Devices and Desires
Page 36
London life and properties 20–2
gives Bess a magnificent book of gold set with stones 29
liked to gamble 29
leases house in Brentford 40–1
unable to visit Longleat due to sickness 46–7
called to account for financial discrepancies 48–9
death of 49–50
Cavendish, William ‘Wylkyn’, 2nd Earl of Devonshire (grandson of BH) 263, 273, 284, 296, 300
Cecil, Mildred Coke, Lady Burghley 3, 22, 111, 228
Cecil, Robert
joins the Privy Council 228–9
takes over from his father 228, 239
jostles for power and position at court 229
character and description of 252
secretly corresponds with James VI 266
proclaims James VI King of England 275
attempts to plead Henry Cavendish’s case to Bess 277
as target of Main Plot 278
builds Hatfield House 291 and note
receives house plans from Gilbert 291
informed of rapprochement between Bess, the Shrewsburys and Charles Cavendish 292
on Elizabeth being ‘more than a man’ and ‘less than a woman’ 298
Cecil, William, Lord Burghley xx, 167, 298
uses Royal Works for building projects 9
marries Mildred Coke 22
as architectural patron and builder 24, 44
character and description 24
as loyal friend to the Shrewsburys 35, 78, 134, 169, 175–6, 183–5, 194
remodels Burghley 35
anxious at relationship between Elizabeth and Dudley 70
on gossip concerning Bess’s next husband 81–2
receives gift of Sheffield knives from Shrewsbury 86
believes Mary Stuart to be a mortal threat to Elizabeth 93
determined that Mary guilty of adultery and murder 95
kept informed of Mary Stuart’s life in custody 100–1
discusses Mary Stuart giving up her claim to the English throne 111
visits Chatsworth 111, 137
appointed Lord Treasurer 112n
takes the waters at Buxton to relieve his gout 118
eager to see Chatsworth 129
occupied with his London house 129 and note
works on Theobalds 129–30
asked to continue his goodwill towards Arbella 156
writes to Shrewsbury on his leniency towards Mary Stuart 165
commiserates with Shrewsbury on their ‘joint enemy’ gout 183–4, 194
urges Shrewsbury to help Gilbert 183, 194
visits Hatton at Holdenby 198–9
gradually hands over the reins to his son Robert 228
congratulates Bess on the marriage of her granddaughter Grace 238
death of 211, 251–2
Cecily (nurse/midwife) 21, 29
Cerceau, Jacques Androuet du 83, 162, 198
Chapman, John 62
Charles I 300
Charles IX of France 92, 109–10
Chartley Manor (Staffordshire) 189
Chatsworth House (Derbyshire) 217, 245
Crump’s Chamber in 21 and note
Virtues hangings at 23, 139 and note, 140, 175, 189
bought by Bess and William Cavendish 32–5
demolished and rebuilt 34, 301
patched up and made good 35, 36–7
decorative plasterwork at 42–3
magnificent furnishings in 47–8, 73–4
building works overseen by Bess 58–61, 62–4, 129, 135–6, 138
contracts, craftsmen and apprentices at 58, 60–1, 133, 201
finishing off and long gallery added 58–9
lime kilns at 59 and note
female workers at 64 and note
partially funded by William St Loe 72
as permanent or temporary refuge for Bess’s extended family 75
management of 79–81
Mary Stuart lodged at 99, 100, 111–12
as Bess’s preferred place of residence 109, 115–16, 197, 238
The Stand (or hunting tower) 164
Shrewsbury’s claim to contents of 188–9
gardens at 222
Arbella taken to for safety 234–5
acquired by William 293, 296
Chatterton, Margaret 296
Chaucer, Geoffrey 3n
The Legend of Good Women 23
Chaworth, George 262, 281
Chaworth, John 12
Cheke, Lady Frances 186–7, 229
Chew Stoke (Somerset) 67, 78
Clarkson, John 253
Clifford, George, 3rd Earl of Cumberland 240, 284–5
Clothworkers’ Company 86n
Cobham Hall (Kent) 74
