Mahâ-Bhâshya, 214, 259
mahâ-bhâva, 289
Mahâcîna-câra-Krama-Tantra, 342, 365
Mahâdeva, 185-186, 344
Mahâdevî, 40
mahâ-mudrâ. See mudrâs
Mahâ-Nârâyana-Upanishad, 127, 133-134, 439n. 10
Mahânirvâna-Tantra, 19, 21–22, 245, 342, 348, 358, 430n. 30
Mahâ-Parinibbâna-Sutta, 157
Mahâ-Purânas, 296
mahâ-rajas. See rajas
Maharashtra, saints of, 290–291, 384, 388
Maharshi, Sri Ramana, xv, 50, 355
Mahâsânghika Buddhism, 171
mahâ-sattvas, 169
mahâ-siddhas, 178–179, 290, 367–368, 383, 385–386, 387–390. See also mahâ-siddhis
mahâ-siddhis, 276, 298, 323, 367–368, 395, 414, 417, 430n. 18
mahat, 77
Mahâ-Vâkya-Upanishad, 128, 311, 319
mahâ-vedha, 395
mahâ-vidyâ, 87–88, 344–345
Mahâvîra, xxx, 92, 139–141, 142, 144, 145
mahâ-vrata, 224, 245
Mahâvratins. See Kâpâlikas
Mahâyâna Buddhism, 163–174; Ashvaghosha and, 16; Classical Yoga and, 232; crazy wisdom and, 20; date of, 157; described, 33, 157, 163–164, 167–169, 243, 456; emergence of, 64; emptiness doctrine of, 157, 162, 163–166; Hînayâna vs., 157, 164, 167, 169; Hinduism and, 168, 171, 172; literature of, 157, 163–166; nirvâna equals samsâra and, xxix, 20, 157, 164, 343; no-self doctrine and, 159; Patanjali and, 163; schools of, 6, 57, 69, 157, 163, 167, 169, 171–174, 181; Shankara and, 157; source readings on, 164–166, 169–170; suffering and, 159, 436n. 6; three bodies of Buddha doctrine of, 168; Upanishads and, 159, 164, 318; Vajrayâna (Tantric) Buddhism and, 174, 175; Vedânta and, 171, 243. See also bodhisattva ideal
Mahâyâna-Sûtra-Alamkdra, 171
Mahâyâna-Vimshaka, 169–170
Mahâ-Yoga, 178, 299
mahesha, 264
Mahesha, 418
Maheshvara, Lord, 297, 401, 443n. 21
Maheshvaras, 383
mdheshvara-yoga, 297
Mahîdhâra, 52–53, 401
mahiman. See magnification
maithunâ, 7, 177–178, 262, 364, 365–366, 373, 374
Maitrâyanîya-Upanishad, 6, 69, 127, 183, 206, 246, 312, 382, 432n. 12, 438nn. 22, 26
Maitreya, 163, 171, 437n. 34
Maitreyanâtha, 171
Maitreya-Upanishad, 206
Maitreyî, 10
Majjhima-Nikâya, 158
Makuta, 265
malas (impure substances), 80
Malli, 141
mâmsa, 364, 373–374
mana, 249, 351
manana. See consideration
manas: bindu as, 34; buddhi-yoga and, 405; cakras and, 354; Classical Yoga and, 243; defined, 304, 456; existence hierarchy and, 35; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 405, 419; gunas and, 201; Karma-Yoga and, 50; kundalinî and, 358; mantras and, 51; Moksha-Dharma on, 199, 200; Pre-Classical Yoga and, 136; Purânas on, 297; rishis and, 434n. 41; Sâmkhya and, 77, 136; Self and, 34, 93; senses and, 136; Shaivism and, 268, 349; source reading on, 34–36; Uddhâva-Gîtâ on, 285, 286; Upanishads on, 34–36, 135; Yoga and, 93; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304–305, 306. See also mind
mânasa-dîkshâ, 18
Mânava-Dharma-Shâstra, 208
Mandala-Brâhmana-Upanishad, 16, 128, 311, 321, 324–325
mandalas, 175, 176–177, 364, 456. See also yantras
Mandana Mishra, 73–74
Mandara, Mount, 376
Mândavya, 23
mânduki-mudrâ, 396
Mândûkya-Kârikâ, 7, 28, 206–207, 235
Mândûkya-Upanishad, 104, 127, 183, 206–207, 43 8n. 28
