Ashoka, 157, 158
âshrama. See stages of life
shrama-Upanishad, 71
ashta-anga-yoga, 23, 208, 216
Ashtâ-Sâhasrikâ-Sûtra, 163, 164
ashtâvakra-âsana, 394
Ashtâvakra-Gîtâ, 22
Ashvaghosha, 16
ashva-medha, 101, 128, 379, 418
asmitâ, 218, 221, 230, 231, 243, 244, 253. See also ahamkâra; ego
asmitâ-mâtra, 244
Asparsha-Yoga, 7, 28, 207, 235
âsrava, 145
Assam, 402
Assyria, 99
asteya, 208, 224, 225, 245, 246, 301
asthma, 412
astral body. See subtle body
astral travel, 229
astrology, 82, 141
astronomy, 97, 105, 121, 141
asuras, 371, 437n. 21, 442n. 37
Atharvan, 114
Atharva-Veda, 114-119; ranyakas and, 125; on asceticism, 67, 120; Brâhmanas and, 124; contents of, 102, 114–119, 120, 121, 131, 435nn. 60, 67; date of, 62, 114; “Hymn of Man” in, 103; on initation, 9; on medicine, 79, 80; Purânas and, 296; on rishis, 105; source reading from, 116–119; Upanishads and, 131, 435n. 54
atheism, 60, 198, 240
Atîsha, 179, 385
ativâhika-deha. See transmutation
atiyoga, 178-179
tma-Anushâsana, 145
âtma-dhyâna, 318
âtman: defined, 453; Jainism and, 143, 144, 145, 146, 151; Mîmâmsâ and, 73; Pre- Classical Sâmkhya and, 198; Upanishads and (see Absolute [brahman], Upanishads on); Vedânta and, 4, 74, 130, 257, 258; Vedas and, 127. See also Absolute (brahman); Being; essence; purusha; Self (transcendental)
âtma-nivedana, 37
Atman project, xxvi-xxvii, xxx, 16, 130
atomization. See miniaturization
Atri, 23, 104, 434n. 41
attachment: Bhakti-Yoga and, 36–37; bhûmis and, 431n. 9; Buddhism and, 170; Gîtâs on, 189, 190; greed and, 246; ignorance and, 241; Jainism and, 145; karma and, 189; as klesha, 221, 222; memory and, 246; mind and, 189–190; Moksha- Dharma on, 198, 199; Purânas on, 297; renunciation and, 68, 70; Self and, 189; Shaivism and, 349; Tantras on, 372; Upanishads on, 324; Yoga-Sûtra on, 221–222, 229, 230, 241, 245, 246; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 305, 306, 307–308
attention: concentration and, 250; Jainism and, 146; liberation and, 260; Moksha- Dharma on, 202, 205; prâna and, 249; Shiva-Sûtra on, 266; spiritual process and, 287; Upanishads on, 316, 321, 325; Vedânta and, 5; Yoga definition and, 4, 5, 6; Yoga-Sûtra on, 4, 249, 250, 251
Audumbaras, 71
Augustine, Saint, 37
Auls, 292
aura, 320
Aurobindo, Sri, xxvi, 28, 55–58, 69, 93, 104, 105, 107, 437n. 9
aushadhi, 364–365, 367. See also drugs
authenticity, xxx, 9, 28
authority, 15
Avadhûta-Gîtâ, 22, 66, 431n. 37
avadhûtas, 19, 20, 22–23, 24–25, 66, 71, 325, 421
âvâhani-mudrâ, 361
Avalokiteshvara, 165–166, 168, 173, 385
Avalon, Arthur. See Woodroffe, Sir John
avatâras, 85–86, 185, 187, 192
aversion, 221, 222, 241
Avi, 118, 435n. 56
avidyâ. See ignorance
avishesha, 244
avyakta, 135, 345
awareness/Awareness, 4, 5, 34, 241, 254, 271, 358, 359, 364
axial age, xxx, 92
Ayodhyâ, 183, 184
yur-Veda, 62, 78–82, 389, 433n. 18
yurveda and the Mind, 80
yur-Veda-Sûtra, 81
B
Babylonia, 63, 97
Bâdarâyana. See Brahma-Sûtra
Bagalâmukhî, 87, 345
Bagchi, Prabodh Chandra, 172
Bahûdakas, 71
Baladeva Mishra, 236
balance, 7, 29, 32, 242, 390, 393, 399, 408, 419, 422
balas. See strength
balis. See offerings
Bâna, 261
bandha (bondage). See bondage (bandha)
