by Dave Asprey
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7.Yanlong Jia et al., “Thallium at the Interface of Soil and Green Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.): Soil-Plant Transfer and Influencing Factors,” Science of the Total Environment 450–51 (April 15, 2013): 140–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.008.
8.Zenping Ning et al., “High Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution of Thallium in Green Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Capitata L.),” International Journal of Phytoremediation 17, no. 11 (2015): 1097–104, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2015.1045133.
9.Sung Kyun Park et al., “Associations of Blood and Urinary Mercury with Hypertension in U.S. Adults: The NHANES 2003–2006,” Environmental Research 123 (May 2013): 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.02.003; Mark C. Houston, “Role of Mercury Toxicity in Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke,” Journal of Clinical Hypertension 13, no. 8 (August 2011): 621–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00489.x.
10.Arif Tasleem Jan et al., “Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 12 (2015): 29592–630, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226183.
11.Margaret E. Sears, “Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review,” The Scientific World Journal 2013 (March 14, 2013): 219840, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/219840.
12.Sears, “Chelation,”; Alan Becker and Karam F. A. Soliman, “The Role of Intracellular Glutathione in Inorganic Mercury-Induced Toxicity in Neuroblastoma Cells,” Neurochemical Research 34, no. 9 (September 2009): 1677–84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-009-9962-3.
13.Lambros Kromidas, Louis David Trombetta, and Ijaz Siraj Jamall, “The Protective Effects of Glutathione Against Methymercury Cytotoxicity,” Toxicology Letters 51, no. 1 (March 1990): 67–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(90)90226-C.
14.Ralf Dringen, “Metabolism and Functions of Glutathione in Brain,” Progress in Neurobiology 62, no. 6 (December 2000): 649–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00060-X.
15.Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew, and Haim Tapiero, “The Importance of Glutathione in Human Disease,” Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 57, no. 3–4 (May–June 2003): 145–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(03)00043-X.
16.Lester Packer, Hans J. Tritschler, and Klaus Wessel, “Neuroprotection by the Metabolic Antioxidant Alpha-Lipoic Acid,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22, no. 1–2 (1997): 359–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00269-9.
17.Packer, Tritschler, and Wessel, “Neuroprotection.”
18.D. Ziegler et al., “Treatment of Symptomatic Diabetic Polyneuropathy with the Antioxidant Alpha-Lipoic Acid: A 7-Month Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (ALADIN III Study). ALADIN III Study Group. Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy,” Diabetes Care 22, no. 8 (August 1999): 1296–301, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01109.x.
19.Mostafa I. Waly, Zahir Humaid Al Attabi, and Nejib Guizani, “Low Nourishment of Vitamin C Induces Glutathione Depletion and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Young Adults,” Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 20, no. 3 (September 2015): 198–203, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2015.20.3.198.
20.C. S. Johnston, C. G. Meyer, and J. C. Srilakshmi, “Vitamin C Elevates Red Blood Cell Glutathione in Healthy Adults,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, no. 1 (July 1993): 103–105, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/58.1.103.
21.Hoseob Lihm et al., “Vitamin C Modulates Lead Excretion in Rats,” Anatomy & Cell Biology 46, no. 4 (2013): 239–45, https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.239.
22.Tina Tinkara Peternelj and Jeff S. Coombes, “Antioxidant Supplementation During Exercise Training: Beneficial or Detrimental?,” Sports Medicine 41, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 1043–69, https://doi.org/10.2165/11594400-000000000-00000.
23.Christy C. Bridges and Rudolfs K. Zalups, “Molecular and Ionic Mimicry and the Transport of Toxic Metals,” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 204, no. 3 (May 2005): 274–308, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420059984-c10.
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25.Pasi Kuusisto et al., “Effect of Activated Charcoal on Hypercholesterolaemia,” The Lancet 2, no. 8503 (August 16, 1986): 366–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90054-1.
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27.Antonello Santini and Alberto Ritieni, “Aflatoxins: Risk, Exposure and Remediation,” in Aflatoxins—Recent Advances and Future Prospects, ed. Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh (IntechOpen, January 23, 2013), https://www.intechopen.com/books/aflatoxins-recent-advances-and-future-prospects/aflatoxins-risk-exposure-and-remediation.
