Atomic Thunder
Page 37
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Conclusions and Recommendations (JR McClelland, J Fitch, WJA Jones), AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, President), 2 vols, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Secretary, Aborigines Protection Board, letters to Mr WB MacDougall, LRWE Range, Woomera, 15 December 1953 & 14 January 1955, Malone files.
Security Officer, Maralinga (name redacted), ‘Control of Aborigines – Maralinga’, letter to Range Commander, Maralinga, 25 July 1957, Malone files.
Smith, F, ‘Report on Natives at PomPom – 14 May 57’, letter to Harry Turner, Health Physics Adviser, 15 May 1957, Malone files.
Turner, OH, ‘Health Physics Report on Natives at Pom Pom – 14 May 57’, letter to Range Commander, Maralinga, 18 May 1957, Malone files.
Williams, Geoff & O’Brien, Richard, appraisal of The Black Mist and Its Aftermath – Oral Histories by Lallie Lennon, ARPANSA, Melbourne, 20 April 2010.
Wills, HA, Chief Executive Officer, Maralinga Committee, ‘Aboriginal Population of South Australia’, letter to HJ Brown, Controller, Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, 6 June 1956, Malone files.
Wright, RVS, ‘Bates, Daisy May (1863–1951)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 7, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1979.
Yalata and Oak Valley Communities with Mattingley, Christobel, Maralinga: The Anangu Story, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2009.
8 D-NOTICES AND MEDIA SELF-CENSORSHIP
Admiralty, War Office, Air Ministry and Press Committee, Department of Defence confidential briefing document, NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
Buchanan, AE, ‘“D” Notice no. 8 – Atomic Tests’, [1952], NAA: A816, 10/301/131.
Buchanan, AE, ‘“D” Notices – Press Agencies’, minute paper for Head of Department of Defence Frederick Shedden, 2 September 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/132.
Buchanan, AE, ‘Atomic Test – Official Releases’, letter to members of Defence, Press and Broadcasting Committee, 19 September 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Buchanan, AE, ‘“D” Notice no. 8 Atomic Tests – Cancellation’, 10 November 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/132.
Buchanan, AE, ‘“D” Notice no. 10’, Defence, Press and Broadcasting Committee, [1953], NAA: A1209, 1957/5486.
Commission of Enquiry into the Australian Secret Intelligence Service, ‘The D-notice system’, in Report on the Secret Intelligence Service, public edn, AGPS, Canberra, March 1995, Chapter 11.
Cook, EL, Department of Supply, secret minute paper containing briefing on D-notices, 11 December 1951, NAA: A1209, 1957/5486.
Cryle, Denis, ‘Rousing the British-speaking world: Australian newspaper proprietors and freedom of the press, 1940–1950’, ARC-funded project, Central Queensland University, paper at Australian Media Traditions Conference, 2007.
Curry Jansen, Sue & Martin, Brian, ‘Exposing and opposing censorship: backfire dynamics in freedom-of-speech struggles’, Pacific Journalism Review, vol. 10, no. 1, April 2004, pp. 29–45.
de Burgh, EC, Editor, West Australian, letter to AE Buchanan, 5 August 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Defence, Press and Broadcasting Committee, minutes of 1st meeting, 14 July 1952, NAA: A1209, 1957/5486.
Doutreband, R, letter to Robert Menzies, 5 December 1950, NAA: A816, 10/301/128.
Fadden, Arthur, ‘UK Atomic Test Woomera – D-notice to the Press’, letter to Press Chiefs, 26 June 1953, in JL Symonds, A History of British Atomic Tests in Australia, AGPS, Canberra, 1985, p. 151.
Fairley, Douglas, ‘D notices, official secrets and the law’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, Autumn 1990.
General Manager, John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd, letter to Prime Minister Robert Menzies, 19 August 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Macintyre, Stuart, A Concise History of Australia, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2004.
Maher, Laurence W, ‘H. V. Evatt and the Petrov defection: a lawyer’s interpretation’, Australian Society of Labour History, 2007,
Martin, AW, Robert Menzies: A Life, vol. 2, 1944–1978, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1999.
McBride, PA, letter to Prime Minister Robert Menzies, 28 March 1952, NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
McBride, PA, letter to Joseph Francis, William McMahon, EJ Harrison & Howard Beale, 2 July 1952, NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
McBride, PA, letter to Robert Menzies, 26 August 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
McCadden, GE, United Press Associations, letter to Michael Byrne, 17 June 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Menzies, Robert, ‘Security of Defence Information’, letter to E Kennedy, President, Australian Newspaper Proprietors’ Association, 22 November 1950, NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
Menzies, Robert, letter to Eric Kennedy, Chief Executive Officer, Associated Newspapers, 15 August 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Menzies, Robert, The Measure of the Years, Cassell Australia, Melbourne, 1970.