Cobham, Sir Henry ‘Harry’ 81
Cobham, Lady see Brooke, Frances Newton, Lady Cobham
Cobham, Lord see Brooke, George, 9th Baron Cobham; Brooke, William, 10th Baron Cobham
Codnor Castle (Derbyshire) 10
Coke, Anne see Bacon, Anne Coke
Coke, Mildred see Cecil, Mildred Coke, Lady Burghley
Coke, Sir Anthony 3
Cooke, Robert 146
Cooper, Mrs 256
Cordell, Sir William 230
Cornwallis, Sir Thomas 152
Court of Wards 34, 51
Courtenay, Henry, Marquess of Exeter 55
Cox, Francis 66
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 7, 30
Crispin, Richard (carpenter) 163
Croft, James 41
Crompe, James 21 and note, 58, 60, 79–80, 175, 181
Cromwell, Thomas 7
Cumberland, Earl of see Clifford, George, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
Curle, Gilbert 121, 168
Danyell family 193
Darcy, Lord Richard 81
Darnley, Lord see Stuart, Henry, Lord Darnley
Davis, Ralph 66
Defoe, Daniel 35n
Derby Cathedral (formerly All Saints church) 263, 297
Devereux, Francis Walsingham 229
Devereux, Robert, Earl of Essex 204 and note, 210–11, 229, 259, 261–2, 272
Devereux, Walter, 2nd Viscount Hereford (1st Earl of Essex) 108
Devonshire, Earls, Dukes and Duchesses see under Cavendish
Dickenson, Gilbert 207
Dickenson, William 119 and note, 120, 163, 200
Digby, Elizabeth 226 and note, 228, 293–4
Digby, John 226n, 280
Digby, Mrs 256
Dissolution of the monasteries 8, 43, 124, 140, 298
Dodd, John (steward) 45–6
Dodderidge, John 249 and note, 260, 268–9, 270, 272
Doddington house (Lincolnshire) 233
Dolphin, Luke 245
Douglas, Margaret, Countess of Lennox 94
Drake, Sir Francis 198
Draper, Hugh 66–7
Dudley Castle 62
Dudley, Lord Guildford 38, 39, 42
Dudley, Jane Guildford, Lady Warwick, Duchess of Northumberland 31, 229
Dudley, John, 1st Duke of Northumberland 134
created Earl of Warwick 21
created Duke of Northumberland 30
known as a reformer 30
as godfather to Bess’s son Henry 31, 39
possibly encourages Edward to draw up Succession document 37
has chimney-piece installed at Dudley Castle 62
execution of 39
Dudley, Robert, Lord Denbigh 173–4
Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester xviii, 1, 62, 90, 298
informs Elizabeth of Katherine Grey’s marriage and pregnancy 69
and death of his wife Amy Robsart 70
flirtation with Elizabeth I 70–1, 136–7
as loyal friend to the Shrewsburys 78, 134, 154
as possible husband for Mary Stuart 94
correspondence with Bess concerning Mary Stuart 97
fortifies Kenilworth Castle 110
takes the waters at Bu
xton 118, 135
receives the Queen at Kenilworth 133–4
thanked by Bess for his ‘infinite number of goodnesses’ to her 134–5
love affairs 135
visits Chatsworth 135–6
asked to continue his goodwill towards Arbella 156
grief at death of his son Robert 174
mentioned in the ‘scandal letter’ sent to the Queen 179
receives gifts from Bess 188n
death of 298
East India Company 255
Edensor (Derbyshire) 32, 240–1
Edward VI 14, 21, 22, 30, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 48, 55
Elizabeth I 3, 124, 298
character and description xix-x, 53–4, 93–4
birth of 7
and Royal Works 9
education of 15
Thomas Seymour plots to marry 30
as godmother to Bess’s son Henry 31, 53
relationship with Bess 53, 54, 78, 84
imprisoned in the Tower 55–6
announces that she may never marry 68
furious at Katherine Grey’s marriage 69
flirtation with Robert Dudley 70–1, 136–7
enjoys receiving presents particularly of clothing 74–5
receives New Year gifts from Bess 74–5, 127, 186, 227, 228, 265
equivocal about Mary Stuart 93
agrees to an inquiry concerning Mary Stuart’s guilt 95–6