Mânikkavâcakar, 265, 276, 278
Mani-Prabhâ, 236, 367
manipura-cakra. See cakras
manishâ, 104, 109, 110, 114
Manjushrî-Mûla-Kalpa, 342
mano-maya-kosha, 132
mano-nâsha, 325
Mantragupta, 261
Mantra-Kaumudî, 53
Mantra-Mahârnava, 53
Mantra-Mahodadhi, 52–53, 364
Mantra-Mukta-valî, 53
mantras, 358–359; Absolute and, 5, 52, 359; adept’s mind and, 271; aham brahma- asmi, 5, 52, 129, 311; ajapâ-gâyatrî- mantra (hamsa-mantra), 317, 319, 404–405, 414, 442n. 12; Being and, 271; bhûta-shuddhi and, 358; bîja-mantrâs, 172, 298, 397, 415–416; brahmins and, 105; Buddhism and, 166, 171–172, 174; for cakras, 353, 354; consciousness and, 207, 358, 359; death, 131; defined, 51, 358, 457; deities and, 52, 358, 371; dhâranis, 172; Dharma-Shâstras on, 208–209; emotions and, 51; expiation and, 208; gate gate para-gate … , 166, 172; gâyatrî-mantra, 130, 131, 171, 209, 313, 314, 438n. 29; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 404–405, 415–416, 419; grace and, 359; ham, 354, 404–405; hûm, 172, 298; initiation and, 9, 18, 52, 54, 358–359; Jainism and, 148; kavâcas, 172; lam, 353; liberation and, 358, 405; magic and, 51, 52, 358, 359, 419, 433n. 8; mâtrikâs and, 266; meditation and, 51, 52, 130, 137, 172, 297; mind and, 51–52, 271, 358; Mûl- Mantra, 334; namu amida butsu, 174; om (see om); om mani padme hûm, 52, 172; om nâmah shivâya, 277, 298–299; om sac-cid-ekam brahma, 22; of the Perfection of Wisdom, 166; phat, 172; Purânas on, 298–299; purposes of, 52, 358–359; ram, 353; renunciation and, 71; repetition of, 175, 271, 358–359; satnam, 337; secret hidden in all, 271; Shiva’s name and, 277, 298–299, 439n. 10; Shiva- Sûtra on, 266, 271; Siddha tradition and, 82, 384; siddhis and, 230, 367; Tantra and, 245, 358–359, 371, 372, 375, 377; truthfulness and, 245; Upanishads on, 311, 312–318; vairâja-pranava, 317; vam, 353; Vedas on, 51, 52, 104; vibration and, 51, 359; yam, 354; Yoga-Sûtra on, 230. See also nâda; sound
mantra-shâstra, 51, 358
Mantrayâna Buddhism, 171–172, 174, 358
Mantra-Yoga, 51–54; ânava-upâya and, 265; bhakti and, 53; Buddhism and, 166, 171–172, 174; described, 15, 28, 51–54, 298–299; Goraksha and, 442n. 9; Mantrayâna tradition and, 171–172; nâda and, 442n. 9; rishis and, 105; scriptures on, 52–53, 104, 298–299, 311, 312–318, 329–330, 400, 422, 424; Tantra and, 52, 54
Mantra-Yoga-Samhitâ, 53–54, 360
Manu, 85, 184, 208, 296, 434n. 31, 457
Manu-Smriti, 208–209
manvantara, 296
Map of Mental States, A, 251
mârana, 368
mârdava. See humility
marital fidelity, 184–185
Mârkandeya-Purâna, 22–23, 296, 299, 300–301
Mark the Mad, 19
marmans, 80–81, 326, 327–328, 355
Marpa, 21, 23, 178, 383
martial arts, 80
Maslow, Abraham, 80
Mâtanga, 265
Mâtangî, 87, 345
matangi-mudrâ, 396
Mâtarîshvan, 119, 435n. 61
materialism, xxvii, xxix, 72, 78, 239, 241, 246–247, 382, 400, 428. See also mâyâ; science
material welfare, 207
mathematics, 63, 97–98
mâtras. See objects
mâtrâs, 313, 326, 328, 397, 411
mâtrikâs, 266, 269, 358, 359. See also Sanskrit alphabet