bandhas (locks), 395–396; described, 395–396; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 406, 408–409, 417–418; Hatha-Yoga and, 395–396, 423, 424; jalandhâra-bandha, 395, 397, 406, 408, 424; kundalinî and, 317, 417–418; liberation and, 406; mahâ- bandha, 395, 424; mahâ-vedha and, 395; mûla-bandha, 317, 318, 395, 406, 409, 424; Sahaja tradition and, 346; Shiva- Samhitâ on, 424; uddîyâna-bandha, 395, 406, 408, 424; Upanishads on, 317
Bandhudatta, 164
baptism, 9, 17
bardos, 180–181
Barlaam and Josaphat, 158
Basava, 264, 390
Basil, Saint, 19
basti, 391
Baudhâyana, 120, 184, 208
Baudhâyana-Dharma-Sûtra, 209
Bauls, 279, 292, 384
beauty, 51, 229
bees, 370, 398. See also honey doctrine
begging, 10, 70, 71, 284, 300, 319, 336
Being: Chain of, 135, 239–241; Classical Yoga and, 241; devotion and, 248; Gîtâs on, 190; Pre-Classical Yoga and, 198; Shiva-Sûtra on, 271; Sikhism and, 334, 335, 336; Supreme, xxv-xxvi; Tantra and, 366, 369; Upanishads on, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 135, 257, 311; Vedas on, 101–102, 103, 105, 110; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 310. See also Absolute (brahman)
Being-Consciousness, 4, 5, 252, 267, 322, 372–373
Being-Consciousness-Bliss, 9, 311, 321, 323, 325, 343, 353, 364, 369, 399, 458. See also Consciousness-Bliss
belief, faith vs., 33, 37
bell, 402, 412, 417, 420
Benares. See Varanasi
Bengal, 292, 384, 388, 389
Bentov, Isaac, 357
Berendt, Joachim-Ernst, 312
Bernard, Theos, 249
Berry, Thomas, 59
Besant, Annie, 188
Bhagavad-Gîtâ, 187–196; on action, 47–48, 189–190, 379; lvârs and, 279; Anu-Gîtâ and, 197; on Arjuna’s vision, 38; on asceticism, 247; Atharva-Veda and, 131; Bauls and, 279; Bhâgavata-Purâna and, 279; Bhakti-Yoga and, 40, 50, 191, 192, 196; Brahma-Gîtâ and, 305–306; Buddhism and, 188, 200; Buddhi-Yoga and, 31, 191; commentaries on, 290, 384, 437n. 9; date of, 74, 96, 183, 187, 188; on death, 131, 133, 191; described, 7–8, 40, 105, 187–192, 313; Gîtâ-Govinda and, 279; on God, 190–192, 195–196; Hindu philosophy and, 74; integralism and, 50, 63, 191; Îshvara-Gîtâ and, 298; Jainism and, 188; Jnâna-Yoga and, 31, 50, 191; Karma-Yoga and, 49, 50, 189, 191; Mantra-Yoga and, 53; on merging with the Divine, 38; on mind, 189–190, 191, 247; Moksha-Dharma on, 200; perfection and, xxv; on renunciation, 68, 189; rishis and, 106; Sâmkhya and Yoga and, 31; on Self, 189, 192–196, 243; source reading from, 192–196; Upanishads and, 136, 137, 184; Vyâsa and, 186; Vydsa-Gîtâ and, 298; Yoga definition in, 6–7; Yoga elements in, 96, 190–191, 192; Yoga- Vâsishtha and, 304
Bhâgavata-Purâna: Classical Yoga and, 281; commentaries on, 291, 292; date of, 281, 296; described, 40, 281–283, 296, 297; Devî-Bhâgavata and, 88, 287; on dvesha- yoga, 37–38, 287; Gîtâs and, 279, 282–286, 297; Rishabha in, 140; source reading from, 283–286; on Yoga, 281
bhâgavata-yoga, 280
Bhagavati- Vyâkhyâ-Prajnapti-Anga, 142
Bhagîratha, King, 65–66, 305
Bhairava, 261, 262, 265, 266, 270, 374
Bhairavî, 87, 345
bhakti. See devotion (bhakti); love
bhakti-mârga, 36, 41, 61, 64, 291
bhakti-rasa, 289–290
Bhakti-Rasa-Amrita Sindhu, 37
Bhakti-Sûtra, 36, 38, 42–47, 277, 432n. 24
Bhaktivedanta Swami, A. C., 292
