Remaking of the Columbia River. NY: Hill and Wang.

  White, D., and M. Rabago-Smith. 2011. “Genotype-phenotype Associations and Human Eye Color.” Journal of Human Genetics 56:5-7.

  Whitman, W. B., et al. 1998. “Prokaryotes: The Unseen Majority.” PNAS 95:6578–83.

  Wigley, T. M. L. 2006. “A Combined Mitigation/Geoengineering Approach to Climate Stabilization.” Science 314:452–54.

  Wik, R. M. 1973 (1972). Henry Ford and Grass-Roots America. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

  Wilberforce, R. 1888. Life of Samuel Wilberforce. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co.*

  [Wilberforce, S.] 1860. “Review of On the Origin of Species.” Quarterly Review 108:225–64.

  Wildman, S. G. 2002. “Along the Trail from Fraction I Protein to Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase-oxygenase).” Photosynthesis Research 73:243–50.

  Wilkinson, T. J., and L. Raynes. 2010. “Hydraulic landscapes and imperial power in the Near East.” Water History 2:115–44.

  Will, G. F. 1975. “A Change in the Weather.” WP, 24 Jan.

  Willberg, D. 2017. “CCS Facility at Boundary Dam Returning to Normal Operations.” Estevan Mercury, 21 Jul.*

  Willcox, G. 2007. “The Adoption of Farming and the Beginnings of the Neolithic in the Euphrates Valley: Cereal Exploitation Between the 12th and 8th Millennia cal BC.” In The Origins and Spreads of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe, ed. S. Colledge and J. Connolly. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.

  Williams, J. 1789. The Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Thomas Ruddiman.*

  Williams, M. 2006. Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, an Abridgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Williamson, S. H., and L. P. 2015. “Measuring Slavery in 2011 Dollars.” MeasuringWorth.com.*

  Wilson, E. O. 1995 (1994). Naturalist. New York: Warner Books.

  Wineke, W. R. 2008. “Global Cooling Advocate Reid Bryson, 88.” Wisconsin State Journal, 13 June.

  Wines, R. A. 1986. Fertilizer in America: From Waste Recycling to Resource Exploitation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

  Winslow, M., et al. 2004. Desertification, Drought, Poverty, and Agriculture: Research Lessons and Opportunities. Rome: ICARDA, ICRISAT, and the UNCCD Global Mechanism.

  Wöbse, 2011. “ ‘The World After All Was One’: The International Environmental Network of UNESCO and IUPN, 1945–1950.” Contemporary European History 20:331–48.

  Wolf, A. 2015. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World. NY: Alfred A. Knopf.

  Wolf, A. T. 1972. Hydropolitics Along the Jordan River: Scarce Water and Its Impact on the Arab-Israeli Conflict. NY: United Nations University Press.

  Wolf, E. R. 1982. Europe and the People Without History. UCP.

  Woody, T. 2012. “Sierra Club, NRDC Sue Feds to Stop Big California Solar Power Project.” Forbes, 27 March.

  Woolf, D., et al. 2010. “Sustainable Biochar to Mitigate Global Climate Change.” Nature Communications 1:1–9.*

  World Bank. 2008. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.

  World Energy Council. 2013. World Energy Scenarios: Composing Energy Futures to 2050. London: World Energy Council.*

  Worster, D. 1997 (1994). Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. 2nd ed. CUP.

  Wrench, G. 2009 (1938). The Wheel of Health: A Study of the Hunza People and the Keys to Health. Australia: Review Press.

  Wrigley, E. A. 2010. Energy and the Engli
sh Industrial Revolution. CUP.

  Wylie, K. 1941. “Agricultural Relations with Mexico.” Foreign Agriculture 6:365–73.*

  Xu, Y.-S., et al. 2009. “Geo-hazards with Characteristics and Prevention Measures Along the Coastal Regions of China.” Natural Hazards 49:479–500.

  Yang, C.-C., et al. 2010. “Loss of Microbial (Pathogen) Infections Associated with Recent Invasions of the Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta.” Biological Invasions 12:3307–18.

  Yates, P. L. 1981. Mexico’s Agricultural Dilemma. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  Yergin, D. 2012 (2011). The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World. Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Books.

  ———. 2008 (1991). The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Free Press.

  Yong, E. 2016. I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life. NY: Ecco.

  Yulish, C. B., ed. 1977. Soft vs. Hard Energy Paths: 10 Critical Essays on Amory Lovins’ “Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?” NY: Charles Yulish Associates.

  Zeng, Z., et al. 2017. “Climate Mitigation from Vegetation Biophysical Feedbacks during the Past Three Decades.” Nature Climate Change 10.1038/NCLIMATE3299.

  Zhang, X., et al. 2016. “Establishment and Optimization of Genomic Selection to Accelerate the Domestication and Improvement of Intermediate Wheatgrass.” The Plant Genome 9.*

  Zhu, X.-G., et al. 2010 “Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency for Greater Yield.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 61:235–61.

  Zhu, Z., et al. 2016. “Greening of the Earth and its Drivers.” Nature Climate Change 6:791-95.

  Zimmer, C. 2011. A Planet of Viruses. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Zirinsky, M. P. 1992. “Imperial Power and Dictatorship: Britain and the Rise of Reza Shah, 1921–1926.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 24:639–63.

  Zirkle, C. 1957. “Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Malthus and the United States Census.” Isis 48:58–62.

  Zon, R., and W. N. Sparhawk. 1923. Forest Resources of the World. 2 vols. NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

  Map and Illustration Credits

  1: Courtesy Guggenheim Foundation (photographer unknown)

  2: Des Moines Register/PARS International