Milliken, Robert, No Conceivable Injury, Penguin, Ringwood, 1986.
O’Connor, Frank, Department of Supply, letter to Major General EL Sheehan, Australian Defence Representative, London, 14 July 1953, NAA: A5954, 1594/2.
O’Connor, FA, Department of Supply, letter to Secretary, Prime Minister’s Department, 20 July 1955, NAA: A1209, 1957/5486.
Office of the Secretary of Defense, memorandum for the press, 29 March 1948, NAA: A816, 10/301/130.
Packer, Frank, letter to Robert Menzies, 4 December 1950, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Resolution adopted by representatives of US media, 29 March 1948, NAA: A816, 10/301/130.
Sadler, Pauline, ‘The D-notice system’, Press Council News, vol. 12, no. 2, May 2000,
Sadler, Pauline, National Security and the D-notice System, Dartmouth Publishing Company, Aldershot, 2001.
Schedvin, CB, Shaping Science and Industry: A History of Australia’s Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1926–49, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1987.
Shedden, FG, letter to JT Pinner, Public Service Board of Commissioners, 2 July 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/128.
Shedden, FG, letter to ASJ Brown, Prime Minister’s Department, 16 July 1952, NAA: A816, 10/301/129.
Sydney Morning Herald editorial, 18 July 1940, reproduced in FK Crowley, Modern Australian Documents 1939–1970, vol. 2, Wren Publishing, Melbourne, 1973.
Thomson, George, Admiralty, War Office, Air Ministry and Press Committee, letter to Major General EL Sheehan, Australian Joint Services Staff, London, 17 June 1953, NAA: A5954, 1594/2.
Thomson, George, Secretary, Admiralty, War Office, Air Ministry and Press Committee (UK), ‘Summary of “D” Notices in Force and of Private and Confidential Letters Issued up to 1st May, 1954’, 17 May 1954, NAA: A816, 10/301/130.
‘U.S. alarm at leakage of Defence secrets’, Herald (Melbourne), 8 March 1948, clippings package, NAA: A5954, 1956/6.
9 CLEAN-UPS AND COVER-UPS
Arnold, Lorna & Smith, Mark, Britain, Australia and the Bomb: The Nuclear Tests and Their Aftermath, 2nd edn, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2006.
Borshmann, Gregg, ‘Maralinga: the fall out continues’, Background Briefing, ABC Radio National, 16 April 2000.
Burns, Peter & Williams, Geoff, interview with author, ARPANSA, Melbourne, 15 April 2004.
Department of Education, Science and Training, ‘Rehabilitation of Former Nuclear Tests Sites at Emu and Maralinga (Australia) 2003’ (MARTAC Report), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2002.
MARTAC Report, see Department of Education, Science and Training.
Moroney, John, ‘Statement on the Disagreement in the Plutonium Data at Maralinga in the Discussion with the Australian Editor of New Scientist’, briefing for Geoff Williams & Pat Davoren, 3 June 1993.
‘Noah Pearce’, Geni,
2015.
Owen, George, statement, Royal Commission, 1984–1985, NAA: A6449, 2 (M–Z).
Owen, George, Royal Commission, 3–30 January 1985, NAA: A6448, 9.
Parkinson, Alan, Maralinga: Australia’s Nuclear Waste Cover-Up, ABC Books, Sydney, 2007.
Pearce, Noah, ‘Final Report on Residual Radioactive Contamination of the Maralinga Range and the Emu Site’, AWRE report no. 01–16/68 (Pearce Report), UK Atomic Energy Authority, January 1968. Edited version released by Australian Department of National Development, May 1979. Full version tabled by Australian Senate, May 1984.
Pearce, Noah, statement, Royal Commission, 1984–1985, NAA: A6449, 2 (M–Z).
Pearce, Noah, Royal Commission, 4–18 March 1985, NAA: A6448, 12.
Pearce Report, see Pearce, Noah, ‘Final Report on Residual Radioactive Contamination of the Maralinga Range and the Emu Site’.
Richardson, JF, Australian Health Physics Representative, ‘Report to the Australian Atomic Weapons Tests Safety Committee on Visits to Maralinga during Operation Brumbie [sic]’, 19 July 1967, Malone files.
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, President), 2 vols, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Sherratt, Tim, ‘A political inconvenience: Australian scientists at the British atomic weapons tests, 1952–53’, Historical Records of Australian Science, vol. 6, no. 2, December 1985.
