Autumn 1923
HOF: ‘When we have our swastika flying’: Ulrich Graf, quoted in Joachimsthaler, 314–315. ‘French diplomat worries’: Jeannesson, 294. ‘secure the life of our people’: ibid., 296. For the general situation in Bavaria see Gordon. • CORFU: ‘Italian representative goes out of his way’: Barros, 259–264. ‘white robe of virtue’: ibid., 287. • DOORN: ‘cultural anthropologist’: the cultural anthropologist was Leo Frobenius. See Röhl, Into the Abyss, 1229–1230. ‘negroes and berbers’ to ‘Germany never will’: diary entry 7 October 1923, Ilsemann, Vol. 1, 287. • BONN: ‘Lower Rhine is wonderful’: to Betty Neumann, 21 September 1923, CPAE XIV, 193. ‘tells Elsa to hide the silver’: to Elsa Einstein, 16 September 1923, CPAE XIV, 189–190. • MUNICH: interview with Geroge Viereck in The American Monthly, October 1923, SA, 1023–1026. • VIENNA: ‘Operation at the Sanatorium Auersperg’: Dr Pichler’s medical notes are reproduced in Jones, Freud, Vol. 2, Appendix B, 499–521. ‘writes a letter to his mother’: to Amalie Freud, 17 October 1923, LSF, 345. ‘broken and enfeebled’: Sigmund to Sam, 25 October 1923, JRL, Freud Collection, GB133 SSF 1/1/40. • BAYREUTH: ‘bring the house to life’: Houston Stewart Chamberlain’s diary, 29 September 1923, in Hilmes, 302. ‘show un-German elements’: Bayreuther Tagblatt, 28 September 1923, in Martin Schramm, ‘“Im Zeichen des Hakenkreuzes”: Der Deutsche Tag in Bayreuth am 30 September 1923’, Jahrbuch für Fränkische Landesforschung, 65, 2005, 253–273, 258. ‘much activity from dawn till dusk’: Chamberlain’s diary, 30 September 1923, in Hilmes, 303. ‘estimates of the numbers’: left-wing newspapers suggested around 5,200 participants in the march-past; the Völkischer Beobachter boasted 12,000. Schramm, 263. ‘Heil Moscow!’: ibid., 263. ‘court controversy’: ibid., 262. ‘short Bavarian leather trousers’: ibid., 267. ‘transformed the state of my soul’: letter to Adolf Hitler, 7 October 1923, HSC, Vol. 2, 124–126. • DÜSSELDORF: for a description see Jeannesson, 319. For the internal complications of German Rhenish politics see Klaus Epstein, ‘Adenauer and Rhenish Separatism’, Review of Politics, 29/4, 1967, 536–545. • TORONTO: ‘bad move to come back’: to Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, 11 October 1923, LEH II, 53–56. ‘King of Spain’ and ‘we are going to leave’: Baker, Hemingway, 117. ‘best prose he has read in forty years’: ibid., 121. • PARIS: for Breton’s relationship to Doucet see François Chapon, Mystère et splendeurs de Jacques Doucet, 1984, 262–307. • MUNICH: ‘finds his wish granted’: Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler was My Friend, 1955 (trans. R. H. Stevens), 54. ‘feature on Germany’s most famous lion tamer’: Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, 16 September 1923. ‘writes most of it himself’: Weber makes the case for Hitler having been the actual author of Koerber’s book in Becoming Hitler, 273–291. ‘destined to eternal night’: ibid., 286. ‘One can surely expect’: Völkischer Beobachter, 23 October 1923. • PARIS: see Robert Orledge, ‘Cole Porter’s Ballet “Within the Quota”’, Yale University Library Gazette, 50/1, 1975, 19–29. • MUNICH: speech to NSDAP meeting in Nuremberg, 14 October 1923, SA, 1031–1034. • AACHEN: ‘Aachen’: McDougall, 306–311. ‘Hamburg’: Bernard H. Bayerlein, Deutscher Oktober 1923: Ein Revolutionsplan und sein Scheitern, 2003. • GORKI: for two English-language accounts see Service, Lenin, 476; and Volkogonov, Lenin, 432. ‘freezing bog’: Trotsky, 498. • ISTANBUL: ‘Long live Mustafa Kemal Pasha’: Mango, 391. ‘returning to the days of the first Caliphs’: ibid., 