Zama
Page 44
Another exceedingly helpful book was Gustave Flaubert’s novel Salammbo, written in 1862. This remarkable love story, set in Carthage after the first Punic War, describing a standoff between Carthage and its unpaid mercenary troops, was the source of many of my images of Carthage and the times. I owe Flaubert a huge debt of gratitude for his seemingly living picture of life in Carthage two thousand years ago.
The crystal lens and the glass bead were known long before 200 B.C., but the use of them together was not. The presence of this concept in the book is not historical.
Primary Sources:
Bauman, Richard A., Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, Routledge, London, 1992.
Carey, Brian Todd, and Joshua B. Allfree, John Cairns, Hannibal’s Last Battle: Zama and the Fall of Carthage, Westholme Publishing, Pennsylvania, 2008.
Cowell, F.R., Life in Ancient Rome, Berkley Publishing Group, New York, 1980.
Daly, Gregory, The Experience of Battle in the Second Punic War, Routledge, New York, 2002.
Dodge, Theodore A., Hannibal, Da Capo Press, Boston, 1891.
Dupont, Florence, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, translated by Christopher Woodall, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1989.
Everitt, Anthony, The Rise of Rome, Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, 2013.
Flaubert, Gustave, Salammbo, Albert and Charles Boni, New York, 1930.
Herodotus, The Histories of Herodotus, translated by Harry Carter, The Heritage Press, New York, 1958.
Jaeger, Mary, Archimedes and the Roman Imagination, University of Michigan Pres, United States, 2011.
Laxenby, J.F., Hannibal’s War, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1998.
Livy, The War with Hannibal, translated by Aubrey De Sélincourt, Penguin Classics, London, 1965.
MacLachlan, Bonnie, Women in Ancient Rome, New York, 2013.
Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, Penguin Books, New York, 2010.
Műnzer, Friedrich, Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families, translated by Thérèse Ridley, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1999.
Nicolet, Claude, The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980.
Plutarch, Lives, translated by John Dryden, The Publishers Plate Renting Company, New York, 1937.
Polo, Francisco Pina, The Consul at Rome, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2011.
Polybius, The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, translated by Ian Scott-Kilvert, Penguin Classics, London, 1979.
Scheid, John, An Introduction to Roman Religion, Indiana University Press. 2003.
Taylor, Lily Ross, Roman Voting Assemblies, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1993.
Warrior, Valerie M., Roman Religion, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2006.
The map of Rome at the front of the book comes from Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 9, page 70.
Notes:
In several cases, pieces of dialogue in the novel have been paraphrased or repeated word for word from dialogue appearing in Livy’s The War with Hannibal or Polybius’ The Rise of the Roman Empire. The most extensive of these passages are identified below.
1. Publius Scipio’s and Quintus Fabius’ debate before the Roman Senate on the strategy of going to Africa on page 108-113 of the novel comes from the above referenced version of Livy, pages 550-560.
2. Scipio’s prayer prior to leaving Lilybaeum for Africa on pages 251-252 of the novel comes from Livy, page 601.
3. Scipio’s criticism of Syphax and of Masinissa regarding their relationships with Sophonisba on pages 343-346 of the novel comes from Livy, pages 634-637.
4. The dialogue between Hannibal and Publius Scipio on the plains of Zama on pages 375-377 of the novel comes from the above referenced version of Polybius, pages 470-475.
5. Hannibal’s speech to the Council of Elders on pages 399-400 of the novel comes from Polybius, page 481-482.
THE AUTHOR
Dan Armstrong is the editor and owner of Mud City Press, a small publishing company and online magazine operating out of Eugene, Oregon. Information about his books, short stories, political commentary, humor, and environmental studies is available at www.mudcitypress.com.