Bhakti-Yoga, 36–47, 64; Bhagavad-Gîtâ on, 40, 50, 191, 192, 196; Buddhism and, 169, 173; caste system and, 208; described, 36–39; emotions and, 36–37, 38–39, 40, 41, 64, 192, 287, 289; Hatha- Yoga vs., 289; nondualism and, 311; Purânas on, 298; rishis and, 105; Shaivism and, 40–41, 264, 265, 278; Sikhism and, 265, 335, 336; source reading for, 42–47; Sufism and, 61; Upanishads on, 330; Vaishnavism and, 279, 280–293; Val
labha school of, 236
Bhâmati, 235
Bharadvâja, 66, 78, 434n. 41
Bharata, King, 123, 184, 360
Bhârata war, 185, 186, 234—235
Bharati, Agehânanda, 52, 175, 358
Bhârgava lineage, 131
Bhartrihari, 386, 387
Bhâsarvajna, 345
Bhâshyas, 234-236. See also specific Bhâshyas
bhastrikâ, 398
Bhâsvatî, 236
Bhattacharya, Vidhusekhara, 169
bhâva, 147, 160, 169, 170, 284, 285, 289–290
bhava-cakra, 160–161
bhâvanâ. See contemplation; visualization
Bhâvarthadîpikâ, 290
Bhâvaviveka, 207
Bhâva-Yoga, 299
Bhavishya-Purâna, 296
bhiksha. See begging
Bhîshma, 70, 199, 200–205, 234
bhoga, 78, 365, 366. See also experience; pleasure
Bhogar, 383–384
Bhoja, King, 4, 29, 235, 247
Bhoja-Vritti, 235
bhrama. See delusion
Bhrigu, 66, 131, 132
bhûh, 209, 314, 409
bhûmis, described, 7–8, 15–16, 121, 167–168, 305, 431n. 9
bhû-pura, 364
Bhûta, 265
bhûta-âtman, 35, 200, 206, 438n. 22. See also ego
bhûtas. See elements (bhûtas)
bhûta-shuddhi, 357–358
bhûta-siddhi, 422
bhuvah, 209, 314, 409
Bhuvaneshvarî, 87, 345
Bihar, 114, 120, 140, 155, 156, 236
bîja, 273, 454
Bîjak, 293
bîja-mantras, 172, 298, 397, 415–416
bindu: as blue pearl, 417; death and, 400; defined, 34, 312, 454; mandalas and, 177; om and, 312, 314, 317, 409; rajas and, 407–408; Rig- Veda on, 111; Shiva as, 408; Tantra and, 312, 359; visualization and, 398; yantras and, 364; Yoga-Shikhâ- Upanishad on, 330. See also Bindu- Upanishads; seed; semen
Bindu Nâtha, 389, 390
Bindu- Upanishads, 311, 312–318. See also specific Bindu-Upanishads
bioplasma, 249, 351
birth, 9, 170, 367, 437n. 21. See also reincarnation
al-Bîrûnî, 235
bliss/Bliss: Absolute and, 5, 132, 419; amrita-nâdî and, 355; avadhûtas and, 22; Buddhism and, 172, 173; Classical Yoga and, 252; defined, 453; devotion and, 282; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 218, 252, 253; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401, 417; mahâ- mudrâ and, 181; maithunâ and, 366; mental purity and, 246; moksha and, 149; Moksha-Dharma on, 202; pleasure and, 148, 341–346; prâna and, 266; prânâyâ- ma and, 398; Reality and, xxvi; samâpatti and, 253; sattva and, 201, 202; Self and, 127, 417; Shakti as, 267, 356; sheath of, 132; Shiva-Sûtra on, 266, 271; supreme, 257, 401; Tantra and, 131, 177, 178, 181, 341–346, 373, 376, 378; Upanishads on, 5, 132, 257, 311, 318, 321, 325
Blofeld, John, 177, 181
blue pearl, 320, 321, 417
bodhi (bodha): defined, 156. See also liberation (enlightenment); understanding
Bodhi-Caryâ-Avatâra, 167
bodhi-citta, 33, 167, 179
Bodhidharma, 174
bodhisattva ideal, 94, 149, 158, 164–170, 433n. 7
bodily humors. See doshas