arranges custodianship of Mary to be given to the Shrewsbury’s 96–7
expects Shrewsbury to foot the bill for Mary Stuart 105–6
furious at proposed marriage between Norfolk and Mary Stuart 107
excommunicated by the Pope 109, 125
shaken by northern uprising 109
and problem of succession 125–6, 229
furious at Lennox marriage 126
reduces money given to Shrewsbury for Mary’s household 132
concerned at deteriorating relationship between Bess and Shrewsbury 154, 155, 169, 187, 194
remains unmoved at plight of Arbella 157
meets Arbella at court 202
tensions at her court 229
furious at Essex’s insubordination 261–2
health of 261, 269, 273–4
as beneficiary of Bess’s will 264
refuses to nominate a successor 265–6
alarmed at proposed marriage between Arbella and Seymour 269, 270, 271
death and funeral 275, 276
Erasmus 15
Essex, 1st Earl see Devereux, Walter, 2nd Viscount Hereford (1st Earl of Essex)
Eton 70, 79
Ewden (Yorkshire) 292
Farnese, Rainutio 203, 225, 232
Fiennes, Celia 2
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester 7
Fitzherbert, Sir Thomas 192
Fitzroy, Henry 55
Fitzwilliam, Hugh 97, 109–10
Fleet prison (London) 9, 56, 173, 220
Flood, David ‘Davy’ 197, 225
Foljambe, Lady Constance 193
Foljambe, Sir Godfrey 193
Foljambe, Hercules 262
Foljambe, Sir James 28, 60
Fotheringhay Castle (Northants) 190–1
Fowler, Thomas 126, 144
Fox, Edward (warrener) 80–1
Fox (servant) 209
Francis II of France 56, 68, 92
Frecheville, Sir Peter 11, 12
Frechevilles of Staveley 2
Galle, Philips 258n
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester 40
Garnett, Henry 193, 288–9
Gaunt, Adrian (joiner) 62, 83
Gerard, Sir Thomas 112
Gesner, Conrad, Icones Animalium 103
Girouard, Mark 223, 270n
Glossop, Anthony 252
Goodrich Castle (Herefordshire) 133
Greenwich Palace 8, 227, 232
Gresham, Sir Richard 44
Gresham, Sir Thomas 44, 130
Greve, Giles 165
Greville, Sir Fulke 229, 285–6
Grey, Elizabeth Talbot 275
Grey, Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk 298
related to the Hardwicks 14–15
as godmother to Bess’s daughter Frances 15, 26
visited by Bess in London 21
passionately interested in humanism 22
sons as possible heirs to the throne 37
close to her cousin Mary Tudor 40
marries Adrian Stokes 42, 87
supports Katherine’s marriage to Hertford 68
death of 68
Grey, Henry, 1st Duke of Suffolk (3rd Marquess of Dorset)
related to the Hardwicks 14–15
as godfather to Bess’s sons 15, 31, 39, 40
visited by Bess in London 21
appointed to the Privy Council 30
created Duke of Suffolk 30–1
known as a reformer 30
supervises execution of Edward Seymour 31
imprisoned in the Tower 39, 40
joins Wyatt’s rebellion 41–2
execution of 42
buys wardship of Thomas Willoughby 160
Grey, Henry, 6th Earl of Kent 191, 275, 279
Grey, Jane 15, 22, 31, 37, 39, 42, 55, 124
Grey, Katherine 266
marries Henry Herbert 38
annulment of marriage to Henry Herbert 40
as godmother to Bess’s daughter Elizabeth 41, 42
marries Edward Seymour 67–8, 69
as potential claimant to the throne 68
gives birth to two sons in the Tower 69
death of 69, 69–70, 124
Grey, Mary 15, 37, 124
Grey, Thomas 42
Griffin, William 246
Guise, Duke of 179
Guise family 92
Gunpowder Plot (1605) 288–9
Hacker, John 271
Haddon Hall (Derbyshire) 238
Hall, John 112
Hamilton, Alexander 114
Hampton Court Palace 6, 8, 70, 83, 90
Handsworth Lodge (Sheffield) xxviii, 137, 195, 212
Hanks (brewer at Chatsworth) 110
Hardstoft (Derbyshire) 75
Hardwick, Bess of see Talbot, Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury
Hardwick, Dorothy (sister of BH) 3
Hardwick, Elizabeth (mother of BH) see Leche, Elizabeth
