19. Gudzy, op. cit., p. 345.
20. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p.56.
21. Gudzy, op. cit., pp. 350-351.
22. Pelenski, op. cit., p. 123.
23. Vernadsky, op. cit., p. 60.
11. The Crisis of 1553
1. Tolstoi, First Forty Years, p. 179.
2. Andreyev, “Interpolations,” p. 107.
3. Platonov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 75.
4. Ibid., p. 108.
5. Ibid., p. 110. Also, Vernadsky, op. cit., p. 62.
6. Platonov, op. cit., p. 110.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 111.
10. Ibid., p. 112.
12. Vassian Toporkov Versus Maxim the Greek
1. Fennell (ed. and tr.), Correspondence Between Kurbsky and Ivan, p. 193.
2. Soloviev, History of Russia, v. 9, p. 151.
3. Quoted in Haney, From Italy to Muscovy, p. 176.
4. Backer, Deadly Parallel, p. 50.
5. Fennell, Kurbsky’s History of Ivan IV, p. 87.
6. Fenneli, Correspondence, p. 187 n.
7. Fennell, Kurbsky’s History, p. 90.
8. Ibid. , p. 91.
9. Dvornik, “Byzantine Political Ideas,” p. 113.
13. Art and Heresy
1. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 40.
2. Ibid., p. 39.
3. Miller, “Literary Activities of Macarius,” p. 91.
4. Andreyev, “Pskov-Pechery Monastery,” p. 329.
5. Miller, “Viskovatyi Affair,” p. 301.
6. Andreyev, “Interpolations,” p. 103.
7. Voyce, Moscow and the Roots of Russian Culture, p. 39.
8. Miller, op. cit., p. 295.
9. Kondakov, Russian Icon, p. 147.
10. Florovsky, Ways of Russian Theology, p. 30.
11. Ibid.
12. Miller, op. cit., p. 302.
13. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p. 76.
14. Andreyev, op. cit., p. 102.
14. On to Astrakhan
1. Fennell (ed. and tr.), Correspondence Between Kurbsky and Ivan, p.93.
2. Ibid., p. 87.
3. Ibid., p. 117.
4. Pritsak, “Moscow, the Golden Horde,… ,” p. 58!.
5. See Miller, “Literary Activities of Macarius, p. 416.
6. Medlin and Patrinelis, Renaissance Influences, p. 32.
7. Ibid.
8. Szeftel, “Title of the Muscovite Monarch,” p. 75.
9. Miller, op. cit., p. 587.
10. This is the Book of Degrees: See Miller, p. 332, and Gudzy, History of Early Russian Literature, p. 345.
11. Gudzy, op. cit., p. 346.
12. Ibid., p. 345.
13. Voyce, Moscow Kremlin, p. 100.
15. A Hammer for Lapland
1. Davies, God’s Playground, p. 387.
16. “A Thousand Kingdoms We Will Seek From Far”
1. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 2. p. 16!
2. Hale, Renaissance Exploration, p. 77.
3. Penrose, Travel and Discovery, p. 197.
4. Milton, Brief History, p.366.
5. French, John Dee, p. ISO.
6. See Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, pp. 195-208.
7. See Hamel, England and Russia, p. 23.
8. Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, p. 209.
9. Ibid., p. 244.
10. Ibid., p. 212.
11. Willan, Early History of Russia Company, p. 15.
12. Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, p. 247.
13. Ibid., p. 248.
14. Ibid., p. 249.
15. Ibid., p. 255.
16. Ibid., p. 228.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 258.
20. Ibid., p. 229.
21. Ibid., p. 231.
22. Ibid., p. 238.
23. Ibid., p. 263.
24. Ibid., p. 272.
25. Ibid.
26. Hamel, op. cit., p. 93.
27. See Hakluyt, pp. 297-303.
28. Ibid., v. 3, p. 333.
17. Hanseatic Merchants and Red Cross Knights
1. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p. 93.
2. Graham, H. F. (tr. and ed.), “Missio Moscovitica,” p. 440.
3. Pokrovsky, History of Russia, p.135.
4. Graham, op. cit., p. 440.
5. Kirchner, “Russo-Livonian Crisis, 1555,” p. 145.
6. Ibid., p. 146.
7. Quoted in Grey, Ivan the Terrible, p. 132.
18. The Second Wave of Reforms
1. Dewey, “1550 Sudebnik,” p. 175.
2. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p. 60.
