17. F. Hyde, Cunard and the North Atlantic 1840–1973: a History of Shipping and Financial Management (London, 1975), pp. 296–302.
18. Ibid., pp. 309, 313.
19. Howarth and Howarth, Story of P&O, pp. 160–61.
20. B. Dickinson and A. Vladimir, $elling the Sea: an Inside Look at the Cruise Industry (2nd edn, Hoboken, 2008), pp. 21–2.
21. M. Levinson, The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger (2nd edn, Princeton, 2008), pp. 29–30, 34.
22. Ibid., pp. xi, 36–49, 53; B. Cudahy, Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World (New York, 2006), pp. 20–25.
23. Levinson, The Box, pp. xi, 53; quotation cited by Cudahy, Box Boats, p. 35.
24. Ibid., pp. 50–53, 57; Cudahy, Box Boats, pp. 26–32.
25. Levinson, The Box, p. xiii.
26. Ibid., pp. 55–7; Cudahy, Box Boats, pp. 35–6, 40–41.
27. Levinson, The Box, pp. 58, 101–26.
28. Cudahy, Box Boats, pp. 69, 75, 84–9 (the observant will note that the ship loaded whisky, not whiskey as Cudahy opines), 100–106.
29. Levinson, The Box, pp. 171–88, 196, 201, 204–5; Cudahy, Box Boats, pp. 106–8, 153.
Conclusion
1. A. Antonello, ‘The Southern Ocean’, in D. Armitage, A. Bashford and S. Sivasundaram, eds., Oceanic Histories (Cambridge, 2018), pp. 301–8.
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the print edition from which this ebook was created, and clicking on them will take you to the the location in the ebook where the equivalent print page would begin. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Entries starting with the Old Norse letter thorn (Þ) are filed after Z.
Aaron 80
Abacan 226
abalone 196, 232
Abbas, Shah of Iran 705, 706
Abbasids 164, 170, 173, 364, 366
‘Abdu’l-‘aziz, Sa‘id 291–2
Aborigines 8–9, 10
and first Dutchmen in Australia 736, 737, 741
Tasmanian 742
voting rights in Australian states 733
Yolŋu 10
Abu Dhabi 62
Abu Mufarrij 176, 177, 178, 179
Abu Zayd Hassan of Siraf 156, 172
abzu 56, 66
Acapulco 616, 619, 621, 623, 624, 630, 631, 642, 648, 701, 706
Aceh, Sumatra 689
Achilles, SS 865, 866
Achnacreebeag 308
Adam of Bremen 367, 393
Adams, William (Miura Anjin) 631, 632, 691–2
Aden xviii, 51, 105–6, 180–82, 185, 187, 265, 266, 267, 598, 600–601, 604, 605
Admiralty Islands 10
Adulis 104, 115, 123
adzes 15
Aegean 83, 85
naval warfare 595
Syros island 873
Afghanistan 54, 57, 59, 202
lapis lazuli 62
Afonso de Lorosa, Pedro 576–7
Afonso V of Portugal 504, 505, 506, 507
Afriat, Aaron 839
Africa 500–503
boats 502
and China 265–7
coastal exploration by Vivaldi brothers 471
and copper 503
east xx, 61, 62, 90, 104, 109, 122, 123, 162, 182, 254, 540, 545–6 see also Eritrea; Ethiopia/Ethiopians; Madagascar; Mauritius; Mozambique; Somalia; Austronesians on coast of 132; Axum see Axum; coast 47, 61, 132; and East Indies 548–9; and Madagascar 759; and the Portuguese 540, 543, 545–6, 547, 548–9; sorghum 114
gold see gold: African
Greek settlers 841
Horn of 266
Maghrib 478, 839, 885
mulatto population 503
and Muslims 500, 502
Operation Torch in north Africa 890
and the Portuguese 465, 476, 490, 501–14, 540, 543, 545–6, 547, 548–9; and the Danes 718–19; and gold 471–4, 501, 502; and slavery see slavery/slaves: and the Portuguese; and Swahili Coast 545–6
pottery/ceramics 492
raiders 548
and the slave trade see slavery/slaves