Hardwick, James (brother of BH) 3, 4, 5, 28, 75–6, 173 and note, 242
Hardwick, John (father of BH) 2, 4–5, 196
Hardwick, John (grandfather of BH) 3, 4, 196
Hardwick manor 2, 5, 13, 196
Hardwick, Mary (sister of BH) 3
Hardwick New Hall xvii-xix, xx, 36, 162, 206, 209
building accounts and plans xxvii-xxix
library at 3 and note
designs and influences on 22–3
Pearl Bedchamber 47n
craftsmen, contracts and payments at 61, 224, 234, 242, 243, 245–7, 248, 250–1, 260
female workers at 64n
Virtues hangings at 139 and note, 175, 218, 254, 255n, 259
long gallery at 210, 219, 231, 233, 244, 245, 250, 254, 258, 259, 269–70 and note
work begun on 212
Bess’s decision to build 217
as architecturally coherent, ordered and harmonious 218–19 and note
probably designed by Smythson 218–19, 222–3, 243, 244–5
surrounded by orchards and gardens 223, 248, 251
furnishings bought for 224–5, 230–2, 254–5
items acquired from William Hatton 231
‘bargains’ for the building of 235
few accidents at 237–8
plastering, roofing and tree-felling at 237 and note
financing of 240
glass windows, turrets and staircases installed 242–5
Great Chamber at 246, 247, 250, 254, 258, 259, 284
plasterwork and carvings at 246
panelling at 247
final stages of 2
48–9, 250–1
tapestries, matting and cloth hangings installed 250–1, 254
household accounts for 252–3
servants employed at 253–4
interior decoration 254–5 and notes
life and rituals at 255–60
Bess’s bedroom at 257
entertaining at 258–9
operated in conjunction with the Old Hall 280–1
banqueting rooms at 285
fate of after Bess’s death 300–2
visited by Prince Charles (later Charles I) 300
given to the National Trust 302
Hardwick Old Hall xviii, 36, 75, 102, 139, 195, 222, 243
building accounts and plans xxix-xxx, 197
Great Chambers at 196, 205, 208, 210, 218, 225, 247, 258
size and splendour of 196–7, 209–10
transverse hall in 197–8
Bess oversees construction of 199–201, 205–6
contracts, craftsmen and costs at 200–1, 206, 246
designs for 208–9
substantial but incoherent and unbalanced 210
considered a ‘rehearsal’ for the New Hall 217–18
panelling, glass and a brewhouse added 223, 247
internal walls plastered 225
‘bargains’ for the building of 235
roofing of 237
illicit sex and drinking at 280, 296
operated in conjunction with the New Hall 280–1
abandoned and partially demolished 301
Hardwick (place) 2 and note
Harington, John 269
Harpur, John 192, 193, 282, 289
Harrison, Robert 27, 242
Harrison, Rowland 240, 247, 257
Harrison, William xvii, 8, 34, 118
Hastings, Henry, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon 108, 109, 259
Hatfield House (Hertfordshire) 53, 56, 291 and note
Hatton, Sir Christopher xvii, xx, 231, 250
character and description 118
regularly takes the waters at Buxton 118
supplied with lead by Shrewsbury for his building works 137
asked to continue his goodwill towards Arbella 156
mentioned in the ‘scandal letter’ sent to the Queen 179
urges Shrewsbury to deal generously with Gilbert 183
builds both Kirby Hall and Holdenby 198, 217
sponsors Drake in his round-the-world voyage 198
provides Tresham with stone from his quarry 221
adds huge gardens to Holdenby 222
death of 211
Hatton, Sir William 231
Hawthorne, Henry 130
Heath Old Hall (Yorkshire) 163n
Hengrave Hall (Suffolk) 151
Henry II of France 56, 92
Henry III, Duke of Anjou 125, 146, 210–11
Henry, Prince of Wales 278
Henry VII 4, 35, 36, 68, 94
Henry VIII 2, 35, 48, 124
acquires, remodels and builds various buildings xix, 6–7, 8–9
use of wardship as source of revenue 4
marries Anne Boleyn 6, 7
and break with Rome 7