merchants 367
and North Sea xxii, 365, 366
paganism 421–2
pitch 721
and Russia 802, 807, 809
rye 420, 428, 439, 444, 675, 676, 682
and silver 364
and the Swedes 421, 422, 677
tar 721
trade see trade: Baltic
Viking raids 362, 365
Vitalienbrüder harassment 447
‘Wendish’ 433
Baluchistan 91
bamboo 12, 122
bananas xxiii, 12, 620
bandits 138, 175–6, 262
Banks, Joseph 3, 743, 812
Bantam, Java 688, 689
Bantam island 736
Bantus 131, 132
Baranov, Alexander 816
Barbados 701, 749, 761–2, 766, 767–8, 769, 772, 774
Bridgetown see Bridgetown, Barbados
workers on Panama Canal 859
Barbar 66
Barbarikon 107, 108, 124
Barbarossa, Hayrettin 607
Barbary Company 657
Barbary corsairs 607, 718, 764, 782
Barcelona 440, 455, 470, 475
Bardi family 526, 533
Barents Sea 658, 678
Barentsz, Willem 660–61, 678
barges 343–4
Baribatani 182
bark boats 9
barley 58, 62, 70, 92, 381, 385, 390, 444, 562
Barros, João de 508, 509
Barus 160, 164
Barygaza 103, 105, 107–8, 124, 128, 138, 185–6
Basques 455, 459, 708
sailors 404, 469, 477, 570
ships 459, 470
Basra 172, 598, 604, 606, 831
Batavia 738–41, 743
Batavia/Batavians 345, 690, 692, 736, 818, 823
steamship link with Singapore 868
Bates, Edward 861–2
Bates, Sir Percy 886
Bayeux Tapestry 371
Bayonne, France 685–6, 701
bdellium 71, 106, 107
beans 177, 246, 492, 604, 643–4
mung 114
soya 648
bears 408
fur/skins 406, 408
polar 391, 397, 401–2, 408, 534
Beaujard, Philippe 132
Beauport monks 562
Bede 353
Bedouins 595
beef 112, 590, 591, 664
beer 431, 432, 462, 664, 760, 761, 901, 902
beetroot 431
Behaim, Martin 572
globe 525, 572, 655
Beijing 254, 261, 265, 267, 636, 827
Beirut 495, 544, 567, 594, 601, 604, 669
Belém 480
Belfast 869–70, 899
Belgium
Flanders see Flanders
railways 880
Belitung wreck 162–4, 165
ben Yiju, Abraham 182, 184–6
ben Yiju family 184
Bencoolen, Sumatra 761, 820
Bengal 255, 269, 562
opium poppy fields 825
Benin 506
Benin City 506
Bensaúde, Elias 840
Bensaúde family 840
benzoin resin 153
Beowulf 318, 348, 350–51, 366–7
Berardi, Giannetto 525
Berbers 468, 472, 836
Muslim Tuareg 500
Sanhaja 501
slaves 502
Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa) 113
Bereniké Troglodytika xviii, 52, 78, 103, 110–23, 179
Bergen 390, 391, 403, 415, 461, 721
Bryggen (wharves) 443, 445, 446
and Hansards 418, 419, 443–6
Norwegian community in 443–4
women 446
Bering, Vitus 802–3
Bermuda 766
Bertoa 560–61
beryl 99, 118
Beth-Horon 83
Beukelszoon, Willem 430, 436
Bevin, Ernest 893
Bezborodko, Alexander Andreyevich 805
Bia-Punt 79
Bianco, Andrea 524
Bibby, Geoffrey 65–6
Bible 79–84, 761, 771
Bickley, John 714
Bidya 93
Bilal 181
Bilgames 56
birds see also chicken; falcons; ostriches; parrots
catching 310
domestic 12
Birger of Sweden 422
Birka, Sweden 354, 355, 364, 365, 366, 367, 426
Bismarck, Otto von 418
Bismarck archipelago 12, 14, 15
bitumen 54, 67, 68
Bjarni Herjólfson 410
Black Death 123, 403, 405, 432, 454, 473, 675
Black Sea 346, 423, 524
grain trade 872
and the Greeks 872
and Russia 802, 809
Blue Funnel Line 866, 867, 882, 887
and Second World War 890–91
Blunth, Edward 559
BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) 898–9
and Cunard 899
boats/ships 575, 611, 868
at Aceh, Sumatra 689
African 502
Ålander 874–6
alder 339
American 785, 786–91, 792, 795, 817; battleships 856, 857, 859; Perry’s ‘black ships’ 846, 847; whalers 845