28.Takuya Uchikawa et al., “Enhanced Elimination of Tissue Methymercury in Parachlorella beijerinckii-Fed Mice,” Journal of Toxicological Sciences 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 121–26, https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.36.121.
29.Dorothy A. Kieffer, Roy J. Martin, and Sean H. Adams, “Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys,” Advances in Nutrition 7, no. 6 (November 2016): 1111–21, https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013219.
30.Isaac Eliaz et al., “The Effect of Modified Citrus Pectin on Urinary Excretion of Toxic Elements,” Phytotherapy Research 20, no. 10 (October 2006): 849–64, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1953.
31.Vladislav V. Glinsky and Avraham Raz, “Modified Citrus Pectin Anti-Metastatic Properties: One Bullet, Multiple Targets,” Carbohydrate Research 344, no. 14 (September 28, 2008): 1788–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.038.
32.Steven De Berg, “A Lifesaving Nutrient in Citrus Fruit,” LifeExtension, October 2014, https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2014/10/why-some-people-need-modified-citrus-pectin/page-01.
33.Lu-Gang Yu et al., “Galectin-3 Interaction with Thomsen-Friedenreich Disaccharide on Cancer-Associated MUC1 Causes Increased Cancer Cell Endothelial Adhesion,” Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no. 1 (January 5, 2007): 773–81, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M606862200; Qicheng Zhao et al., “Circulating Galectin-3 Promotes Metastasis by Modifying MUC1 Localization on Cancer Cell Surface.” Cancer Research 69, no. 17 (September 1, 2009): 6799–806, https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1096; Maria Kolatsi-Joannou et al., “Modified Citrus Pectin Reduces Galectin-3 Expression and Disease Severity in Experimental Acute Kidney Injury,” PLoS One 6, no. 4 (2011): e18683, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018683; Dirk J. A. Lok et al., “Prognostic Value of Galectin-3, a Novel Marker of Fibrosis, in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Data from the DEAL-HF Study,” Clinical Research in Cardiology 99, no. 5 (May 2010): 323–28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-010-0125-y.
34.Gervasio A. Lamas et al., “Heavy Metals, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Unexpected Benefits of Chelation Therapy,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 67, no. 20 (May 24, 2016): 2411–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.066.
35.Margaret E. Sears, Kathleen J. Kerr, and Riina I. Bray, “Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Sweat: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012 (2012): 184745, https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/184745.
36.Larry A. Tucker, “Physical Activity and Telomere Length in U.S. Men and Women: An NHANES Investigation,” Preventive Medicine 100 (July 2017): 145–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.027.
CHAPTER 8: POLLUTING YOUR BODY WITH OZONE
1.Renate Viebahn-Haensler, The Use of Ozone in Medicine, 4th ed. (Medicina Biologica, 2002).
2.Zullyt Zamora Rodríguez et al., “Preconditioning with Ozone/Oxygen Mixture Induces Rever
sion of Some Indicators of Oxidative Stress and Prevents Organic Damage in Rats with Fecal Peritonitis,” Inflammation Research 58, no. 7 (July 2009): 371–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-009-0001-2.
3.Robert J. Rowen, “Ozone Therapy as a Primary and Sole Treatment for Acute Bacterial Infection: Case,” Medical Gas Research 8, no. 3 (July–September 2018): 121–24, https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.241078.
4.Robert J. Rowen et al., “Rapid Resolution of Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola) in Sierra Leone with Ozone Therapy,” African Journal of Infectious Diseases (AJID) 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 45–59, https://doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v10i1.10.
5.Michael B. Schultz and David A. Sinclair, “Why NAD(+) Declines During Aging: It’s Destroyed,” Cell Metabolism 23, no. 6 (June 14, 2016): 965–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.022.
6.Christian T. Sheline, M. Margarita Behrens, and Dennis W. Choi, “Zinc-Induced Cortical Neuronal Death: Contribution of Energy Failure Attributable to Loss of NAD+ and Inhibition of Glycolysis,” Journal of Neuroscience 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 3139–46, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03139.2000.