body; Absolute and, 382; artificial body- minds, 230; yur-Veda and, 80; balance of, 318; Buddhism and, 160, 168, 175, 177, 178, 183; as chariot, 313; Classical Yoga and, 81; as defiled, 382, 442n. 2; dissolving into light, 384; divine, 30, 180, 382, 383, 390, 408; Divine and, 382; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 29–30; enlightenment and, xxix, 30, 382–383, 390; entering another, 229, 298; fire altars and, 124; God and, 372, 384, 390; Hatha-Yoga and, 29–30, 36, 381–383, 384, 390, 399–400, 420; Integral Yoga and, 56; Jainism and, 144–145, 150–151; Kundalînî-Yoga and, 399; levels of embodiment, 132, 144–145, 350, 420, 431n. 40; materialism and, 382, 400; meditation and, 381; as microcosm of macrocosm, xxxix, 124, 173, 322, 350, 360, 364, 411, 421; narcissism and, 30; perfection of, 229, 247, 297; Purânas on, 299, 442n. 2; Reality and, 382, 390, 399; religious metaphor and, xxix; as Shakti, 399; sheaths of, 132, 144–145, 350, 420; Shiva and, 329, 421; Tantra and, 175, 177, 178, 342, 343–344, 382–383, 384, 399; transmutation of, 36, 137, 275, 328–331, 353, 382–383, 384, 408; Uddhava-Gîtâ on, 284; Upanishads on, 257, 382; verticalism and, xxix, 56, 68–69; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 306. See also marmans; subtle body; specific body parts
body cultivation, 81, 258, 383
Body of Myth, The (Sansonese), xxix
body-oriented therapies, 31
Bohm, David, xxvii, 266, 346
bondage (bandha), 145, 285, 304, 319, 325–329, 335, 454
books: Jainism and, 148, 152, 153; learning from, 9, 36, 128, 236–237, 246, 312, 329, 341. See also language; study
boredom, existential, 69
Brahma: cakras and, 353; described, 86, 185, 310, 454; the Goddess and, 299, 344; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 409, 415; lordship siddhi and, 368; mother of, 23; om and, 409; Self and, 195; shakti and, 409; trinity and, 185; Upanishads on, 133–134, 313; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 310
Brahma-Bindu-Upanishad. See Amrita- Bindu- Upanishad
brahmacarya. See chastity (brahmacarya)
brahma-dvâra, 405
Brahma-Gîtâ, 305–310
brahma-loka, 133
brahman (Absolute). See Absolute (brahman); Being
brahman (meditation), 104, 118
brâhmana estate, 9, 11, 60, 101, 106, 157. See also Brahmins
Brahmânanda, 423
Brâhmanas, 124–125; date of, 61, 62, 63, 97–98, 123, 124, 435n. 2; described, 24–25, 125; Hindu philosophy and, 73; Maitrâyanas and, 206; on mathematics, 98; oral transmission of, 128; on prânâyâma, 412; on ritual, 39, 63, 124–125, 435n. 1; on Self, 127
Brahmânda-Purâna, 296
Brahmanical Age, 63
brahma-nirvâna, 191
Brahma-Purâna, 296–297
brahma-randhra. See brahmic fissure
Brahma-Samhitâ, 279
Brahma-Sûtra, 33, 64, 74, 234; commentaries on, 33, 235, 236, 288
Brahma-Vaivarta-Purâna, 296
brahma-vidyâ, 11
Brahma-Vidyâ-Upanishad, 11, 16, 128, 311, 319, 320
brahmic fissure, 316, 321, 402, 416, 417, 418, 420. See also crown of head; sahasrâra-cakra
brahmic gate, 405
brahmins: bhakti and, 192; conservatism of, 105; Jainism and, 145; karma and, 60; kshatriyas and, 86, 133; mathematics and, 97–98; meditation and, 126; memorization by, 128; renunciation and, 70; rishis and, 101, 105; sacrificial rituals and, 39–40, 105, 126; scriptures on, 125, 264, 286, 296; shamans and, 94; Upanishadic Age and, 106, 123; Vrâtyas and, 120; Yoga and, 208. See also brâhmana estate; Vedas
