Atomic Thunder
Page 35
Hennessy, Peter, ‘Cabinets and the bomb’, Inaugural Michael Quinlan Lecture, UK House of Lords, 2 February 2011.
Meade, Roger & Meade, Linda (eds), ‘Klaus Fuchs: the second confession’, Los Alamos National Laboratory Historical Document, 2014,
Oppenheimer, J Robert, ‘Now I am become death’, video recording, Atomic Archive,
Paterson, Robert H, Britain’s Strategic Nuclear Deterrent: From before the V-Bomber to beyond Trident, Routledge, 2012.
‘Plutonium and Aldermaston – an historical account’, Federation of American Scientists, 2000,
Schrafstetter, Susanna, ‘“Loquacious … and pointless as ever”? Britain, the United States and the United Nations negotiations on international control of nuclear energy, 1945–48’, Contemporary British History, vol. 16, no. 4, 2002, pp. 87–108.
Spinardi, Graham, ‘Aldermaston and British nuclear weapons development: testing the “Zuckerman thesis”’, Social Studies of Science, vol. 27, no. 4, 1997, pp. 547–582.
‘Spy’s deathbed confession: atom physicist tells how secrets given to Soviet Union’, Guardian, 27 January 2003.
Symonds, JL, A History of British Atomic Tests in Australia, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Truman, Harry S, ‘Statement announcing the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, August 6, 1945’, American Experience,
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3 MONTE BELLO AND EMU FIELD
Acaster, Ray, ‘Worlds apart: atom bombs and traditional land use in South Australia’, Limina, vol. 1, 1995.
Arnold, Lorna & Smith, Mark, Britain, Australia and the Bomb: The Nuclear Tests and Their Aftermath, 2nd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2006.
‘Atom bombs in our arid lands’, Sunday Herald, 4 October 1953, p. 2.
‘Atomic bomb exploded in Monte Bello Islands’, West Australian, 4 October 1952, reproduced in FK Crowley, Modern Australian Documents 1939–1970, vol. 2, Wren Publishing, Melbourne, 1973.
‘Atomic bombs, uranium and Australia’s future’, SMH, 8 October 1953, p. 2.
Atomic Weapons Research Establishment Report No. T1/54 – Operation Hurricane Director’s Report – Scientific Data Obtained at Operation Hurricane – November 1954, Copy 36, 1954, NAA: A6454, Z5A.
‘The atom’s challenge to humanity’, SMH, 16 October 1953, p. 2.
Attendance of Australian Defence Scientific Adviser at Monte Bello, extract from draft reply to letter of 27 August 1952 from UK High Commissioner’s Office, Canberra, 1952, NAA: A6456, R091/003.
‘Australian Armed Services Have Played Important Role in Monte Bello Atomic Test Plans: Secret Preparations Have Been Going on for More than 24 Months’, 1952, NAA: A816, 3/301/539A.
Beadell, Len, Blast the Bush, Rigby Limited, Adelaide, 1967.
Beadell, Len, ‘Too long in the bush’, transcript of talk to Rotary Convention, Shepparton, Victoria, 1991, private recording.
Beale, Howard, ‘Future Atomic Tests in Australia’, letter to Robert Menzies, 12 November 1953, NAA: A6456, R075/062.
Beale, Howard, Minister for Supply, ‘Atomic Tests in Australia’, top-secret Cabinet briefing document, submission no. 73, Canberra, 11 August 1954, Malone files.
Beale, Howard, This Inch of Time: Memoirs of Politics and Diplomacy, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977.
Blakeway, Denys & Lloyd-Roberts, Sue, Fields of Thunder: Testing Britain’s Bomb, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1985.
Brown, AS, Secretary, Prime Minister’s Department, ‘Hurricane’, letter to Ben Cockram, Office of the High Commission for the UK, Canberra, 19 September 1952, NAA: A6456, R091/003.
Clearwater, John & O’Brien, David, ‘“Oh lucky Canada”: radioactive polar bears; the proposed testing of British nuclear weapons in Canada’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, July–August 2003.
Cockram, Ben, Office of the High Commissioner for the UK, Canberra, letter to AS Brown, Prime Minister’s Department, Canberra, 29 September 1952, NAA: A6456, R091/003.
Collins, Vice Admiral Sir John A, First Naval Member, Chief of Naval Staff, Navy Office, Melbourne, letter marked ‘Secret and personal’ to Sir Frederick Shedden, Secretary, Department of Defence, 22 August 1952, NAA: A6456, R091/003.
Department of Defence, ‘Atomic Test – Background Articles’, minute paper, 26 August 1952, NAA: A816, 3/301/539A.