7.Leonard Guarente, “Sirtuins in Aging and Disease,” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 72 (2007): 483–88, https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2007.72.024.
8.Eriko Michishita et al., “SIRT6 Is a Histone H3 Lysine 9 Deacetylase That Modulates Teomeric Chromatin,” Nature 452, no. 7186 (March 27, 2008): 492–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06736.
9.Hongying Yang et al., “Nutrient-Sensitive Mitochondrial NAD+ Levels Dictate Cell Survival,” Cell 130, no. 6 (September 21, 2007): 1095–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.035.
10.Suping Wang et al., “Cellular NAD Replenishment Confers Marked Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Cell Death: Role of Enhanced DNA Repair,” Stroke 39, no. 9 (September 2008): 2587–95, https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.509158.
11.Sydney Shall, “ADP-Ribose in DNA Repair: A New Component of DNA Excision Repair,” Advances in Radiation Biology 11 (1984): 1–69 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-035411-5.50007-1.
12.Shall, “ADP-Ribose.”
13.Evandro Fei Fang et al., “NAD Replenishment Improves Lifespan and Healthspan in Ataxia Telangiectasia Models via Mitophagy and DNA Repair,” Cell Metabolism 24, no. 4 (October 11, 2016): 578, fig. 7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.004.
14.Hassina Massudi et al., “Age-Associated Changes in Oxidative Stress and NAD Metabolism in Human Tissue,” PLoS One 7, no. 7 (July 2012): e42357, fig. 4, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042357.
15.Massudi et al., “Age-Associated Changes,” e42357.
16.Jun Yoshino et al., “Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, a Key NAD(+) Intermediate, Treats the Pathophysiology of Diet- and Age-Induced Diabetes in Mice,” Cell Metabolism 14, no. 4 (October 5, 2011): 528–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014.
17.Péter Bai et al., “PARP-1 Inhibition Increases Mitochondrial Metabolism Through SIRT1 Activation,” Cell Metabolism 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2011): 461–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.004.
18.Hongbo Zhang et al., “NAD Repletion Improves Mitochondrial and Stem Cell Function and Enhances Life Span,” Science 352, no. 6292 (June 17, 2016): 1436–43, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2693.
19.Satoru Hayashida et al., “Fasting Promotes the Expression of SIRT1, an NAD+-Dependent Protein deacetylase, via Activation of PPARα in Mice,” Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 339, no. 1–2 (June 2010): 285–92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-010-0391-z.
20.David S. Williams et al., “Oxalocetate Supplementation Increases Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans Through an AMPK/FOXO-Dependent Pathway,” Aging Cell 8, no. 6 (December 2009): 765–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00527.x.
CHAPTER 9: FERTILITY = LONGEVITY
1.C. C. Zouboulis and E. Makrantonaki, “Hormonal Therapy of Intrinsic Aging,” Rejuvenation Research 15, no. 3 (June 2012): 302–12, https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2011.1249.
2.Cynthia K. Sites, “Bioidentical Hormones for Menopausal Therapy,” Women’s Health 4, no. 2 (March 2008): 163–71, https://doi.org/10.2217/17455057.4.2.163.
3.Peter J. Snyder et al., “Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Men Over 65 Years of Age,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 2647–53, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.8.5885.
4.Anne M. Kenny et al., “Effects of Transdermal Testosterone on Cognitive Function and Health Perception in Older Men with Low Bioavailable Testosterone Levels,” Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57, no. 5 (May 2002): M321–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.5.M321.
5.Giuseppe M. Rosano et al., “Low Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Male Patients with Angina,” International Journal of Impotence Research 19, no. 2 (March–April 2007): 176–82, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901504.
6.Rishi Sharma et al., “Normalization of Testosterone Level Is Associated with Reduced Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and Mortality In Men,” European Heart Journal 36, no. 40 (October 21, 2015): 2706–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv346.
7.Nikolaos Samaras et al., “Off-Label Use of Hormones as an Antiaging Strategy: A Review,” Clinical Interventions in Aging 9 (July 23, 2014): 1175–86, https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S48918.