matsya, 364, 373; âsana, 393; mudrâ, 362
Matsya, 85
Matsya-Purâna, 296
matsyendra-âsana, 393
Matsyendra Nâtha, 348, 383, 385–386, 387, 401, 421, 423, 442n. 8, 457
matter. See materialism; Nature
maturation stages, 7–8, 14, 15–16, 305, 336, 424, 431n. 9
mauna. See silence
mâyâ: Buddhism and, 164, 165, 170; Classical Yoga and, 241; defined, 56, 457; forms as, 390; Gîtâs on, 185, 285; Krishna on, 190; mind and, 34; quantum physics and, 381; Shaivism and, 267, 268, 269, 270, 349; Shiva-Samhitâ on, 424; Shiva-Sûtra on, 272; Sikhism and, 334, 335; Tantra and, 346; Upanishads on, 321; Vaishnavism and, 285, 288, 290–291; Vedas on, 435n. 60; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 304
mâyâ-vâda, 56, 290–291
meat, 364, 373–374, 389
medicine,
62, 78–82, 141, 389, 390, 400. See also healers; health; illness
meditation: absorption and, 54–55; ânava- upâya and, 266; ranyakas on, 74; âsanas and, 150–151, 162, 393, 395, 416; asceticism and, 67; bodhisattva path and, 168; body and, 381; brahmins and, 126; Buddhism and, 161–162, 168, 169, 172, 178, 180–181, 342, 346; cakras and, 249, 350; coarse vs. subtle, 369, 398; concentration and, 251, 252, 412; defined, 226, 251, 369–370, 416, 455; devotion and, 282; Dharma-Shâstras on, 209; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 252, 370, 412, 418–419; ego and, 381; of Gautama the Buddha, 156; Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 391, 398; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 410, 412, 416–417, 418–419; on hamsa, 318, 319; Hatha-Yoga and, 28–29, 398; Integral Yoga and, 58; Jainism and, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149–151, 153; kriyâs and, 176; Laya- Yoga and, 54–55; liberation and, 371, 417; Lingâyatas and, 263–264; location for, 150, 297, 301; on lotus of the heart, 317; mandatas and, 176; mantras and, 51, 52, 130, 137, 172, 297; Mantra-Yoga and, 53; memory and, 251, 252, 418; mind and, 34–35; Moksha-Dharma on, 199, 200, 204–205; mudrâs and, 176, 360, 395, 396; nâdîs and, 350, 410; oldest form of Yoga and, 27; om and, 52, 130, 137, 297, 312, 313; paradox of, 251;prânâyâma and, 151; props for, 24–25, 431n. 42; Purânas on, 297, 298, 299, 301; purity and, 246; Râja-Yoga and, 28–29; sacrifice vs., 418; samanu, 397; Self and, 391, 398; senses and, 136–137, 199; Shata-Rudrîya on, 206; Sikhism and, 336, 337; sleep vs., 251, 252; stages of, 199, 204–205, 264; Tantra and, 150, 180–181, 342, 369–373; Upanishads on, 74, 125, 126, 127, 136, 206, 312, 313, 314, 317, 322, 325, 327–328, 331; Vaishnavism and, 288–289; Vedas on, 104, 109, 118; vrittis and, 251–252; Yoga-Sûtra on, 220, 222, 224, 226, 241, 244, 245, 251–252; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 304, 305. See also contemplation; visualization
Mehrgarh, 62, 98, 99
Mehtabhak, Swami, 348
memorization, 128