394. ‘a long article discusses’: Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, 28 October 1923. ‘Ankara government’: Heimatland, 27 October 1923, in Ihrig, 88. ‘the first possibility’: report of a conversation on 24 October 1923, Ernst Deuerlein, Der Hitler-Putsch: bayerische Dokumente zum 8./9. November 1923, 1962, 257–258. • MILAN: ‘Journalism’: speech to the Journalists’ Association of Lombardy, 24 October 1923, OO XX, 59–61, 60. ‘from a balcony in Milan’ to end: speech on the first anniversary of the march on Rome, 28 October 1923, OO XX, 61–65, 62 and following. • AACHEN: ‘French-backed Rhenish separatists’: McDougall, 314–315. ‘anti-Semitic riots’: David Clay Large, ‘“Out with the Ostjuden”: The Scheunenviertel Riots in Berlin, November 1923’, in Christhard Hoffmann, Werner Bergmann and Helmut Walser Smith (eds.), Exclusionary Violence: Antisemitic Riots in Modern German History, 2002, 123–140. ‘Einstein is forced to deny’: Fölsing, 544. ‘writes to Betty’: to Betty Neumann, 7 November 1923, CPAE XIV, 227. ‘ears are cupped’: Hanfstaengl, 93. ‘enhanced surveillance’: Kahr’s instructions dated 22 October 1923, Deuerlein, Hitler-Putsch, 253. ‘no going back’: speech on 30 October 1923, SA, 1047–1051, 1050, with reference to the swastika flying over the royal palace at 1051. • TORONTO: ‘bees kill their non-producers’: ‘Young Communists’, Toronto Star Weekly, 22 December 1923. ‘would like to have Henry Ford’: ‘I Like Americans’, Toronto Star Weekly, 15 December 1923. • MUNICH: from the memoirs of Tröbst, in Weber, Becoming Hitler, 301–302. • KILMAINHAM JAIL: Pakenham, De Valera, 229. • MUNICH: description drawn principally from Gordon, 270–312, unless otherwise indicated. ‘Putzi has just bought’: Hanfstaengl, 96. ‘Mexico’ to ‘Either the German revolution begins’: Müller, Im Wandel einer Welt, 162–163. ‘sips red wine’: Hanfstaengl, 104. ‘heavens will fall’: Graf Helldorff quoted in Gordon, 351. ‘sounds very funny’: letter to Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, 9 November 1923 (and mid-December 1923), LEH II, 90–93. ‘may never live down the laughter’: cited in Gary A. Klein, The American Press and the Rise of Hitler, 1923–1933, Unpublished PhD thesis, London School of Economics, 1997, 18. ‘vaudeville ending’: ‘Ludendorff remis en liberté sur parole’, Le Petit Parisien, 11 November 1923. ‘idol has fallen’: ‘Ludendorff a échoué pitieusement’, Le Matin, 10 November 1923. ‘buffoni’: Durini di Monza to Mussolini, 10 November 1923, IDDI, Series 7, Vol. 2, 315–318. ‘mathematical inevitability’: Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, 25 November 1923. • DOORN: ‘stupidity of youth’ to ‘Thank God’: diary entry 10 November 1923, Ilsemann, Vol. 1, 291. ‘will not come from a beer joint’: letter from Wilhelm to Mackensen in December 1923, in Cecil, Vol. 2, 334. ‘If the French go any further’: Röhl, Into the Abyss, 1227. • AMERICA: for the text of the address on 10 November 1923 see WW LXVIII, 466–467. ‘dressing gown’: Edith Wilson, 355. • INNSBRUCK AND KUFSTEIN: ‘flower shop’: Hanfstaengl, 106. ‘Hanfstaengls’ country house’: for an account from interviews with Helene see Toland, 174–177. • MOSCOW: Clare Sheridan wrote a series of articles on her trip to Russia in December 1923 from which some of the detail is drawn here. She covered it only very briefly indeed in her autobiography, a sure mark of disappointment from someone generally so keen to share. The articles were originally published in the New York World, and serialised in other American newspapers. See, for example, ‘New World for Worker in Soviet Russia is Unknown, Writer