brain, xxvii, xxx, 57, 249
breath, 318, 319, 326. See also hamsa; prâna; prânâyâma
bridal mysticism, 281, 288
Briggs, George Weston, 387
Brihad-ranyaka-Upanishad, 128–130; Aitareya-Upanishad and, 133; date of, 125, 127, 435n. 2; described, 10, 70, 124, 126–127, 128–130, 431n. 10; honey doctrine in, 115–116
Brihadratha, King, 69, 206
Brihad- Yogî- Yâjnavalkya-Samhitâ (Brihad- Yogi-Yâjnavalkya-Smriti), 411, 422–423, 431n. 42
Brihatî, 236
Brihat-Samnyâsa-Upanishad, 70
Brooks, Douglas Renfrew, 347
Brunton, Paul, xv
buddha: defined, 156. See also Self (transcendental); tathâgatas
Buddha: as Hindu deity, 86; marks of, 156; transcendental, 168, 169, 170, 171. See also Amitâbha; Avalokiteshvara; Gautama the Buddha; Maitreya
Buddha-Carita, 16
Buddhaghosa, 159
Buddhaguhya, 178
buddhr. Classical Yoga and, 243; as discriminative knowledge, 28, 240; existence hierarchy and, 135; gunas and, 200; as higher mind, 74, 135, 136, 199, 268, 297, 323; as illumined reason, 31, 32, 419; Jnâna-Yoga and, 31, 32; mahat as, 77; Nature and, 200; Pre-Classical Yoga and, 199, 200–204; rishis and, 434n.
41; Sâmkhya and, 77; Self-realization and, 93; Shaivism and, 268, 349; as wisdom faculty, 31, 77, 135, 191, 268, 300, 301, 306, 323; Yoga and transcendence of, 93. See also Buddhi-Yoga; intuition; thought; wisdom
Buddhism, 155–181; Asparsha-Yoga and, 207; Bhagavad-Gîtâ and, 188, 200; Bhakti-Yoga and, 169, 173; bodhisattvas and (see bodhisattva ideal); Ch’an, 6, 174; Christianity and, 158; Classical Yoga and, 161, 163, 198, 214, 215, 232; crazy wisdom and, 20, 21; deities and, 83, 175; dependent origination doctrine of, 160, 161, 170; eightfold path of, 157, 159, 161–163; emergence of, 63, 64, 92, 120; emotions and, 162; emptiness doctrine of (see emptiness, Buddhism and); focus of, 139, 158, 163; four noble truths of, 157, 159; Hînayâna (see Hînayâna Buddhism); Hinduism and, xvii, 64, 72, 159, 163, 168, 171, 172, 174, 383, 388; history of, 155–158; India and, 59, 74; initiation and, 9; Jainism and, 159, 172, 383, 388; Jodo, 173–174; Kâlacakrayâna, 173; literature of, 157–174; Mâdhyamika, 169, 436n. 19; Mahâsânghika, 171; Mahâyâna (see bodhisattva ideal; Mahâyâna Buddhism); Mantrayâna, 171–172, 174, 358; nihilism and, 162; nirvâna and (see nirvâna, Buddhism and); no-self doctrine of, 159, 160–161, 170, 175; number of adherents, 59, 158; psychology and, 239; Pure Land, 173; Sahajayâna (see Sahajayâna Buddhism); Sâmkhya and, 198; Shankara and, 157, 171; Siddha tradition and, 163, 383, 388; skandhas and, 160, 165–166; source readings on, 164–166, 169–170; suffering and (see suffering, Buddhism and); Tantra and (see Vajrayâna [Tantric] Buddhism); Theravâda, 156, 157, 162, 173 (see also Hînayâna Buddhism); three bodies of Buddha doctrine of, 168; Upanishads and, 159, 160, 164; Vajrayâna (see Vajrayâna [Tantric] Buddhism); verticalism and, 56, 57; Vijnânavâda, 157, 171; Yogâcâra, 157, 171, 174; Yoga vs., 237; Zen, 6, 173–174, 181. See also Buddha; Gautama the Buddha
Buddhi-Yoga, 28, 31, 48, 304, 405
budhyamâna. See jîva
bull, 84, 108, 110, 393, 413
Byron, Lord, 34
c
caitanya. See consciousness; Consciousness
Caitanya, Shrî, 291–292
The Yoga Tradition Page 94