Yoga Life. A monthly magazine full of helpful practical advice and local color produced by the Yoga Jîvana Satsangha (established by the late Dr. Swami Gîtânanda Giri) and edited by Meenakshi Devî Bhâvanâni. Address: Yoga Life, c/o ICYER, 16-A Mattu Street, Chinnamudaliarchavady, Kottakuppam (via Pondicherry), Tamil Nadu 605 104, India.
Yoga-Mîmâmsâ. A scholarly journal dedicated to indological and medical research on Yoga, published by Kaivalyadhama and edited by M. V. Bhole. Address: Kaivalyadhama, Lonavla 410 403, Maharashtra, India.
Yoga Rahasya. A quarterly magazine dedicated to the teachings of B. K. S. Iyengar and traditional Yoga, published by Light on Yoga Research Trust and edited by Rajvi Mehta. Address in the United States: IYNAUS, c/o Laura Allard, 1420 Hawthorne Avenue, Boulder, CO 80304. Address for subscriptions from other parts of the world: Yoga Rahasya, c/o Sam N. Motiwala, Palia Mansion, 622 Lady Jehangir Road, Dadar, Mumbai 400 014, India.
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Burley, Mikel. Classical Sâmkhya and Yoga: An Indian Metaphysics of Experience. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2007.
Chappie, Christopher Key. Reconciling Yoga: Haribhadra’s Collection of Views on Yoga. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2003.
Feuerstein, Georg. Aha! Reflections on the Meaning of Everything. Eastend, Canâda: Traditional Yoga Studies, 2007.
———. Yoga Morality: Ancient Teachings At a Time of Global Crisis. Prescott, Ariz.: Hohm Press, 2007.
and Brenda Feeurstein. Green Yoga. Eastend, Canâda: Traditional Yoga Studies, 2007.
Fields, Gregory P. Religious Therapeutics: Body and Health in Yoga, yurveda, and Tantra. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2001.
Filliozat, Jean. Religion, Philosophy, Yoga. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1991.
Frawley, David. Yoga and the Sacred Fire: Self-Realization and Planetary Transformation. Twin Lakes, Wise.: Lotus Press, 2004.
Fynes, R. C. C. Hemacandra: The Lives of the Jain Elders. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Ganapathy, T. N. The Philosophy of the Tamil Siddhas. New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1993.
———. The Yoga of Siddha Boganathar, vol. 1, St. Etienne de Bolton, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2003.
———. The Yoga of Siddha Boganathar, vol. 2, St. Etienne de Bolton, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2004.
———, ed. The Yoga of the 18 Siddhas: An Anthology. St. Etienne de Bolton, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2004.
and Kr. Arumugam. The Yoga of Siddha Tirumûlar: Essays on the Tirumandiram (Essays on the Tirumandiram). St. Etienne de
Bolton, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2006.
Gharote, M. L. and Parimal Devnath, eds. Hathapradipikâ of Svâtmârâma (10 Chapters) With Yogaprakâsikâ Commentary by Balakrsna. Lonavla, India: Lonavla Yoga Institute, 2001.
and Vijay Kant Jha, eds. Yuktabhâvadeva of Bhavadeva Misra. Lonavla, India: Lonavla Yoga Institute, 2002.
———, Parimal Devnath, and Vijay Kant Jha, eds. Hatharatnâvali (A Treatise on Hathayoga) of Srinivasayogi. Lonavla, India: Lonavla
Yoga Institute, 2002.
and G. K. Pai, eds. Siddhasiddhântapaddhatih: A Treatise on the Ndtha Philosophy by Goraksanâtha. Lonavla, India: Lonavla
Yoga Institute, 2005.
Govindan, Marshall. Kriyâ Yoga Sûtras of Patanjali and the Siddhas: Translation, Commentary and Practice. Eastman, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2000.
Harper, Katherine Anne and Robert L. Brown, eds. The Roots of Tantra. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2002.
Iyengar, B. K. S. Light on Astânga Yoga. Mumbai: YOG, 1999.
Jabobsen, Knut A. Prakrti In Sâmkhya-Yoga: Material Principle, Religious Experience, Ethical Implications. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2002.
Kandaswamy, S. N. The Yoga of Siddha Awai. St. Etienne de Bolton, Canâda: Babaji’s Kriyâ Yoga and Publications, 2004.