Arab 130, 131, 545–6, 549
Armada de Molucca 570–73, 574–8
and armed convoys 888
Armenian 706–7
Austronesian, with outriggers 4, 16, 133
barges 343–4
bark 9
Basque 459, 470
and Bereniké 111
Bermudian 766
bitumen-sealed 54, 67–8
‘black ships’ of Macau/Great Ship of Amacon 641–2
British: English see boats/ships: English; in First World War 882–3; in Hawai’i 815, 817; and Nootka Sound 794; and the Russians 794; and search for North-West Passage 795; steamships 826, 860–61, 864–9, 881, 882–3; in Victoria Harbour 826
Bronze Age 319
búzas 390–91
of camphor wood 227–8
canoes see canoes
caravels 483–4, 503, 508–9, 510–11, 512, 513
carracks see carracks
Castilian 456
Catalan 471
catamarans 16, 133, 134, 742
Chinese 137, 206, 244, 245, 247–8, 254, 255, 258–60, 268, 282, 622, 629; fireships 637; junks see junks: Chinese; Treasure Ships 254, 259, 260, 266, 267
Chumash 28
clinker-built 343, 349, 368–9
coal supply ships 861, 865, 888
Cochin 543
cogs 354, 426, 428–9, 451, 456, 460, 484
container ships xviii, 880, 895, 897, 901–5, 908 see also containerization
with copper keel sheathing 815
coracles 331
cruising 868, 879, 899–900
currachs 331, 382
dhows see dhows
diesel-engined 884, 885
dismantled, with reuse of wood 122–3
Dutch 675, 678, 683, 740, 748; in Baltic 675, 676, 685; early arrivals in Australian waters 736, 738–42; in Indonesia 724; merchant fleets 668, 685, 883; naval vessels 685; sunk by privateers from Dunkirk 685; VOC vessels 736, 738–41
Egyptian 73–4, 96; royal fleets 77
elephantegoi 111
English 557, 678; Bristol ships 458–9, 463–4, 522, 532, 750; at São Miguel in 17th century 750; slave ships 762; sunk by privateers from Dunkirk 685
Filipino 622, 628
fireships 637
in First World War 881–3
flat-bottomed 343, 354, 800
Flemish 456
Florentine 456
French 557, 860
Frisian 354
Funanese 142–3
funerary barges 73–4
galleons see galleons; Manila galleons
galliots 641
Genoese 454
German 875, 876; in Second World War 888, 890; U-boats 881, 882, 888, 891
gold model 331
Gotlandish 368
and the great flood 67
Greco-Roman 109, 124
Greek 109, 872–3
Hansa 420, 428–9, 451
Hawai’ian European-style fleet 815
hide 67
Hiram’s ships 73, 80–81, 85
Hoq cave image 129
Indonesian 134, 285
insurance costs 685
in Iron Age 321
Japanese 212, 214, 216, 224, 225, 227, 629, 693; ‘barrel ships’ 652; junks 628, 637; in Second World War 888; and vermilion seals 629, 632, 652; warships 883
Javanese 285, 548, 549, 606
junks see junks
kayaks 399
knǫrrs 371, 385, 390–91
Korean 206, 650–51
Lapita 15–16
‘Lascars’ manning European ships 841
with leg irons 554
limewood 339
liners 860, 869, 882, 885, 907 see also cruising and cruise lines/industry
log-boats 321
Macanese ‘black ships’/Great Ship of Amacon 641–2, 644, 645–6, 647
Majorcan 454
Malay 134, 139, 142–3
Mamluk fleet 598
Māori 742
Marinid warships 478
merchant fleets see merchant fleets/navies
Mesopotamian rivercraft 331
Mongol 223, 226, 227–8
Muslim fleets 465–7
Neolithic 321–2
Norman 561
North Sea 342–4; small ships used in warfare 342, 348
Norwegian 870–71
oak 339, 354, 369
oil tankers 897
Omani 68, 831–2
Ottoman 549; Indian Ocean fleet 605
P&O numbers during and after Second World War 896
passenger shipping across oceans affected by safe jet traffic 879–80, 898–9