memory: attachment and, 246; chastity and, 10; deep, 231; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 252; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 416, 418; meditation and, 251, 252, 418; mudrâ for, 360; nondualism and, 5; Purânas on, 297; samskâra-nirodha and, 252; tradition and, 128; two aspects of, 252; Yoga-Sûtra on, 217, 218, 220, 231, 232, 251, 252; yogic explanation of, 55. See also remembrance
menstrual blood. See rajas
mental consciousness, 93, 94. See also mind merit, 170, 376, 378, 379, 382, 403, 412, 418
Meru, Mount, 357, 376
Mesmer, Anton, 249
metabolism, 81, 353
metanoia, 254
metaphor: religious, xxix; Vedas and, 83, 105, 106
mid-region. See antariksha; bhuvah
Mila-Grubum, 178
milam, 180
Milarepa, 21, 178, 383
Milinda-Panha, 158–159
milk, 87, 101, 109, 309, 420
Miller, Jeanine, 102, 104, 105, 113
Mîmâmsâ, 6, 72, 77, 235
Mimâmsâ-Sûtra, 72, 73–75
Mîna Nâtha, 385–386, 388
mind: Absolute and, 35; action and, 189–190; apâna and, 351; asceticism of, 247; attachment and, 189–190; yur-Veda and, 80; bhûmis and, 431n. 9; bindu as, 34; bliss and, 246; Buddhism and, 159, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 170–171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 180, 346; buddhi-yoga and, 405; cakras and, 354; Chinnamastâ and, 88, 345; conventions for focusing, 424; desire and, 202; dissolution of, 325, 358, 372; doubt and, 202; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 29, 30, 312, 370, 399, 419; evolution and, xxvi; existence hierarchy and, 135; experience and, 241–242; five concentrations and, 415, 416; Five M’s and, 364; form and, 51; Gîtâs on, 189–190, 191, 247, 284, 285; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401, 405, 407, 409, 413, 415, 416, 419; gunas and, 200–204; Jainism and, 146, 152; Jnâna-Yoga and, 31, 34–36; Karma-Yoga and, 50; knowledge and, 36; kundalinî and, 358, 405; liberation and, 34–36, 93, 135, 242; mantras and, 51–52, 271, 358; mâyâ and, 34; meditation and, 34—35; Moksha-Dharma on, 199, 200–205; mudrâs and, 359, 407; phenomenal self as, 272; prâna and, 249, 351, 381, 409; prânâyâma and, 249, 397; Pre- Classical Yoga and, 136; Purânas on, 297, 298, 299, 301; purity of, 34, 246, 285; Râja-Yoga and, 29; rishis and, 434n. 41; Sâmkhya and, 77, 136, 240; Self and, 34, 241, 419; semen and, 381; senses and, 135, 136, 230, 250; Shaivism and, 268; sheath of, 132; Shiva-Sûtra on, 270, 271–272; Sikhism and, 336; source reading on, 34–36; Supermind, 57–58; Tantra and, 175, 177, 178, 180, 369–373; Upanishads on, 34–36, 135, 257, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325–328; Vedas on, 405; vibration and, 348; yantras and, 364; Yoga and transcendence of, 93, 135, 136; Yoga-Shâstra on, 424; Yoga-Sûtra on, 217–221, 223, 230, 241–242, 243; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304—305, 306–308. See also buddhi, citta; concentration; conceptualization; consideration; discernment; discrimination; insight; manas; meditation; thought; visualization; volition
mindfulness, 161, 162, 218
miniaturization, 229, 323, 367, 415
Mîrâ Bâî, 292, 293