Symonds, JL, A History of British Atomic Tests in Australia, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
10 MEDIA, POLITICS AND THE ROYAL COMMISSION
‘After Maralinga’ (editorial), Advertiser, 17 April 1980, p. 5.
Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, vol. 102, 1976, p. 3574.
Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, vol. 104, 1977, p. 880.
Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, ‘Radioactive Material at Maralinga’, ministerial statement by Mr Killen, 11 October 1978.
Baker, Candida, ‘A new eye focuses on the rich and powerful’, The Age, 15 August 1987, p. 3.
Ball, Robert, ‘A “devil spirit” that didn’t go’, Advertiser, 3 May 1980, p. 1.
Bayly, Brett, ‘Killen orders enquiry into Maralinga’, Advertiser, 10 December 1976, p. 1.
Beale, Howard, quoted in ‘Plutonium scare “ridiculous”’, SMH, 11 October 1978, p. 2.
Blakeway, Denys & Lloyd-Roberts, Sue, Fields of Thunder: Testing Britain’s Bomb, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1985.
Bowers, Peter, ‘Maralinga’s plutonium mystery becomes even deeper: who left nuclear lump at the site?’, SMH, 7 October 1978, p. 4.
Bowers, Peter, ‘British team to check atom dump’, SMH, 11 October 1978, p. 1.
Bowers, Peter, ‘The real mystery of Maralinga’, SMH, 16 October 1978, p. 7.
Cadogan-Cowper, GF, Senior Adviser, Resources Branch, briefing paper for Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, 13 October 1978, NAA: A6456, R065/080.
Carrick, Senator John, draft reply to Senator Evans’ question, 16 November 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
Cass, Moss, Minister for the Environment and Conservation, letter to Lance Barnard, Minister for Defence, 3 December 1974, NAA: A6456, R065/080.
Clark, Emeritus Professor AM, Chair, AIRAC, letter to Barry Cohen, Minister for Home Affairs and Environment, 13 August 1984, Malone files.
Colless, Malcolm, ‘Govt acts over N-waste safety: Killen loses nuclear role’, The Australian, 10 November 1978, p. 1.
Colless, Malcolm, ‘“Take it back” requests ignored: British snub on plutonium plea’, The Australian, 16 November 1978, p. 1.
Connor, Steve, ‘WA atom blast was far bigger, UK says’, SMH, 26 May 1984, p. 3.
Cook, Melbourne, cable on press arrangements to Herington, Adelaide, 11 September 1956, NAA: A6456, R047/011.
Dean, Anabel, ‘First win for Maralinga victim and hope for others’, SMH, 23 December 1988, p. 3.
Defence Reporter, ‘Doubts cast on SA nuclear dump’, SMH, 11 February 1977, p. 3.
Department of Foreign Affairs, Canberra, outward cablegram to London, 14 & 19 November 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
Dudgeon, Henry, confidential cable to Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 3 November 1978, National Archives of the UK, FCO 1/20.
Dunstan, Don, letter to Malcolm Fraser, tabled as evidence to Senate Estimates Committee, 17 October 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
English, David & De Ionno, Peter, ‘New claims of A-test link with cancer’, Advertiser, 17 April 1980, p. 1.
English, David & De Ionno, Peter, ‘SA atom tests: was cost too high?’, Advertiser, 18 April 1980, p. 9.
Evans, Senator Gareth, draft question for Senate, 16 November 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
Fernandez, RR, Acting Deputy Secretary, Department of Foreign Affairs, teletype message to Minister for Foreign Affairs Andrew Peacock, 14 December 1976, NAA: A6456, R065/080.
Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee, Cabinet minute, decision no. 6812 (FAD), Canberra, 28 September 1978, NAA: A12909, 2605.
Fraser, Malcolm, Prime Minister of Australia, confidential teletype message to Don Dunstan, Premier of South Australia, 20 October 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
Fraser, Malcolm, Prime Minister of Australia, letter to South Australian Premier Don Dunstan, 12 February 1979, Malone files.
Garland, RV, Minister for Supply, letter to P Howson, Minister for the Environment, Aborigines and the Arts, Canberra, 2 February 1972, Malone files.
Garland, RV, extract from Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, 14 September 1972, attached to GF Cadogan-Cowper, Senior Adviser, Resources Branch, briefing paper for Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, 13 October 1978, NAA: A6456, R065/080.
Hailstone, Barry, ‘Expert calls for enquiry into radioactive waste’, Advertiser, 9 December 1976, p. 1.
Jory, Rex, ‘3 government reports now confirm … plutonium buried at Maralinga’, The News, 17 December 1976, p. 1.