Department of Supply, notes of interdepartmental committee meeting to consider decision no. 69 (PM) Cabinet minute dated 26 August 1954, 6 September 1954, Malone files.
Durie, R, Acting Secretary, Cabinet, Cabinet minute, decision no. 69, Prime Minister’s Committee, Canberra, 26 August 1954, Malone files.
‘For Press: Atomic Weapon Test’, media release, 13 August 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Gowing, Margaret with Arnold, Lorna, Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, 1945–1952, Palgrave Macmillan, 1974.
Grabosky, PN, ‘A toxic legacy: British nuclear weapons tests’, in Wayward Governance: Illegality and Its Control in the Public Sector, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra, 1989, Chapter 16.
A ‘Herald’ Special Reporter who watched the atomic explosion on the Woomera Range from 15 miles away, ‘Atom explosion success: dawn blast at Woomera’, SMH, 16 October 1953, p. 1.
‘His responsibility!’, Daily Mirror (Sydney), 2 October 1953, p. 2.
Ison, Erin, ‘Bombs, “reds under the bed” and the media: the Menzies government’s manipulation of public opinion, 1949–1957’, Humanity, University of Newcastle, 2008.
Maralinga press visit, June 1956, NAA: A6456, R087/135.
Martin, AW, Robert Menzies: A Life, vol. 2, 1944–1978, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999.
McClellan, Peter, ‘Who is telling the truth? Psychology, common sense and the law’, Local Courts of New South Wales Annual Conference, August 2006.
McKnight, AD, Prime Minister’s Department, letter to George Davey, Office of the High Commissioner for the UK, Canberra, 30 September 1952, NAA: A6456, R096/006.
Milliken, Robert, No Conceivable Injury, Penguin, Ringwood, 1986.
‘Months of hard, lonely work paved way for atomic explosion’, SMH, 16 October 1953, p. 4.
Morgan, Sue, ‘Britain’s star witness sheds little light’, SMH, 2 February 1985, p. 12.
Moroney, John, ‘Aide Memoire on Health Control and Surveillance in the Nuclear Tests in Australia’, unpublished briefing document, ARL, 24 December 1992.
Nason, David, ‘Owners to reclaim Maralinga bomb site’, The Australian, 10 November 2009, p. 7.
Norris, Robert Standish, Questions on the British H-Bomb, Natural Resources Defense Council, 22 June 1992, p. 3.
Obituary for Lord Penney, The Times, 6 March 1991.
‘Other “minor” tests’, SMH, 28 October 1953, p. 1.
Penney, William, statement, Royal Commission, 1984–1985, NAA: A6449, 2 (M–Z).
Pincher, Chapman, ‘Could be dropped by R.A.F. plane’, SMH, 16 October 1953, p. 1.
Porter, David, ‘Atomic bomb lessons in the desert’, SMH, 22 June 1988, p. 2.
‘Put method in atomic check’, Herald (Melbourne), 22 June 1956, clippings package, NAA: A5954, 2167/6.
‘The R.A.N. Prepared a New Chart for the Monte Bello Atomic Test’, 1952, NAA: A816, 3/301/539A.
‘Roads and Landings Had to Be Built for Monte Bello Atomic Weapon Test: Heavy Equipment Taken There by Land and Sea’, 1952, NAA: A816, 3/301/539A.
Royal C
ommission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Conclusions and Recommendations (JR McClelland, J Fitch, WJA Jones), AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, President), 2 vols, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
‘Second A-blast successful: trial series ends’, SMH, 28 October 1953, p. 1.
Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, top-secret telegram to High Commissioner for the UK, Australia, 2 April 1955, National Archives of the UK, FCO/1/8.
Smith, Joan, Clouds of Deceit: The Deadly Legacy of Britain’s Bomb Tests, Faber & Faber, London, 1985.
Solomon, Colonel GD, Range Commander, report on the Maralinga range, 9 December 1959, NAA: A6456, R047/022.
Special Correspondent in London, ‘How an atomic bomb explodes’, SMH, 16 October 1953, p. 2.
Staff Correspondent, ‘Long-range risks in atomic tests?’, SMH, 10 October 1953, p. 2.
Staff Correspondent, ‘Public safety and the Woomera tests’, SMH, 9 October 1953, p. 2.
‘Substance of Communication Dated 18th October 1952 from High Commissioner for the United Kingdom, Canberra’, 1952, NAA: A6456, R021/001 PART 36.
Symonds, JL, ‘British Atomic Tests in Australia Chronology of Events: 1950–1968’, 1984–1985, NAA: A6456/3, R023/003.