Holds’, Dayton Daily News, 24 December 1923. ‘not the type of newspaper correspondent’: Leslie, 228. ‘told how much better off’: Sheridan, Naked Truth, 362. ‘Russia once seemed to throw up’: ‘Russia Revisited’, St. Louis Post Dispatch, 28 December 1923. • LEIDEN: ‘Children do not learn’: aphorism, November/December 1923, CPAE XIV, 231. • ROME: ‘figure is not just an Italian one’: Primo de Rivera’s speech, 21 November 1923, OO XX, 112. ‘universal phenomenon’: in Ben-Ami, 132. ‘marching along the open road’: speech in reply to Primo de Rivera, 21 November 1923, OO XX, 112–113. • BERLIN: ‘cartoon’: Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, December 1923. ‘care packages’: Hilmes, 304. ‘overjoyed when his dog’: Otto Lurker, Hitler hinter Festungsmauern: Ein Bild aus trüben Tagen, 1933, 8. ‘Let them see how well they will do without me’: Alois Maria Ott, letter to Werner Maser, 12 December 1973, quoted in Peter Ross Range, 1924: The Year that Made Hitler, 2016, 106. • GORKI: ‘Every day he makes a conquest’: Volkogonov, Lenin, 434. ‘film of the sixth anniversary’: Lenin: Life and Works, 198. ‘man in a wheelchair’: Volkogonov, Lenin, 429. ‘Any man trained merely to say’: Deutscher, Prophet Unarmed, 121. • TORONTO: ‘Marcelline orders’: Baker, Hemingway, 582. • LAKE GARDA: December 1923, AN/MUSS, 60. • VIENNA: th
e book was Fritz Wittels, Sigmund Freud: Der Mann, die Lehre, die Schule, 1924. ‘I need hardly say’: LSF, 345–347. This translation is taken from the 1924 English-language edition of Wittels’s book, 11.
1924
‘Schlagobers’: Richard F. Sterba, Reminiscences of a Viennese Psychoanalyst, 1982, 21. ‘downright animalistic satisfaction’: to Ferenczi, 4 February 1924, FR/FER III, 122–124. • ‘long since become accustomed’: to Fried Huber, 5 January 1924, CPAE XIV, 308–309. • ‘Jack London’: Elizarova, Reminiscences of Lenin by his Relatives, 206–207. For the out-manoeuvring of Trotsky see Deutscher, Prophet Unarmed, 132–133. ‘petty-bourgeois deviation’: ibid., 132. ‘Lenin is no more’: ibid., 133. For a description of the funeral, see Tumarkin, 160–164. Pravda reports are rich in further detail. • ‘letter of congratulation’: Gilbert, Prophet of Truth, 24–25. • ‘D’Annunzio is made a Prince’: Hughes-Hallett, 607. • ‘Overwhelming honour’: notes for an acceptance speech, 21 January 1924, WW LXVIII, 541–544. • ‘intense, ruthless, brutal fanaticism’: court testimony, 26 February 1923, SA, 1061–1106, 1068. • ‘swindler-of-all-trades’: Polizzotti, 192. • ‘Fikriye’: Mango, 409. • ‘prepare formula for his son Bumby’: Hemingway, Moveable Feast, 87. For Hemingway’s literary development see Meyers, Hemingway, 124–151. • ‘When is treason really treason?’: court testimony, 27 March 1924, SA, 1197–1216, 1198. ‘if the next five years’: ibid., 1201. • ‘works of Machiavelli’: ‘Preludio al Machiavelli’, Gerarchia, 4 April 1924, OO XX, 251–254. ‘generation of victory’: Bosworth, 198. • Article describing the encounter in the Cincinnati Union, 24 May 1924, MG V, 598–599. • ‘Pope of Surrealism’: Polizzotti, 211. • ‘mere bagatelle’: Laton McCartney, The Teapot Dome Scandal: How Big Oil Bought the Harding White House and Tried to Steal the Country, 2008, 203. • ‘pint of beer’: for the conditions of Hitler’s imprisonment, see Otto Lurker, Hitler hinter Festungsmauren: ein Bild aus trüben Tagen, 1933; and Hans Kallenbach, Mit Adolf Hitler auf Festung Landsberg, 1939. Kallenbach describes how he was able to use his malaria to persuade the prison guards to give him cognac, which he proceeded to share with the rest of the prisoners. ‘leader cannot afford to be beaten’: Hanfstaengl, 