3. Dewey, “Decline of the Muscovite Namestnik,” p. 37.
4. Dewey, “Charters of Local Government,” p. 16.
5. Dewey, “Decline of Namestnik,” p. 36.
6. Platonov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 59.
7. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 45.
8. Dewey, “Decline,” p. 39.
19. “To Subdue and Conquere His Enemies”
1. Tolstoi, First Forty Years, p. 10.
2. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 2, p. 352.
3. Anderson, Britain’s Discovery of Russia, p. 21.
4. Hamel, England and Russia, p. 157.
5. Morgan and Coote (eds.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, p. 342.
6. Ibid., v. I, p. 4.
7. Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, p. 415.
8. Ibid.
9. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. I, p. 24.
10. Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, p. 430.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 231.
13. Ibid., p. 439.
14. Ibid., p. 427.
15. Ibid., p. 438.
20. The Collapse of Livonia
1. Fennell (ed. and tr.), Kurosky’s History of Ivan IV, p. 107.
2. Ibid., p. 112.
3. Kirchner, Rise of Baltic Question, p. 119.
4. Quoted in Wipper, Ivan Grozny, p. 83.
5. Kirchner, op. cit., p. 135.
6. Quoted in Karamzin, Histoire de l’Empire de Russie, v. 8, p.370.
7. Staden, Land and Government of Muscovy, p. 23.
8. Fennell, op. cit., p.49.
21. Turning Point
1. Bond (ed. and tr.), Russia at the Close, p. 157.
2. Ibid.
3. Fennell, Correspondence Between Kurbsky and Ivan, p. 99.
4. Chyzhevskyi, History of Russian Literature, p. 386.
5. Fennell, Kurbsky’s History of Ivan IV, p. 157.
6. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 3, p. 16.
7. Fennell, Correspondence, p. 191.
8. Bond, op. cit., p. 172.
9. Roberts, Early Vasas, p. 195.
10. Wipper, Ivan Grozny, p. 90.
11. Stokl, Testament and Siegel, p. 50.
12. Fedotov, St. Filipp, p. 80.
22. Sacrifices to Cronus
1. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. 32.
2. Ibid.
3. Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia, p. 144.
4. Bond, op. cit., p. 33.
5. Andreyev, “Kurbsky’s Letters to Vas’yan Muromtsev,” p. 431.
6. Fennell (ed. and tr.), Kurbsky’s History of Ivan IV, p. 181.
7. Ibid.
8. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 217.
9. Ibid., p. 214.
10. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 14B.
11. Graham, op. cit., p. 252.
12. Bond, op. cit., p. 79.
13. Wipper, Ivan the Terrible, p. 20B.
14. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 2, p. 439.
15. See Fennell, op. cit., p. 137.
16. Andreyev, op. cit., p. 427.
17. Ibid., p. 416.
18. Fennell (ed. and te.), Correspondence Between Kurksky and Ivan, pp. 3-9.
19. Fennell, Kurbsky’s History, p. 145.
20. Tumins, Ivan IV’s Reply to Jan Rokyta, p. 41.
21. Fennell and Stokes, Early Russian
Literature, p. IB6.
22. Fennell, Correspondence, p. 33.
23. Ibid., p. 143 n.
24. Ibid., p. 149.
25. Ibid., p. 99.
26. Ibid., p. 39.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., p. 42.
29. Ibid., p. 59.
30. Ibid., p. 13.
31. Pares, History of Russia, p. 114.
32. Fennell, Correspondence, p. B5.
33. Ibid., p. B7.
34. Ibid., p. 119.
35. Ibid., p. 107.
36. Ibid., p. Ibid, and Gudzy, op. cit., p. 336.
37. Fennell, Correspondence, p. 183.
38. Graham, op. cit., p. 217.
23. Satan’s Band
1. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 84.
2. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p. 108.
3. Pokrovsky, History of Russia, p. 144.
4. Quoted in Vernadsky, op. cit., p. 137.
5. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 72 n.
6. Florinsky, Russia: History and Interpretation, p. 199.
7. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. 163.