south 514, 566, 569, 578 see also Cape of Good Hope; and da Gamba 539–40
South see South Africa
sub-Saharan 465, 472, 501, 834, 840; gold 472, 501; slaves 471, 583–4
trade see trade: African
trans-Sahara caravan traffic 475, 834
west 398, 500, 501–7, 702 see also Elmina; Ghana; Guinea; and the Danes 712, 716, 717–22; and Dominican DNA 583; Dutch in 686; Gold Coast 686, 718–19; and maize 752; Mina coast 506–8; Mogador as a gateway to 840; Portuguese trading stations 683, 753–4; and the Swedes 716–17
Agamemnon, SS 865
Agatharchides of Knidos 97
Agricola 344
agriculture/farming
Dutch 675–6
Hawai’ian 26–7
Icelandic 385
irrigation see irrigation
Mesolithic 305
Neolithic 307
in Pacific islands 12
tools 221
agronomy, Lapita 12
Aguado, Juan 528
Ahab 82
Ahaziah, son of Ahab 82
Ahutoru, Tahitian prince 811–12, 813
Ainus 797, 809
aircraft 898
anti-aircraft guns 889
effect of safe jet traffic on passenger shipping across oceans 879–80, 898–9
limitations as cargo vessels 901
and Second World War 887, 888, 889, 891
airlines 898–9
airships 898
Ajanta caves, India 129
Ajax, SS 865
Akkad 57, 62
Akkadian 55
Ala-uddin, sultan 689
Alagakkonara of Ceylon 262–3
Åland 874
Åland Islands 366, 873–6
Alaska 254, 255, 399, 786, 791, 795, 797, 903
and the Russians 804, 805–6, 807–8, 809, 816, 903
Albuquerque, Afonso de 598–9, 600–601, 602–3, 606
Alcáçovas, Treaty of 505
Alcatrázes 491
alder 339
Aleppo 598
Aleutian Islands 786, 793, 797, 804, 805
Alexander VI, Pope 407, 537
Alexander the Great 46, 89, 90, 93, 282, 289
Alexandria 93, 99, 115, 188, 265, 266, 495, 544, 567, 594, 603, 838, 872
and Indian Ocean 96, 103, 187
library 97
and the spice trade 595, 600, 601, 604, 669
steam packet between England and 848–9
and Suez Canal 848–9, 851
taxation by Mamluks in 595
and Venetians 460, 601
Alfonso V of Aragon 512
Alfonso VIII of Castile 471
Alfred, king of Wessex 357, 361
Alfred Holt & Co. see Blue Funnel Line
Algarve 467, 468, 477, 478, 485, 497–9
Algeciras 475, 478
Algeria 477
Ali, Muhammad, of Egypt 848, 849
Alkaff family 823–4
Allure of the Seas 900
Almeida, Francisco de 547, 568, 600, 602
Almohad caliphs 175, 468
almonds 114, 178, 429, 492, 839
Almoravids 501
aloes 153, 194
Als island 342
Alva, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of 673
Amalfi 243
Amazons 581
amber 337–8, 339–42, 472
Baltic 337, 338, 441, 701
beads 339
Jutish 337, 339
and North Sea 337–8, 339
ambergris 180, 467, 766
Amboyna island 615, 689–90, 714
massacre 690
Ambrose, Christopher 455
American Revolution 721–2
and Boston Tea Party 784
Americas see Central America; North America; South America; Un
ited States of America
Ammianus Marcellinus 347
Amoy 826
‘Amr ibn Kulṯum 94
Amsterdam 643, 673, 674, 676, 677, 679, 682, 702, 780, 839
archives 634
Armenians 708
immigrants 677
Long-Distance Company 684
New Christians of 693, 700, 708
and New Julfans 706, 708
Portuguese merchants in 684, 685, 705
printing press 708
Sephardim 701, 702, 704
amulets 179, 398
Amun-Ra (god) 76
Amundsen, Roald 871
Amur River 801, 806
Anatolia 54
anchorites 381, 413
Anconi of Kilwa 547
Ancuvannam 183
Andalusia 467, 505, 656
silks 623
Andamans 43, 260–61
Andouros 111
Andrew of Bristol 570
Angkor, Cambodia 50, 158, 249–50
Angkor Wat temples 140
Angles 344, 347, 348, 352
Anglesey 313, 377