8.Jacques E. Rossouw et al., “Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results from the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial,” JAMA 288, no. 3 (July 17, 2002): 321–33, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.3.321.
9.Samaras et al., “Off-Label Use.”
10.Michael Castleman, “The Prescription for a Longer Life? More Sex,” Psychology Today, May 15, 2017, https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/all-about-sex/201705/the-prescription-longer-life-more-sex.
11.Samuel S. C. Yen, “Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Longevity: New Clues for an Old Friend,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98, no. 15 (2001): 8167–69, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.161278698.
12.Alessandro D. Genazzani, Chiara Lanzoni, and Andrea R. Genazzani, “Might DHEA Be Considered a Beneficial Replacement Therapy in the Elderly?,” Drugs & Aging 24, no. 3 (2007): 173–85, https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200724030-00001.
13.M. Murad Basar et al., “Relationship Between Serum Sex Steroids and Aging Male Symptoms Score and International Index of Erectile Function,” Urology 66, no. 3 (September 2005): 597–601, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.060.
14.Sun-Ouck Kim et al., “Penile Growth in Response to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Treatment in Patients with Idiopathic Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism,” Chonnam Medical Journal 47, no. 1 (April 2011): 39–42, https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2011.47.1.39.
15.Christian Elabd et al., “Oxytocin Is an Age-Specific Circulating Hormone That Is Necessary for Muscle Maintenance and Regeneration,” Nature Communications 5, (2014): 4082, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5082.
16.Jean-Jacques Legros, “Inhibitory Effect of Oxytocin on Corticotrope Function in Humans: Are Vasopressin and Oxytocin Ying-Yang Neurohormones?,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 26, no. 7 (2001): 649–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(01)00018-X.
17.Thomas G. Travison et al., “A Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American Men,” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92, no. 1 (January 2007): 196–202, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006–1375.
18.Jeff S. Volek et al., “Testosterone and Cortisol in Relationship to Dietary Nutrients and Resistance Exercise,” Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 1 (1997): 49–54, https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.49.
19.Esa Hämäläinen et al., “Diet and Serum Sex Hormones in Healthy Men,” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20, no. 1 (1984): 459–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(84)90254-1
20.E. Wehr et al., “Association of Vitamin D Status with Serum Androgen Levels in Men,” Clinical Endocrinology 73, no. 2
(August 2010): 243–48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03777.x.
21.Susan Jobling et al., “A Variety of Environmentally Persistent Chemicals, Including Some Phthalate Plasticizers, Are Weakly Estrogenic,” Environmental Health Perspectives 103, no. 6 (June 1995): 582–87, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103582.
22.Edwin J. Routledge et al., “Some Alkyl Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) Are Estrogenic,” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 153, no. 1 (December 1998): 12–19, https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1998.8544.
23.Katrina Woznicki, “Birth Control Pills Put Brakes on Women’s Sex Drive,” WebMD, May 5, 2010, https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/news/20100505/birth-control-pills-put-brakes-on-womens-sex-drive#2.
24.Claudia Panzer et al., “Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Androgen Levels: A Retrospective Study in Women with Sexual Dysfunction,” Journal of Sexual Medicine 3, no. 1 (January 2006): 104–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00198.x.
25.William J. Kraemer et al., “Endogenous Anabolic Hormonal and Growth Factor Responses to Heavy Resistance Exercises in Males and Females,” International Journal of Sports Medicine 12, no. 2 (May 1991): 228–35, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024673.
26.Patrick Wahl, “Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to High Intensity Interval Training,” Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies 3 (January 24, 2013): e132, https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000e132.
27.European Society of Cardiology, “Endurance but Not Resistance Training Has Anti-Aging Effects,” EurekAlert!, November 27, 2018, https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/esoc-ebn112618.php.
28.Salam Ranabir and Reetu Keisam, “Stress and Hormones,” Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 15, no. 1 (2011): 18–22, https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.77573.
29.Andrew B. Dollins et al., “L-Tyrosine Ameliorates Some Effects of Lower Body Negative Pressure Stress,” Physiology & Behavior 57, no. 2 (February 1995): 223–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(94)00278-D.