Kasulis, Thomas P. with Roger T. Ames and Wimal Dissanayake. Self As Body In Asian Theory And Practice. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1993.
Marchand, Peter. The Yoga of the Nine Emotions: The Tantric Practice of Rasa Sâdhana. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 2006.
Michelis, Elizabeth de. A History of Modern Yoga. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.
Mohan, A. G., trans. Yoga-Yâjnavalkya. Ed. by John J. Ely. Madras: Ganesh & Co., [2001].
Sarbacker, Stuart Ray. Samâdhi: The Numinous and Cessative in Into-Tibetan Yoga. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2005.
Urban, Hugh B. Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics, and Power in the Study of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. Quamstrom, Olle, trans. The Yogasâstra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth Century Handbook on Svetâmbara Jainism.
Râmânanda Sâraswathi, Swami. Tripurâ Rahasya: The Secret of the Supreme Goddess. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, 2002. Ravindra, Ravi. The Spiritual Roots of Yoga: Royal Path to Freedom. Sandpoint, Id.: Morning Light Press, 2006.
Uprety, Thakur Krishna, trans. Shiva Samhitâ: A Unique Classical Text on the Theory and Practice of Yoga and Tantra. New Baneswar, Nepal: Raja Yoga Kuti, 2002.
Whicher, Ian and David Carpenter, eds. Yoga: The Indian Tradition. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
White, David Gordon, ed. Tantra in Practice. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.
———. Kiss of the Yoginî: “Tantric Sex” In Its South Asian Contexts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
INDEX
Note: specific types of âsanas (e.g. vriksha-âsana), bandhas, cakras, mantras, mudrâs, prânâyâmas, samâdhîs, and so on, are indexed as subheadings under the main headings for each of these topics. Some, but not all, specific types also are indexed as main headings.
A
Abba Daniel of Skete, 19
abhangas, 291
Abhâva-Yoga, 299
Abhidhamma-Pitaka, 158, 159
Abhidharma-Kosha, 171
abhimâna. See will
Abhinava Gupta, 267, 347, 385. See also Tantra-loka
abhinivesha, 222
Abhisamaya-Alamkâra, 163, 171
abhisheka. See initiation
âbhoga, 272
abhyâsa, 418
Absolute (brahman): aham brahma-asmi and, 5, 52, 129, 311; asceticism and, 70, 341; being and, 419; bliss and, 132, 419; body and, 382; Brahma and, 310; brahmic gate and, 405; breath and, 319; Buddha as, 168; chastity and, 10; consciousness and, 419; creation and, 359; defined, xxv-xxvi, 126, 304, 419; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 399; emotions and, 287; as the Fourth, 104; Gîtâs on, 191, 197, 286; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 405, 416, 417, 419–420; guru as, 324; Hindu philosophy and, 72; honey doctrine and, 131; identification with, 5, 312, 318, 319, 416, 417, 419–420; initiation and, 11; Jainism and, 144; koshas and, 132; liberation and, 369; Lord vs., 248; lotus and, 432n. 12; mandolas and, 176; mantras and, 5, 52, 359; mind and, 35; nâdîs and, 321, 352; nondualism and, xxvi; offerings and, 307; om as, 35, 312, 315, 409; as prâna, 133; Purânâs on, 297; Râma as, 185; renunciation and, 134, 263; Samhitâs on, 398, 399; Sanskrit alphabet and, 358; Shiva as, 259, 418; sin and, 372; Smritis on, 422; as