Symonds, JL, A History of British Atomic Tests in Australia, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
‘Threat to 3 towns’, Sun (Sydney), 21 June 1956, p. 1.
Titterton, EW, ‘The race for atomic arms’, Sunday Herald, 4 October 1953, p. 2.
4 MUSHROOM CLOUDS AT MARALINGA
Arnold, Lorna & Smith, Mark, Britain, Australia and the Bomb: The Nuclear Tests and Their Aftermath, 2nd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2006.
AWTSC, minutes of 21st meeting, Department of Supply, Swanston St, Melbourne, 19 July 1957, NAA: A6456, R120/137 PART 1.
Beadell, Len, ‘Too long in the bush’, transcript of talk to Rotary Convention, Shepparton, Victoria, 1991, private recording.
Beale, Howard, Minister for Supply, memorandum, Canberra, 4 May 1955, National Archives of the UK, FCO 1 358/2099.
Beale, Howard, ‘Why We Hold A-Tests in Australia’, 6 August 1956, NAA: A6456, R047/011.
Beale, Howard, ‘Why Australia provides the site for atomic tests’, SMH, 13 August 1956, p. 2.
Beale, Howard, transcript of joint press conference by Hon. Howard Beale QC MP, Minister for Supply & Sir William Penney, KBE FRS DSc, Director, AWRE, 14 August 1956, NAA: A6456, R087/135.
Beale, Howard, media statement, 18 September 1956, NAA: A6456, R047/011.
Beale, Howard, ‘Press Reports on A-Test: Statement by the Minister for Supply, the Hon. Howard Beale Q.C.’, media release, Canberra, 26 September 1956, NAA: A6456, R124/025.
Beale, Howard, This Inch of Time: Memoirs of Politics and Diplomacy, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1977.
Buckley, Dan, British Army major (retd), statement, Royal Commission, 1984–1985, NAA: A6449, 1 (A–L).
Cook, Melbourne, cable on press arrangements to Herington, Adelaide, 11 September 1956, NAA: A6456, R047/011.
Department of Supply, ‘Maralinga Project – Review of Australian Support’, briefing document for media, 1956, NAA: A6456, R087/205.
Department of Supply, ‘New A-Tests at Maralinga Next Month’, media release, 29 August 1957, NAA: A6456, R087/090.
Fairley, Douglas, ‘D notices, official secrets and the law’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, Autumn 1990, p. 432.
‘Freedom safeguard: more atomic tests’, Sun (Sydney), 11 October 1956, p. 40.
Keane, John, ‘Maralinga’s afterlife’, The Age, 11 May 2003.
Kendall, GM, Muirhead, CR, Darby, SC, Doll, R, Arnold, L & O’Hagan, JA, ‘Epidemiological studies of UK test veterans: I. General description’, Journal of Radiological Protection, vol. 24, 27 August 2004, p. 203.
‘Labor opposes atomic tests’, Advertiser, 21 June 1956, clippings package, NAA: A6456, R058/006.
‘Labor will stop weapons test’, Canberra Times, 25 June 1956, clippings package, NAA: A6456, R058/006.
‘Latest on the bomb!’, Sun (Sydney), 25 September 1956, p. 1.
‘List of Passengers Who Will Travel to Maralinga in DC3 Guineas Aircraft on Tuesday, 19 June, Departing West Beach at 7.15 am’, 1956, NAA: A6456, R087/135.
Lowe, Peter, British Army colonel (retd), statement, Royal Commission, 1984–1985, NAA: A6449, 1 (A–L).
Lowe, Peter, British Army colonel (retd), Royal Commission, 3–30 January 1985, NAA: A6448, 9.
Maralinga press visit, June 1956, NAA: A6456, R087/135.
Maralinga Rehabilitation Project, Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, minutes of evidence, 1995.
McClelland, James, transcript of interview with Robin Hughes, Australian Biography Project, 25 January 1995,
Milliken, Robert, No Conceivable Injury, Penguin, Ringwood, 1986.
Ministry of Defence (UK), draft telegram prepared 29 April 1955, received by Foreign and Commonwealth Office 4 May 1955, National Archives of the UK, FCO 1/8.
‘Misgivings over atomic tests’, The Age, 22 June 1956, clippings package, NAA: A5954, 2167/6.
Moroney, John, ‘Aide Memoire on Health Control and Surveillance in the Nuclear Tests in Australia’, unpublished briefing document, ARL, 24 December 1992.
Moroney, John, ‘Aide Memoire on the Nuclear Tests in Australia in the Context of the
British Weapons Development Program’, unpublished briefing document, ARL, 24 December 1992.