miracles, 87, 95, 277, 290, 336, 386, 387. See also siddhis
misconception, 217, 251
misogynism, 140–141, 260
mita-âhâra, 246, 406
Modern Age, 64–65
mohâ. See delusion
Mohenjo-Daro, 63, 96, 98, 99–100
moksha: defined, 149, 457. See also kaivalya; liberation
Moksha-Dharma, 187, 197–205
monks, 161, 286, 300
moon: Absolute and, 422; amrita and, 413, 440n. 19; bindu and, 407; Buddhism and, 173; doshas and, 411; eyes and, 322; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 404, 407, 409, 410, 411, 413, 415; guru types and, 430n. 13; hatha and, 352, 390, 442n. 13; head and, 410, 411; heart and, 422; hidden, 422; kalâ and, 414, 415; nâdîs and, 321, 352, 390, 404, 410, 422; new, 422; nostrils and, 397; number sixteen and, 440n. 19; om and, 409; palate and, 407, 413; as prajnâ, 173; Self and, 194; sexuality and, 80; Shiva and, 84; shukra and, 407; sun and, 173, 194, 352, 413, 421; Uddhâva- Gîtâ on, 284, 285; Upanishads on, 322; Vrâtyas and, 121; Yoga-Sûtra on, 228. See also entries beginning with lunar
moral causation, law of. See karma
moral disciplines. See yamas
morality: yur-Veda and, 80; Bhagavad-Gîtâ on, 189–190; Buddhism and, 159–160; Carpâta-Shataka on, 422; chastity and, 10; Hindu philosophy and, 72, 73; as human goal, 207; Jainism and, 143, 145, 146, 148; karma and, 143; liberation and, 207–208; Moksha-Dharma on, 198; Pre- Classical Age and, 184, 207–209; Samhitâs on, 280; Shaivism and, 258; Sikhism and, 335, 336; spirituality and, 207–208; Tantra and, 175; Vishnu and, 85; Yoga-Sûtra on, 208, 245–248; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 306. See also dharma; ethics; niyamas; yamas
Mother, 58, 88, 110, 185, 344, 345
mouth, nâdî in, 404
Mrigendra, 265
mudrâs, 175–176, 359–363, 395–396; abhaya-mudrâ, 176; anjali-mudrâ, 193, 360, 437n. 15; ashvini-mudrâ, 396; âvâhani-mudrâ, 361; bhujanginî-mudrâ, 396; bhûmi-sparsha-mudrâ, 175–176; Buddhism and, 175–176; cakra-mudrâ, 363; Classical Yoga and, 248; concentration and, 396; dâna-mudrâ, 176; death and, 407, 418; deities and, 359, 360–361, 395; described, 175–176, 359–363, 395–396, 457; dharma-cakra-mudrâ, 176; dhenu-mudrâ (amritî-karana-mudrâ), 362; dhyâna-mudrâ, 176; Five M’s and, 364, 373; Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 391, 393, 395–396, 423; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 406–407, 408, 413, 418; Hatha-Yoga and, 395–396, 423, 424; Hatha-Yoga- Pradîpikâ on, 395, 423; jnâna-mudrâ (cin-mudrâ), 360, 418; kâkî-mudrâ, 396; khecârî-mudrâ (see khecârî-mudrâ); kûrma-mudrâ, 362; liberation and, 407; mahâ-mudrâ, 181, 317, 395, 406–407, 408, 424; mahâ-vedha, 395; mânduki- mudrâ, 396; Mantra-Yoga and, 53; mâtan- gi-mudrâ, 396; matsya-mudrâ, 362; meditation and, 176, 360, 395, 396; mind and, 359, 407; nabho-mudrâ, 395, 406, 407; nâdîs and, 418; number of, 359; padma- mudrâ, 362; pâshinî-mudrâ, 396; prâna- mudrâ, 360; Purânas on, 298; ritual and, 359–360; samnidhâpani-mudrâ, 361; samnirodhanî-mudrâ, 361; as seals, 359; shakti-câlanî-mudrâ, 396; shâmbhavî- mudrâ, 323, 369, 396; shanka-mudrâ, 363; Shiva and, 360, 363; shiva-linga- mudrâ, 363; Shiva-Samhitâ on, 424; shûnya-mudrâ, 360; siddhis and, 395; soma (amrita) and, 354, 362, 395, 396, 413, 414; stability and,