sound, 35, 330, 358, 359; Tantras on, 245, 369, 370, 379; transcendental state of, 359; truthfulness and, 245; Upanishads on, 5, 116, 123, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 257, 311, 312, 313–314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 331; Vaishnavism and, 286, 288; Vedânta and, 4, 20, 116; Vedas on, 121; visualization and, 398; yoga-patta and, 431n. 42; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 304, 307–308, 310. See also Being; Divine; God; Reality; Self (transcendental)
absorption, 54, 55, 150, 250, 251
câra-Anga-Sûtra, 139, 141, 145
âcâryas, 11, 288
câryas, 41
action: ego and, 48; five con
centrations and, 416; Gîtâs on, 47–48, 189–190, 284; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 407, 409, 416, 419; Hindu philosophy and, 73, 74; inaction in, 48, 51, 189–190, 379; Jainism and, 143, 150, 152; Jnâna-Yoga and, 32; karma and, 48–49, 189, 378, 379, 456; khecârî-mudrâ and, 407; knowledge vs., 74; liberation and, 48, 50, 127, 185–186, 304, 306–308; mind and, 189–190; Nature and, 48; nonattachment and, 189–190; om and, 409; Purânas on, 281, 298, 301; Râmâyana on, 185–186; renunciation and, 48, 68, 189; shakti and, 409; Sikhism and, 336; spiritual maturation and, 7; subconscious and, 241, 242; Tantras on, 372, 378–379; Upanishads on, 126, 321; Vaisheshika and, 77; whole, 190; wisdom and, 50, 185–186, 304, 306–308; Yoga definition and, 6–7; Yoga of Action and, 68, 216, 221–226; Yoga-Sûtra on, 216, 221–226; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 306–308, 309. See also karma; Karma-Yoga
acupuncture, 351
adepts. See siddhas
âdhâras, 331, 402, 416, 420. See also deshas; sthânas
adhikâra, 14
adhvanka, 11
adhyâtman, 135, 183, 436n. 7, 437n. 1. See also Self (transcendental)
Adhyâtma-Upanishad, 142
adhyâtma-yoga, 134—135, 149
di-Granth, 293, 333, 334
dinâtha, 385, 401, 420, 424
di-Purâna, 296
Aditi, 103
aditya. See sun
Aditya, 117
adrishta, 8
advaita. See nondualism
advaita-darshana-yoga, 207
Advaita Vedânta. See Vedânta
Advaya-Târaka-Upanishad, 11, 128, 311, 320-331
aesthetics, 72, 289
âgamas, defined, 264, 441n. 1
gamas, 264–268; on cakras, 355; date of, 62, 264–265; described, 8, 142, 264–268, 439n. 9; Samhitâs and, 279; Shaiva- Siddhânta and, 276; Tantras and, 264–265, 342, 347, 441n. 1. See also Shaivism
gama-Shâstra. See Mândûkya-Kârikâ
Agastya, 39, 82, 383, 384
Aghora, 263, 265
Aghorânanda, 425
Aghorîs, 263, 265
aging. See longevity
agni, 81, 121. See also fire; heat
Agni, 117, 119, 124, 195; in Vedas, 39, 66, 83, 101, 103, 107, 110, 115, 117
agni-hotra. See fire ritual
Agni-Purâna, 296, 297, 298, 431n. 42, 442n. 2
agni-rahasya, 124
agni-shtoma, 101
agni-yojana, 125
Agrawala, Vâsudeva A., 102
aham brahma-asmi, 5, 52, 129, 311
ahamkâra, 3, 5, 77, 244, 268, 306, 335, 349, 354. See also asmitâ; ego
ahimsâ: Buddhism and, 161; Gîtâs on, 247, 286; Jainism and, 139, 145, 147, 151; Mahâbhârata on, 245; Moksha-Dharma on, 198; Purânas on, 301; Râmâyana on, 185; reason for, 245; Upanishads on, 131; as yama, 224, 245, 246, 301; Yoga-Sûtra on, 208, 224, 245, 246
Ahirbudhnya-Samhitâ, 214–215, 279, 280, 440n. 1
aikya, 264, 319
air, 201, 209, 357–358, 391, 396, 415. See also elements (bhûtas)
aishvarya, 298
Aitareya-ranyaka, 125
Aitareya-Brâhmana, 103, 124
Aitareya-Upanishad, 125, 127, 133