in Persian Gulf 54, 67–8, 93
ploia megala from Barygaza 106
Polynesian 15–16, 19, 24, 731, 810–11
Portuguese 468, 470, 507, 513, 514, 601, 609–10, 628; Almeida’s fleet 600, 602; avoiding customs duties 745; caravels 483–4, 508–9, 510–11, 512, 513; carracks 370, 641, 643, 646–7, 679; with da Gama 537–8, 539; and expropriated ships in expedition to Ceuta 476–8; flotilla off Bantam island 736; privately owned ships in South China Sea and Moluccas 606; ‘ship of the captain of Malacca’ captured by Lancaster 688
and Pytheas 335
rafts, balsa wood 29
reed 28, 67–8
Roman fleets 344, 346
royal yachts 369, 816–17
Russian 794, 802, 807–9; in Hawai’i 815; at Okhotsk 806; shitik (sewn boats) 800, 803
sailing ships 321, 865–6; Ålander 874–6; clippers 860, 866; elephantegoi 111; windjammers 860, 875, 876
Scandinavian 339, 342–3, 347, 357, 360–61, 365, 368–71
in Second World War 888–91, 896
Seleucid 93
sewn-plank 68, 131
shares in 428
in Singapore 823
six-oared 397
skin-boats 411
slave ships 510, 511, 560, 757–8, 762
Solomon’s ships 73, 81, 82, 85
Spanish: Armada defeat by English 627, 676; armed merchant fleets 704; and Drake 665; harassing Lady Washington and Columbia 793; treasure ships 665, 673, 686, 764–5, 851
steamships xviii, 824, 841, 848–9, 860–61, 864–73; British 826, 860–61, 864–9, 881, 882–3; and Conference System 866–7, 868; and globalization 877, 878; iron/steel-clad 826, 864, 868–9, 882–3; paddle-driven 846, 867, 868, 873; screw-driven 868–9
submarines see submarines
Suione 342–3
Sumerian 57
Sutton Hoo ship 349
Swedish 875
Thai 278
treasure ships see treasure ships
uxer 474
Venetian galleys 669–72
Venetic 330–31
Viking 347, 357, 360–61, 365, 368–71, 376–7, 467
for war: American battleships 856, 857, 859; of Augustus 106; in Beowulf 351; British 361, 815, 817, 881, 882–3; canoes 21, 342; English 361; German 888, 890 see also U-boats; Japanese 883; Marinid 478; in North Sea 342, 348; Omani 831; Ottoman galleys 549; Portuguese 601; Russian 794; Viking 369, 376
whalers 459, 845
wooden-shelled, covered in hide 321, 331
wrecked see shipwrecks
Bobadilla, Francisco de 529
Boccaccio, Giovanni 472, 473
Boeing aircraft 898–9
‘Bog People’ 339
boilers, copper 721
Bolton, William 749–50
Bombay (Mumbai) xxix, 604
Muslims 789
Boothby, Richard 759
Bordeaux 458–9
Bordelais 458
Borneo 142, 160, 238
Bornholm 339, 342
Borobodur 133, 164, 280
Bosau, Helmold von 424
Boscà, Joan 506
Bosi/Po-ššu 147, 161–2, 170
Boston, England 447, 450, 452
Boston, Massachusetts 780, 785, 792, 904
Boston Tea Party 784
bottle gourds 29
Bougainville, Louis de 811–12
Bounty 31
Boxer, Charles 606
bracelets 540, 754
brass 503, 505, 507
gold 509
silver 548
Brahmins 140, 144
and Faxien 145–6
and Kathāsaritsāgara 143
Brandenburg
Denmark and Brandenburg–Prussia 713, 715–16
and Guinea 716
brandy 803
brass 104, 506, 511, 754, 778
bracelets 503, 505, 507
Brattahlíð, Greenland 397, 400
Braudel, Fernand xx
Brava 266
Brazil xxiii, 553
and Cape Verde 752
and the Dutch 686, 705, 748, 772
and the French 557–60, 561
and Hamburg 880
and Portugal 541, 542, 560–61, 584, 704; and the Dutch 705; Portuguese discovery 517; and Portuguese merchants avoiding customs duties 745; trade 560–61, 748
slave trade/economy 490, 553, 560, 748
sugar 745, 748, 753
trade see trade: Brazilian