under Norse rule 378
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 357–60
Anglo-Saxons 347, 349–50, 352, 357, 363
Anglo-Saxon England 347, 349, 355–6, 357–62
literature 318, 348, 349–51, 366–7
shipping 349–51
trade 355
and Vikings 357–62
Ango, Jean the Elder 562
Ango, Jean the Younger 562
Ango family of Dieppe 562
Angola 503, 593, 701
Angra, Azores 488 750, 751, 752
Annals of Ulster 372
Annam 239, 255, 260
Anne (cog) 460
Annia family 116
Annunciada 545
Ansip, Andrus 419
Antarctic Ocean xxii, 655
Anthony of Padua, St 697
anti-aircraft guns 889
anti-Semitism 697, 700, 855, 884
Antigua 768
Antilles
Greater 520 see also Cuba; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Puerto Rico
Lesser 520, 767–8, 772 see also Barbados; Trinidad
Antiochos III 94
Antwerp 438, 441, 545, 600, 606, 643, 669–76, 701, 880
banks 673
Bourse 669, 672
Charles V and the banks of 673
and copper 672
English decline in trade with 673
English Merchant Adventurers in 669, 672–3
and Hansards 673
merchants in 672–3; from Bruges 668–9
and the Portuguese 545, 600, 617, 668, 669, 672, 673
printing 672
and the rise of the Dutch 669–76
and silver 668, 672
and south German businessmen 672
and the Spanish 673
spice market 579, 600, 614, 615, 617, 668, 669–72
and Venetians 669–70, 672
Aotea 38
Aotearoa see New Zealand
apples 114
Aqaba, Gulf of 73, 88
Aquinas, Thomas 499, 680
Arabia 52, 71–3, 76, 82, 85
aridification 52
Hadhramawt 128
incense 94, 115
Indian embassies to rulers of south Arabia 129
and opium 825
Sabaea 96
south Arabian pottery 88, 129
and Thaj 94
Zheng He in 265
Arabian Gulf see Persian/Arabian Gulf
Arabian Nights 171
Sinbad the Sailor 133, 156–7, 171
Arabs
of Arabia 52 see also Arabia; and Mouza 105
Bosi see Bosi/Po-ššu
of Egypt 52
invasion of Persia 170
and Madagascar 132
merchants see merchants: Arab
pan-Arabian alliance attempts 605
pirates 130
ships 130, 131, 545–6, 549
in Singapore 823–4
Six-Day War (1967) 896
and Śri Vijaya (Zabaj) 155–8
and Thaj 94
Aragon 468
and Algeria 477
Aran Islands 382
Arawaks 520, 521 see also Taíno Indians
Archangel 677–8, 706
Arctic 655–60
ice 339, 655, 657, 660, 661, 664
Arctic Ocean xxii, 655–67, 801
and the Danes 666–7
and the Dutch 660–61
and the English 657–60, 662–6
and Muscovy Company 659–60, 662
Arellano, captain 615–16
Arezzo 120
Argentina 880
Arguim 501, 502
Argyré 134
Arikamedu 116, 119–21
Arison, Ted 899–900
Aristotle 90
Armenians 619, 705–8, 789, 823, 841, 873
Armitage, David xx
Armorica
axes 320
Veneti 330
aromatics 47, 71, 76, 79, 93, 97, 99, 157, 239–40, 273 see also incense; perfumes
aromatic woods 80, 233, 278, 648 see also sapanwood
Arosca, king 559
Arrian 90–91
arsenic 185
Arsinoë 88
artichokes 170
asbestos 139
Ascension Island 755
ascorbic acid 573
Ashab Mosque 244
Ashikaga shoguns 219, 220, 231
Aso, Mount 196
Aspinall, William 852
Assyrians 55, 61, 323
Astakapra/Hathab 129
Astor, John Jacob 796
astrolabes 544
Atlantic Ocean
Almohad–Portuguese battles in 468
Atlantic Bronze Age 303, 314–25
Atlantic historians/‘Atlantic history’ industry xx, 299
Bristol sailors in 463
businessmen funding transatlantic voyages 525–6
and ‘Celts’ 302
container shipping 901–5
and the Danes 712
Dias’s discovery of link with Indian Ocean 514, 536, 537
‘extensions’ see Baltic; Caribbean; North Sea