114. ‘feast day of St Adolf’: Kallenbach, 112. ‘relives his war experiences’: Rudolf Hess, Briefe: 1908–1933, 2002 (ed. Wolf Rüdiger Hess), 324. ‘Remington typewriter’: Florian Beierl and Othmar Plöckinger, ‘Neue Dokumente zu Hitler’s Buch “Mein Kampf”’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 57/2, 2009, 261–295, 268. ‘talks with a new (male) secretary’: Hess, 326–327 and, for the reference to astrology, 338. ‘starts to cry’: ibid., 342. • ‘Ku Klux Klan claims four million members’: see Linda Gordon, The Second Coming of the KKK: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and the American Political Tradition, 2018. • ‘not frightened by rudeness’: Kotkin, 547. • ‘Venice Biennale’: Vivian Endicott Barnett, ‘The Russian Presence in the 1924 Venice Biennale’, in Paul Wood, Vasilii Rakitin, Jane A. Sharp and Aleksandra Shatskikh (eds.), The Great Utopia: The Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde, 1915–1932, 1992, 467–473. ‘Let him who is without sin’: Bosworth, 198. • ‘Who is going to call?’: letter to Mackensen from July 1924 in Gutsche, 66. • ‘why she didn’t take the train’: Clare Sheridan, Across Europe with Santanella, 1925, 24. ‘Woodrow Wilson hanging side by side’: ibid., 28. ‘Kiev’: ibid., 88. ‘Crimea’: ibid., 130. • For Hitler’s writing of Mein Kampf see Beierl and Plöckinger. ‘it is quite true’: talk with Kugler, 29 July 1924, SA, 1242. • ‘Wall Street compromise’: Melvyn P. Leffler, The Elusive Quest: America’s Pursuit of European Stability and French Security, 1919–1933, 1979, 100–112. ‘with a feeling that we have turned our backs’: Stephen Schuker, The End of French Predominance in Europe: The Financial Crisis of 1924 and the Adoption of the Dawes Plan, 1978, 383. • Synopses of The Chocolate Dandies taken from Stark Young’s review, ‘The Play’, New York Times, 2 September 1924. • ‘civilisation is one’: Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 2002, 292. • ‘Leningrad is flooded’: see the account in the Frederiksen Papers, HIA. • ‘Bureau of Surrealist Research’: Polizzotti, 212–220. ‘cage of its own making’ and following: see 1924 manifesto in André Breton, Manifestes du surréalisme, 1972 (ed. Jean-Jacques Pauvert). • ‘letter to Betty’: to Betty Neumann, 10 October 1924, CPAE XIV, 527. • ‘eight hundred million goldmarks’: Steiner, 249. ‘America’s corporations are in expansive mood’: ITT in Spain, Ford in Copenhagen and Antwerp, General Motors in London; Boyce, 178–189. ‘Chocolate Dandies’: ‘Coast to Coast Route with Foreign Booking, for Chocolate Dandies’, New York Age, 25 October 1924. • ‘letter purporting to come from the Comintern’: for an account of the Zinoviev letter see Gill Bennett, The Conspiracy that Never Dies: The Zinoviev Letter, 2018. • ‘naval school becomes an orphanage’: Menegaldo. ‘insult to Russian national honour’: ‘Wrangel Protests Surrender of Ships’, New York Times, 8 December 1924. • ‘duty of the Party’ to ‘ready, comrades’: speech (subsequently published in Pravda), 19 November 1924, Stalin, Works, Vol. 6, 338–373, 373. ‘no particular role’: Volkogonov, Trotsky, 79. • ‘be psyched’: Gay, Freud, 452. • ‘not a beer garden’: Bosworth, 197. • ‘processions and mausoleums’: quotation from Jangfeldt, 289. ‘already become so full’: Larry E. Holmes and William Burgess, ‘Scholarly Voice or Political Echo?: Soviet Party History in the 1920s’, Russian History, 9/2–3, 1982, 378–398, 382. • ‘greatest love specialist in the world’: ‘To Ask Freud to Come Here’, New York Times, 21 December 1924. • ‘not fall off the tight-rope’: Hanfstaengl, 125.
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