Tupí Indians 553, 560, 561
Tupinambá Indians 519
and the Verrazanos 563–4
brazilwood 560, 561, 676
bread 50, 400, 620, 648
cassava 582, 585
fish meal 92
sago 576
breadfruit 12
Bremen 426, 433, 445, 449, 676
cog 428–9
Bremerhaven, German Maritime Museum 428
Brendan, St 381–2, 383
Brian Boru 379–80
bribery 155, 181, 214, 362, 507, 623, 638, 751, 855
gold bribes 207, 782–3
silver bribes 782–3
Bridgetown, Barbados 768, 769
museum 900
Bristol 453, 457–64, 524, 774, 875, 885, 887
air raids 891
merchants 534, 657
ships 458–9, 463–4, 522, 532, 750
Britain see also England/English; Scotland; Wales
Admiralty 866, 888, 889
and Ålanders 875
and American Revolution 721–2
BEF, Second World War 889
Board of Trade 850–51
Bronze Age 316, 320, 322
and China: Canton trade 709, 814, 825; First Opium War 826, 827; and Hong Kong 639, 826–8, 893; Second Opium War 827; steamship operations 866–7; Treaty of Nanking 826, 827; and the Treaty Ports 827–8
Christianization 347, 349
circular villages 321
and Cyprus 851
Diodoros the Sicilian on the early Britons 336
and the Dutch 820–21, 822 see also England/English: and the Dutch; and Second World War 888
and the Falklands 795
and First World War 881–3
and France see France: and Britain/England
and Germany see Germany: and Britain
and Gothenburg (Little London) 723
grain imports 881
and Hawai’i 816
and Hong Kong 639, 826–8, 893
and India see India: and the British/English
Iron Age 328
Jacobites 723
and Java 820
labour relations 896, 897
and Macau 806
Malay Straits Settlements 822
and Malta 849, 851
Mediterranean power and influence 851
and Melaka 818
merchant fleets/Merchant Navy 871, 873, 883, 889
Merchant Shipping Act 861–2
and Morocco 657, 838–9, 840
naval tradition/power 418, 826, 881 see also Royal Navy
Neolithic 309, 313
and Nicaragua 851
and Nootka Sound 794
North-West Passage prize offer 813
and Norway 871, 888
and Oman 831; Moresby Treaty 832, 833
and the Pacific islands 810–11, 812–13
and Panama Canal 851
and Penang 820, 821, 868
and the Portuguese 841 see also England/English: and Portugal
and raiders 346–7
Roman Britannia 344, 345, 346–7, 348, 355–6
Royal Air Force 889
Royal Navy see Royal Navy
and rubber 892
seamen’s strikes 896, 897
and Second World War 887–91
shipbuilding 869, 896
and Singapore see Singapore: and Britain/England
and slavery 347, 829, 831, 832, 841
and Spain see Spain/Spaniards: and Britain/England
and Suez Canal 848–9, 850–51, 896
and sugar trade see sugar: and Britain/England
and the Swedes 725
and tea 724, 725, 726
tilting land 304
trade see trade: British
and the USA see United States of America: and Britain
and Vancouver Island 791
Britannic, RMS 870
British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard) 860–61, 868–9, 882, 884–5 see also Cunard
British Expeditionary Force 889
British India Steam Navigation Company 868
British Institute of Persian Studies 172
British Museum 50, 55, 174, 812
British Overseas Airways Corporation see BOAC
Brittany 301, 302
Bronze Age 316, 319, 320
Celtic language 330
and Cornwall 328
fishermen 562
and Germanic raiders 345, 346
Iron Age 326, 328
Mesolithic 306
Neolithic 308–10, 312, 313
promontory forts 328
Brock’s 889
Broighter, County Derry 331
bronze 58, 97, 108, 160, 164–5, 185
in Atlantic lands 316
The Boundless Sea Page 137