in First World War 882
Iron Age 325–38
islands 481–96, 501–2, 745–58 see also specific islands by name; Macaronesian see Macaronesia
Madagascar as link with Indian Ocean 758, 780
and Mediterranean see Mediterranean: and Atlantic Ocean
and Mesolithic cultures 304–7
Muslim fleets in 465–7
and Neolithic communities 299, 307–14
passenger traffic across 860, 869
Portuguese and Spanish sparring for control 526
and ‘processual’ archaeologists 301
promontory forts 328–9
and Pytheas 334–8
sea level changes 303
and Second World War 890
tides 306, 336
and Tordesillas Treaty 537
trade see trade: Atlantic
trade networks see trading networks: Atlantic
transatlantic air services 898–9
transatlantic cables 864
transatlantic trade routes 562–4, 606
transatlantic voyages to reach the ‘Indies’ 517, 522–35, 537, 550–64, 566–8, 571–2
and ‘the Western Seaways’ 299
winds xv, 302, 304, 333, 389, 538, 558, 735–6, 751
Atlas Mountains 468
Atlasov, Vladimir 800
Atrahasis 67
aubergine 178
Aubert, Jean 562
Auðun 401–2
Augsburg 672, 675
Augustinians 615, 640
Augustus Caesar 102, 106
Aurora 839
Australian continent 6, 727–44
Aborigines see Aborigines
and Ålanders 875
on Dieppe
maps 733–4
the Dutch and ‘New Holland’ 733, 735–43
and the English 737
New Guinea see New Guinea
New South Wales 813
Pleistocene 6–7
and the Portuguese 733, 734, 735
and Second World War 887
Spanish search for southern continent 729–32
stone fish traps 9
Tasmania 7, 741–2, 743
Terra Australis speculation 718
Austrialia del Espiritú Santo 732
Austronesian languages 3–4, 12, 16, 27, 131
Austronesians, and Madagascar xxi
Avalokitesvara statue 159
Avienus 332–4
Aviz dynasty 469, 474
Axelson, Eric 514
axes 7, 194, 312, 810
Armorican 320
Carp’s Tongue 324
currency 320
‘median-winged’ 319–20
Mycenaean copper axe 314
palstave 319, 320
socketed 320
Axum 104, 111, 122, 123, 130
coins 167
pottery 115, 167
Ayaz, Malik 602
Aydhab 175–6
Ayla (Aqaba–Eilat) 115, 167
Ayutthaya/Ayudhya 276–9, 290, 706
‘Azafids 475
Azambuja, Diogo de 508, 509
Aznaghi 501
Azores xxi, 471, 486–8, 593, 745, 750–52, 840
and Atlantic/global trading networks 750–51, 752
and the English 750–51
and Flemings 481
Jews 840
and New England 750–51
slaves 497
wheat 752
wine 751
Aztecs 618, 635
Bab al-Mandeb 180
Strait 78, 104
baboons 76
Babylon 88, 91, 93
Babylonia 47, 50, 85, 94
Cyrus’s conquest of 85
great flood myth 56, 67
world map 50
Babylonians 50, 55
bacalao 752
Bạch Đầng 228
Badang (giant) 288
Baffin Island 393, 399, 407, 663
Baghdad 170, 172, 173, 188, 841
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat 605
Bahamas 527, 554
depopulation 531, 582
and piracy 765
trade network 520
Bahrain 52, 54, 65, 66, 67, 244, 598, 599
Qala’at al-Bahrain 65–6
Baiões 323–4
Baitán 382
Balboa, Juan Núñez de 565
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de 563
Balboa (town), Panama 858
Baldridge, Adam 760–61
Bali 146, 280
Baltic 299, 303, 342, 353, 364
amber 337, 338, 441, 701
conquest and transformation in 13th century 420–22
and the Danes 421, 713, 714, 715–16, 721–2
‘Drive to the East’ 418, 425
and the Dutch 675, 676, 677, 685, 686
and England 367, 452–3
exotic goods 716
Hansa members 433–6
herring 430, 436, 451, 674
and ‘Mediterranean of the North’ 415 see also Hansa, German
The Boundless Sea Page 136