391; sthâpana- karmani-mudrâ, 361; sûrya-mudrâ, 360; tâdâgi-mudrâ, 396; Tantra and, 175–176, 359–363, 364, 366; therapeutic, 360, 406, 407, 414; vajrolî-mudrâ, 366, 396, 424; viparîta-karani-mudrâ (sarva-anga- âsana), 366, 395, 413, 424; Vishnu and, 360; vishnu-mudrâ, 360; yantras and, 360; yoginî-jnâna-mudrâ, 418; yoni- mudrâ (shan-mukhi-mudrâ), 363, 395–396, 407
Muktananda, Swami, 268, 320, 417
mukti. See liberation (enlightenment)
mukti-advesha, 148
Muktîkâ-Upanishad, 127, 312
mûla-bandha, 318, 395, 406, 409, 424
mûlâdhâra-cakra. See cakras
Mûla-Sûtras, 141
Mûller, Max, 76, 96, 213, 236, 438n. 26
Muller-Ortega, Paul Eduardo, 347
Mûl-Mantra. See Japji
mumukshutva. See liberation (enlightenment), impulse toward
Mundaka-Upanishad, 70, 127, 183, 206
munis, 66, 70, 106, 457
mûrcchâ-kumbhaka, 398
Murphy, Michael, 368
Murukan, 41
music, 51, 345. See also chanting
Music of the Spheres, 130, 354. See also nâda
Muslims, 59, 61, 141, 143, 334
mysticism, 65, 66, 72–78, 94, 101–105, 130–132, 281, 288
mythical consciousness, 92–93
Mythic Yoga, 68–69, 93. See also verticalism
mythology: Puranic, 296, 298, 299; Vedic, 106, 124, 133, 296
myths, defined, xxix
N
Nâbhânedishtha, 103
nâbhi-cakra. See cakras
nabho-mudrâ, 395, 406, 407
Nâcciyâr-Tirumoli, 281
Naciketas, 134
nâda: death and, 400; defined, 457; ether and, 416; Hatha-Yoga and, 442n. 9; heart and, 354; Mantra-Yoga and, 320, 442n. 9; nâdî purification and, 410; om as, 457; prânâyâma and, 412; scriptures on, 317, 319, 329–330, 400, 410, 412, 416, 417; Tantric speech model and, 359. See also anâhata-shahda; shabda
nâda-anusamdhâna, 319
Nâda-Bindu-Upanishad, 128, 311, 317
nâda-yoga, 28, 320
nâdîs: amrita-nâdî, 355; nanda-Samuccaya on, 422; arrangement of major, 352; yur-Veda and, 80; blocking network of, 408; citrini-nâdî, 352; concentration and, 350; described, 350–351, 352–353, 402, 403–404; disease and, 352, 408; dissolution of, 272; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 402, 403–404, 410, 418; Hatha-Yoga and, 80, 353, 390; illustrated, 54, 127, 352; immortality and, 124, 390; kânda and, 317, 352, 403, 405; Kânphatas and, 386; kurma- nâdî, 228; Laya-Yoga and, 55; light and, 352, 355; meditation and, 350, 410; metabolism and, 353; mudrâs and, 418; nâda and, 410; number of, 124, 352, 402, 403;prâna and, 351, 352, 353, 356, 397, 410; prânâyâma and, 410; purification of, 397, 410; Shiva-Sûtra on, 272; Smritis on, 422–423; subtle body and, 350–351, 352–353; sun and moon and, 321, 352, 390, 404, 410, 422; Tantra and, 350–351, 352–353; triple path and, 418; tumo and, 180; Upanishads on, 124, 317, 327–328, 330; vajra-nâdî, 352; Vedas on, 116. See also idâ- and pingalâ-nâdîs; sushumnâ- nâdî
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