8. Fedotov, St. Filipp, p.76.
9. Ibid.
10. Pokrovsky, History of Russia, p. 151.
11. Ibid.
12. Quoted in Fedotov, op. cit., p. 102.
16. Andreyev, op. cit., p. 427.
17. Ibid., p. 416.
18. Fennell (ed. and te.), Correspondence Between Kurksky and Ivan, pp. 3-9.
19. Fennell, Kurbsky’s History, p. 145.
20. Tumins, Ivan IV’s Reply to Jan Rokyta, p. 41.
21. Fennell and Stokes, Early Russian Literature, p. IB6.
22. Fennell, Correspondence, p. 33.
23. Ibid., p. 143 n.
24. Ibid., p. 149.
25. Ibid., p. 99.
26. Ibid., p. 39.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., p. 42.
29. Ibid., p. 59.
30. Ibid., p. 13.
31. Pares, History of Russia, p. 114.
32. Fennell, Correspondence, p. B5.
33. Ibid., p. B7.
34. Ibid., p. 119.
35. Ibid., p. 107.
36. Ibid., p. Ibid, and Gudzy, op. cit., p. 336.
37. Fennell, Correspondence, p. 183.
38. Graham, op. cit., p. 217.
24. English Interlude
1. Andreyev, “ Kurbsky’s Letters to Vas’yan Muromtsev,”
2. Hamel, Russia and England, p. 221.
3. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 2, pp. 334, 337.
4. Ibid., p. 338.
5. Morgan and Coote (eds. ), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 1, p. 58.
6. Ibid., v. 1, p. 97.
7. Ibid., v. 1, p. 67.
8. Ibid., v. 1, p. 77.
9. Ibid. , v. 1, p. 147.
10. Willan, Early History of Russia Company, p. 56.
11. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 184.
12. Hamel, op. cit., p. 175.
25. The Zemsky Sobor of 1566
1. This Emperor of Moscovia; Morgan and Coote (eds.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, pp. 187- 188.
2. Staden, Land and Govemment of Muscovy, p. 48.
3. Ibid., p. 49.
4. Billington, Icon and Axe, p. 99.
5. Groham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 248 n.
6. Fedotov, St. Filipp, p. 83.
7. Ibid., p. 39.
8. Ibid., p. 86.
9. Ibid ., p. 30.
10. Vernadsky, Russia at at the Dawn of the Modern Age, p. 156.
11. Herberstein, Notes Upon Russia, v. 1, p. 54.
12. Schmemann, Historical Road of Eastem Orthodoxy, pp. 313-314. See also Fedotov, op. cit., p. 30.
13. Fedotov, op. cit., p. 78.
14. Quoted in Fedotov, op. cit., p. 153.
15. Wieczynski, “Archbishop Gennadius and the West,” p. 386.
26. The Tsar at Chess with Elizabeth and Erik
1. Morgan and Coote (ed. and tr.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 1, p. 215.
2. Ibid.
3. Willan, Early History of Russia Company, p. 72.
4. Huttenbach, “Anthony Jenkinson’s 1566 and 1577 Missions,” p. 189.
5. Ibid., p. 188.
6. Quoted in Huttenbach, op. cit., p. 197.
7. Ibid., pp. 184-185.
8. Ibid., pp. 199-200.
9. Ibid., p. 201.
10. The Emperour requireth: Tolstoi, First Forty Years, p. 38.
11. Kirchner, Rise of Baltic Question, p. 186.
12. Ibid.
27. Conspiracies
1. See Staden, Land and Government of Muscovy, p. 9.
2. It was a pitiful sight: Taube and Kruse quoted in Fedotov, St. Filipp, p. 116.
3. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. 172.
4. Quoted in Payne and Romanoff, Ivan the Terrible, p. 226.
5. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close (Giles Fletcher), p. 151
6. Quoted in Payne and Romanoff, Ivan the Terrible, p. 226.
7. Staden, op. cit., p. 101.
8. Ibid., p. 120.
9. Quoted in Massie, Peter the Great, p. 748.
28. The Martyr’s Crown
1. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 229.
2. Fedotov, St. Filipp, p. 111.
3. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. 208.
4. Ibid.
5. Fedotov, op. cit., p. 117.
6. Ibid., p. 119.
7. Ibid., p. 121.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 122.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 123.
12. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 114.
13. Ibid., p. 113.
14. Fedotov, op. cit., p. 126.
15. Graham, op. cit., p. 224.
16. Fedotov, op. cit., p. 129.
17. Fennell (ed. and tr.), Kurosky’s History of Ivan IV, p. 239.
29. The Great Messenger
1. Willan, Early History of Russia Company, p. 97.
2. Ibid.
3. Tolstoi, First Forty Years, p. 44.
4. Ibid.
5. Berry and Crummey (eds.), Rude & Barbarous Kingdom, p.46.
6. Ibid., pp. 75-76.
7. Ibid., p. 46.
8. Willan, op. cit., p. 101.
9. Morgan and Coote (eds. and tr.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, p. 257.
10. Ibid.
11. Willan, op. cit., p. 105.
12. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 263.
13. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 3, p. 106.
14. Ibid., p. 107.
15. Ibid.
16. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 278.
17. Willan, op. cit., p. 101.
18. Ibid.
19. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 279.
30. Muscovy’s Neighbors Regroup
1. Quoted in Vernadsky, Russia at Dawn of Modern Age, p. 244.
31. The Sack of Novgorod
1. Andreyev, “Kurbsky’s Letters to Vas’yan Muromtsev,” p. 431.
2. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 233.
3. Fedotov, St. Filipp, p. 136.
4. Dmytryshyn, Medieval Russia: A Source Book, p. 205.
5. Ibid.
6. Dmytryshyn, op. cit., p. 206.
7. Andreyev, op. cit., p.436.
8. Ibid.
9. Bond (ed. and tr.), Russia at the Close, p. 161.
10. Ibid.
11. Andreyev, “The Pskov-Pechery Monastery,” p. 338.
32. Faith and Works
1. Froissart, anticipating the sentiment. Quoted in Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 291.
2. Kirchner, Rise of Baltic Question, p. 44.
3. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. 160.
4. Tumins, Ivan IV’s Reply to Jan Rokyta, p. 479.
5. Ibid., p. 484.
6. Ibid., pp. 295-305.
7. Ibid., pp. 307-326.
8. Ibid.,
p. 334.
9. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 272.
10. Andreyev, “Interpolations,” p. 101 n.
11. Quoted, ibid., p. 102 n.
12. Quoted, ibid., p. 102.
13. Graham, op. cit., p. 261.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 170.
16. Waliszewski, Ivan the Terrible, p. 256.
17. Graham, op. cit., p. 263.
18. Vernadsky, Tsardom of Moscow, p. 156.
19. Bond, op. cit., p. 55.
20. Ibid.
21. Morgan and Coote (eds.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, p. 336.
22. Staden, Land and Government of Muscovy, p. 29.
23. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 336.
24. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 118. See also Staden, op. cit., p. 29.
25. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, pp. 336-337.
26. Staden, op. cit., p. 122.
33. The “Evil Empire”
1. Morgan and Coote (eds.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, p.278.
2. Tolstoi, First Forty years, p. 129.
3. Ibid., p. xxv.
4. Ibid., p. 77.
5. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 2, p. 399.
6. Willan, Early History of Russia Company, p. 64.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., p. 65.
9. Hamel, England and Russia, pp. 184-1S5.
10. Ibid., p. ISS.
11. Hakluyt, op. cit., v. 2, pp. 455-457.
12. Hamel, op. cit., p. 177.
13. Tolstoi, op. cit., p. xxv.
14. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 2SS.
15. Ibid., pp. 290-291.
16. Willan, op. cit., p. 74.
17. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, pp. 294-297.
18. Ibid., p. 297.
19. Huttenbach, “Search for and Discovery of Archival Materials,” p. 433.
20. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 306.
34.“A fearfull reveng and spectacle to al generacions”
1. Skrynnikov, Ivan the Terrible, p. 132.
2. Payne and Romanoff, Ivan the Terrible, p. 308.
3. Quoted, ibid., p. 309.
4. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, p. ISS.
5. Morgan and Coote (eds.), Early Voyages and Travels, v. 2, p. 338.
6. Ibid.
7. Bond, op. cit., p. 165.
8. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, v. 3, p. 168.
9. Ibid., p. 170.
10. Bond, op. cit., p. 165.
11. Ibid., p. 164.
12. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 308.
13. Graham, H. F. (ed. and tr.), “Albert Schlichting,” p. 226.
14. Tolstoi, First Forty Years, p. 128.
15. Ibid., p. 131.
16. Ibid., p. 132.
17. Ibid:
18. Ibid., p. 133.
19. Morgan and Coote, op. cit., v. 2, p. 326.
20. Tolstoi, op. cit., p. 141.
35. The Battle of Molodi
1. Waliszewski, Ivan the Terrible, p. 202.
2. Bond (ed.), Russia at the Close, pp. 166-167.
3. Ibid., p. 167.
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