Kelso, JR, Acting First Assistant Secretary, Nuclear Affairs Division, Foreign Affairs ministerial submission on Maralinga, 15 November 1978, NAA: A6456, R188/014.
‘Killen attacks Review report’, SMH, 12 October 1978, p. 9.
Killen, DJ, Minister for Defence, ‘Plutonium Buried near Maralinga Airfield’, Cabinet submission no. 2606, 11 September 1978, NAA: A12909, 2605.
Kruger, Andrew, ‘Britain asked to take atomic waste’, SMH, 10 October 1978, p. 1.
Kruger, Andrew, ‘Full story not told on waste – Hayden’, SMH, 13 October 1978, p. 13.
MacCallum, Mungo, ‘Labor’s Maralinga attack very non-nuclear’, Australian Financial Review, 11 October 1978, p. 4.
MacCallum, Mungo, ‘Killen throws a Maralinga bomb – with fallout’, Australian Financial Review, 12 October 1978, p. 4.
MacCallum, Mungo, ‘Toohey: making red faces in high places’, West Australian, 2 September 1989, p. 9.
Macintyre, Stuart, A Concise History of Australia, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2004.
Malone, Paul & Conkey, Howard, ‘Confusion on contamination: radiation too high at Maralinga site’, Canberra Times, 30 September 1984, p. 12.
McClelland, James, transcript of interview with Robin Hughes, Australian Biography Project, 25 January 1995,
Michel, Dieter, ‘Villains, victims and heroes: contested memory and the British nuclear tests in Australia’, Journal of Australian Studies, no. 80, 2004.
Milliken, Robert, No Conceivable Injury, Penguin, Ringwood, 1986.
Morgan, Sue, ‘Britain’s star witness sheds little light’, SMH, 2 February 1985, p. 12.
Morgan, Sue, ‘Titterton was “a British plant”’, SMH, 6 December 1985, p. 1.
Morgan, Sue & Casey, Andrew, ‘Atomic tests report urges compensation and multimillion-dollar clean-up: Thatcher set to tough it out’, SMH, 6 December 1985, p. 1.
Norris, Robert Standish, Questions on the British H-Bomb, Natural Resources Defense Council, 22 June 1992.
‘Nuclear dump “does exist” at Maralinga’, Advertiser, 4 December 1976, p. 3.
‘Nuclear waste could be stolen, govt told’, SMH, 5 October 1978, p. 1.
‘Nuclear waste dump in SA: ex-RAAF man’, Advertiser, 3 December 1976, p. 1.
Pincher, Chapman, quoted in ‘Views from the past’, sidebar story attached to David English & Peter De Ionno, ‘Fall-out blankets a sleeping city’, Advertiser, 17 April 1980, p. 10.
‘Plutonium “unlikely”’, sidebar to Andrew Kruger, ‘Britain asked to take atomic waste’, SMH, 10 October 1978, p. 1.
Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Report (JR McClelland, President), 2 vols, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Shelton, JP, Acting Director, Department of Environment, minute paper, 14 December 1976, NAA: A6456, R065/080.
Summers, Anne, Gamble for Power: How Bob Hawke Beat Malcolm Fraser; The 1983 Federal Election, Thomas Nelson Australia, Melbourne, 1983.
Symonds, JL, ‘British Atomic Tests in Australia Chronology of Events: 1950–1968’, 1984–1985, NAA: A6456/3, R023/003.
Symonds, JL, A History of British Atomic Tests in Australia, AGPS, Canberra, 1985.
Symons, Michael, ‘Is it Russian roulette?’, SMH, 16 June 1972, p. 7.
Tame, Adrian & Robotham, FP, Maralinga: British A-Bomb Australian Legacy, Dominion Press, Melbourne, 1982.
Titterton, EW, ‘The Maralinga scare’, SMH, 7 October 1978, p. 10.
Toohey, Brian, ‘Killen warns on plutonium pile’, Australian Financial Review, 5 October 1978, pp. 1, 6.
Toohey, Brian, ‘Maralinga: the “do nothing” solution’, Australian Financial Review, 11 October 1978, pp. 1, 10, 37.
Toohey, Brian, ‘Govt may exhume plutonium waste’, Australian Financial Review, 12 October 1978, pp. 1, 10, 14.
Toohey, Brian, ‘Maralinga issue raises Defence Dept question’, Australian Financial Review, 13 October 1978, pp. 7, 12.
Toohey, Brian,‘Plutonium on the wind: The terrible legacy of Maralinga’, National Times, 4–10 May 1984, pp. 3–5.
Toohey, Brian, personal correspondence with author, 31 December 2009.