‘The mushroom cloud’, Atomic Archive,
Newton, JO, ‘Ernest William Titterton 1916–1990’, Historical Records of Australian Science, vol. 9, no. 2, 1992, p. 178.
O’Connor, FA, letter to Iyer Jehu, 9 November 1956, NAA: A6456, R030/075.
O’Connor, FA, ‘Expenses in Connection with the Visit of the Press Party to Witness an Atomic Explosion at Maralinga, 1956’, minute paper, [1957], NAA: A6456, R029/249.
O’Connor, FA, Secretary, Department of Supply, memorandum to Australian Newspaper Proprietors’ Association, 3 September 1957, NAA: A6456, R087/090.
O’Connor, FA, teleprinter message to Minister for Supply Howard Beale, quoting message from William Penney, 30 August 1956, NAA: A6456, R029/249.
Parkinson, Alan, Maralinga: Australia’s Nuclear Waste Cover-Up, ABC Books, Sydney, 2007.
Penney, William, Guest of Honour program, ABC, 2 September 1956, transcript of broadcast, NAA: A6456, R030/074.
Powell, RR, UK Ministry of Defence, letter to JM Wilson, UK Ministry of Supply, 9 February 1955, National Archives of the UK, FCO 1/8.
‘Press Reaction to Atomic Tests’, [no author, likely to be a Department of Supply bureaucrat, undated], NAA: A6456, R047/011.
‘Put method in atomic check’, Herald (Melbourne), 22 June 1956, clippings package, NAA: A5954, 2167/6.
Rees, Margaret, ‘Documents confirm soldiers were exposed to nuclear tests in Australia’, World Socialist, 9 July 2001,
‘Reward for a good boy’, Sun-Herald, 19 January 1958, clipping in biographical file for Howard Beale, National Library of Australia.
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, president), 2 vols, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Solomon, Colonel GD, Range Commander, report on the Maralinga range, 9 December 1959, NAA: A6456, R047/022.
Special Correspondent, ‘Australian atomic test site’, SMH, 17 May 1955, p. 2.
Staff Correspondent, ‘Safety of A-weapon tests at Maralinga’, SMH, 28 June 1956, p. 2.
Tait, Gordon, Chief of Bureau, Associated Press, letter to Reg Harris, Department of Supply, 15 October 1957, NAA: A6456, R087/090.
Titterton, EW, Facing the Atomic Future, Macmillan, London, 1956.
/> Titterton, EW, ‘Answers to questions on atomic tests’, The Age, 15 May 1956, p. 2.
Titterton, EW, ‘Some questions and answers on latest atom tests’, SMH, 15 May 1956, p. 2.
Titterton, EW, ‘Why Australia is atom testing ground’, The Age, 16 May 1956, p. 2.
Titterton, EW, ‘Why Australia is preferred as an atom testing ground’, SMH, 16 May 1956, p. 2.
Titterton, EW, ‘After atomic bomb tests … how dangerous is the mushroom cloud?’, The Age, 19 July 1956, p. 2.
UK Atomic Weapons Trial Executive, minutes of meeting, 10 October 1956, quoted in Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, President), vol. 2, AGPS, Canberra, 1985, pp. 494–495.
5 VIXEN B AND OTHER ‘MINOR TRIALS’
Admiralty, War Office, Air Ministry and Press Committee, Department of Defence confidential briefing document, [1952], NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
Arnold, Lorna, A Very Special Relationship: British Atomic Weapon Trials in Australia, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1987.
Arnold, Lorna & Smith, Mark, Britain, Australia and the Bomb: The Nuclear Tests and Their Aftermath, 2nd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2006.
Australian Nuclear Veterans Association, South Australia & Maralinga and Monte Bello Islands Ex-Servicemen’s Association, submission, quoted in ‘Protection was “inadequate”’, SMH, 19 September 1995.
Australian Participants in British Nuclear Tests (Treatment) Bill 2006, bills digest no. 31, 2006–07, Parliament of Australia Parliamentary Library.
Barnaby, Frank, ‘The management of radioactive wastes and the disposal of plutonium’, paper at Medical Association for Prevention of War Conference, 2000.
Blakeway, Denys & Lloyd-Roberts, Sue, Fields of Thunder: Testing Britain’s Bomb, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1985.
‘Broken arrows: nuclear weapons accidents’, Atomic Archive,
Brooking, PWB, letter to Sir William Cook, 29 August 1958, NAA: A6455, RC386.
Brooking, PWB, letters to Director, AWRE, 23 & 29 September 1958, NAA: A6455, RC386.
Brown, Paul, ‘British nuclear testing in Australia: performing the Maralinga experiment through verbatim theatre’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. 139, 2006.