ajapâ-gâyatrî-mantra (hamsa-mantra), 317, 319, 404–405, 414, 442n. 12. See also gâyatrî-mantra Ajâtashatru, King, 106, 125, 133
Ajaya, Swami, 248
Ajîta, 265
ajîvas, 145
âjnâ-cakra. See cakras
âkâsha-cakra, 420
âkâshas (vyomans), 322, 325, 329, 396, 402, 411, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420
Akattiyar, 82
âkimcanya-âyatana, 156, 162, 164. See also emptiness
Akkulkot, Swami, 20
Akshapâda Gautama, 78
alchemy, 81, 82, 260, 367, 383, 416, 436–437n. 19
alcohol, 20, 23. See also wine
Alexander the Great, 141
alinga, 220, 242, 243, 244
Allah, 128
Allah-Upanishad, 61
Allâma Prabhudeva, 389, 390
lvârs, 41, 279, 280–281, 288
amâ, 422
amanaskatâ, 322, 325
Amanaska-Yoga, 400
Amaraugha-Prabodha, 400
Amar Dâs, 334
amarolî, 424
ambrosia. See soma (amrita)
Amitâbha, 173
Amitâyur-Dhyâna-Sûtra, 173
amrita. See immortality; soma (amrita)
Amrita-Anubhava, 290
Amrita-Bindu-Upanishad, 34—36, 128, 311, 312
Amrita-Nâda-Bindu-Upanishad, 6, 128, 311, 312, 313-316, 440n. 8
amrita-nâdî, 355
amriti-karana-mudrâ, 362
anâhata-cakra. See cakras
anâhata-shabda, 336, 413
ânanda. See Bliss; bliss
nanda, 158
nanda Bhairava, 389
nandagiri, 206
nanda-Laharî, 345, 348, 350
ânanda-maya-kosha, 132
Anandamayi Ma, 292
ânanda-samâpatti, 252, 253
nanda-Samuccaya, 421–422
Ananta, 85, 214
Anantadeva, 236
anâtman. See nonself
ânava-upâya, 266
ânavî-dîkshâ, 18
Angad, 334
angas. See eightfold path
Angas, 141–142
angels, 83
anger, 66, 81, 146, 198, 314, 315, 355, 376
Angirasa-Samhitâ. See Atharva-Veda
Angirases, 103, 107–109, 131. See also Ghora
Anguttara-Nikâya, 158
anima, 344, 441n. 5. See also feminine principle; shakti
animals, 94, 246, 393; sacrifice of, 101, 128, 262, 283, 379, 418. See also specific animals animan, 229, 323, 367, 415
animus, 441n. 5
anjali-mudrâ, 193, 360, 437n. 15
ama. See food
anna-maya-kosha, 132
Annapûrnâ, 40
Antakrid-Dashâ-Anga, 142
ntâl, 281
antar-âtman, 273
antar-drishti, 322, 323, 325
antariksha, 121, 322
antar-ikshana, 323, 371
antar-yajna (inner sacrifice), 63, 124—125, 139, 319
Anu-Gîtâ, 187, 197, 279
anupâya, 265
anus, 391, 402, 404, 409, 417, 420
Anushuyâ, 23
Anuttara-Upapâtika-Dashâ-Anga, 142
anuttara-yoga-tantra, 179
Anuvrata movement, 143
anuyoga, 178
Anuyoga-Dvâra-Sûtra, 141
apâna: anus and, 404; Buddhism and, 173; defined, 351; fire altars and, 124; gunas and, 404; immortality and, 413; jîva and, 404; kundalinî and, 406, 411; longevity and, 414; mind and, 351; prâna and, 404, 409, 410–412, 414, 421; scriptures on, 300, 316, 404, 406, 409, 410–412, 414, 417; Self and, 126; Tantra and, 351; Vrâtyas and, 120, 121
pastamba, 120, 184, 208
apavâda. See neti-neti
apavarga, 78. See also liberation
aphrodisiacs, 364
Appar, 276–277
apunar-bandhakas, 149
râda Kâlâpa, 156
ranyakas, 62, 63, 74, 123, 125, 126–127
arcanâ. See ritual
Arcanapuri Ma, 292
archaic consciousness, 92
Ardhanarîshvara, 354
arhats, 147, 167
Arishtanemi, 140
Aristeides, 17
Aristotle, 92
ârjava, 131, 147, 150, 246, 247
Arjuna, 38, 68, 106, 136, 186–196, 208, 305310, 320
Arjun Dev, 334
Arnavas, 347
artha, 207
arts, 345
Arundhatî, 295
Arya, Pandit Usharbudh, 438n. 11
ârya-ashta-anga-mârga, 157
ryadeva, 169
Aryan invasion theory, 61, 63, 96–99
asamprajnâta-samâdhî. See ecstasy (samâdhî)
asamsakti. See attachment
&n
bsp; âsanas, 248–249, 393–395; Ahirbudhnya- Samhitâ on, 280; âsana-niyama, 324; baddha-padma-âsana, 298, 402, 411; baka-âsana, 394; bhadra-âsana, 100, 150, 315, 331, 393; bhujanga-âsana, 393; Buddhism and, 162; conditions for practicing, 296–297; danda-âsana, 150; dhanur-âsana, 393; Dharma-Shâstras on, 209; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 95; garuda- âsana, 393; Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 390–391, 393, 423; godohika-âsana, 150; go-mukha-âsana, 280, 393; goraksha- âsana, 100, 393; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401–402, 411, 412, 413, 415, 416; gupta- âsana, 393; hanumân-âsana, 394; Hathayoga and, 393–395; Hatha-Yoga- Pradîpikâ on, 393, 423; for Jaina meditation, 150–151; kâya-utsarga, 150–151; kuk-kuta-âsana, 280, 393; kûrma-âsana, 280, 393; liberation and, 372, 402; makâra-âsana, 393; manduka-âsana, 393; Mantra-Yoga and, 53; marîci-âsana, 394; matsya-âsana, 393; matsyendra-âsana, 393; mayûra-âsana, 280, 393, 394; meditation and, 150–151, 162, 393, 395, 416; mood alteration by, 248–249; mrita-âsana (shava-âsana), 393; mukta-âsana, 393; nata-râja-âsana, 394; number of, 393, 401; overemphasizing, 395; padma-âsana (kamala-âsana), 53, 150, 297, 298, 315, 331, 393, 401, 402, 411; pârshva-baka- âsana, 394; paryanka, 150, 162;pashci- mottana-âsana, 393; on pashupati seal, 100; picchâ-mayûra-âsana, 394; Purânas on, 297, 298; purpose of, 248–249, 359, 391, 393, 395; râja-kapota-âsana, 394; samkata-âsana, 393; sarva-anga- âsana/shîrshâ-âsana (viparîta-karanî- mudrâ), 366, 395, 413, 424; shalabha- âsana, 393; Shamanism and, 95; Shiva and, 393; siddha-âsana, 318, 393, 401, 402; Siddha tradition and, 82; Sikhism and, 337; simha-âsana, 393; sukha-âsana, 150, 416; svastika-âsana, 53, 315, 393; therapeutic, 81, 331, 393, 395, 402, 412; tittibha-âsana, 394; Upanishads on, 137, 315, 318, 324, 331; ushtra-âsana, 393; utkata-âsana, 391, 393; utkatika-âsana, 150; uttâna-carana, 103; uttâna-kurmaka- âsana, 393; vajrâ-âsana, 150, 393; vîra- âsana, 150, 393; vriksha-âsana, 393; vrisha-âsana, 393; vrishcika-âsana, 394; yoga-âsana, 315, 393; yoga-danda-âsana, 394; Yoga-Sûtra on, 224, 225, 244, 248–249
Asanga, 171
asceticism (tapas), 65–67; Absolute and, 70, 341; Aghorîs and, 263; Aurobindo and, 56, 76; bhakti and, 192; of body, 247; described, 66–67, 247, 298, 459; devotion vs., 377; dharma-shâstras on, 208; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 66; energy and, 247; fire and, 66, 95, 247; of Gautama the Buddha, 156; Gîtâs on, 247, 282, 283–286; gunas and, 247; initiation and, 52; Jainism and, 139, 140–141, 143, 145, 146–147, 148–151; Kâpâlikas and, 261; magic and, 28, 67; Mahâbhârata on, 65–67; Manu-Smriti on, 208; mental, 247; as niyama, 224, 225, 246, 247; prânayd- ma and, 208; Purânas on, 290, 298, 300–301; Râmâyana on, 185; Reality and, 341; renunciation and, 65, 70; risk is and, 105; Self and, 196; Self-realization and, 70, 341; Shamanism and, 95; Siddha- Siddhânta-Paddhati on, 421; siddhis and, 67, 230, 367; Sikhism and, 336, 337; of speech, 247; Tantras on, 245, 372, 377; truthfulness and, 245; Upanishads on, 131, 206, 328; Vedas on, 66, 67, 113, 116, 120; Yoga-Sûtra on, 221, 224, 225, 230, 246, 247; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304. See also renunciation
The Yoga Tradition Page 93