by Tim Clayton
Smith, Harry, The Autobiography of Sir Harry Smith 1781–1819, London, 1902
[Smith, Newman], Flying Sketches of the Battle of Waterloo by a young traveller, London: privately printed, 1852
Swiney, George Clayton, Historical records of the 32nd (Cornwall) light infantry, London: Simkin, 1893
Simmons, George, A British rifle man. The journals and correspondence of Major George Simmons, Rifle Brigade, during the Peninsular War and the campaign of Waterloo, London: Black, 1899
Souvenirs et correspondence sur la bataille de Waterloo, Paris: Teissèdre, 2000
Stawitzky, E. H. Ludwig, Geschichte des königlich Preussischen 25sten Infanterie-Regiments, Koblenz: Bädeker, 1857
Summerville, Christopher, Who was Who at Waterloo: a Biography of the Battle, London: Routledge, 2007
Swinton, J. R., A Sketch of the Life of Georgiana, Lady de Ros, London: John Murray, 1893
Thorpe, Francis Newton, ‘Two Diaries of Waterloo’, The English Historical Review, 3, No. 11 (July 1888), pp. 539–52
Tomkinson, William, The Diary of a Cavalry Officer in the Peninsular and Waterloo Campaigns, ed. James Tomkinson, Second edition, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1895
Trefcon, Toussaint Jean, Carnet de campagne de colonel Trefcon, Paris: Dubois, 1914
Tulard, Jean, Napoleon: the Myth of the Saviour, London: Methuen, 1985
Uffindell, Andrew, The Eagle’s Last Triumph: Napoleon’s Victory at Ligny June 1815, London: Greenhill, 1994
Uffindell, Andrew, Napoleon’s Immortals: the Imperial Guard and its Battles, 1804–1815, Stroud: Spellmount, 2007
Urban, Mark, Rifles: six years with Wellington’s legendary sharpshooters, London: Faber and Faber, 2003
Verner, William, ‘Reminiscences of William Verner (1782–1871) 7th hussars’, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 43 (1965), pp. 39–51
[Waldie, Charlotte], The battle of Waterloo also of Ligny and Quatre Bras etc. by a near observer, ed. Hannibal Lloyd, London: Booth, Second edition, 1815; Tenth enlarged edition, 2 vols, 1817
[Waldie, Charlotte], Narrative of a residence in Belgium during the campaign of 1815; and of a visit to the field of Waterloo, London, 1817
Waresquiel, Emmanuel de, Cent Jours: la tentation de l’impossible mars-juillet 1815, Paris: Fayard, 2008
Waterloo: Récits de combattants, Paris: Teissèdre, 1999
WD: Gurwood, John (ed.), Despatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, 13 vols, London: John Murray, 1834–9
Wedell, Rudolph von, Geschichte des königlichen Preussischen 18.Infanterie-Regiments von 1813 bis 1847, Posen: Scherk, 1848
Weller, Jac, Wellington at Waterloo, London: Longmans, 1967
Wenzlik, Detlef, Waterloo, 3 vols, Hamburg: Roger Zörb, 2008
Wheatley, Edmund, The Wheatley Diary, ed. C. Hibbert, London: Longmans, 1964
Wheeler, Dennis and Gaston Demarée, ‘The weather of the Waterloo campaign 16 to 18 June 1815: did it change the course of history?’, Weather, 60 no. 6 (June 2005), pp. 159–64
Wheeler, William, The Letters of Private Wheeler, ed. Liddell Hart, London: Michael Joseph, 1951
[Williams-Wynne, Frances], Diaries of a Lady of Quality from 1797 to 1844, ed. A. Hayward, Second edition, London: Longman, 1864
[Wood, Charles], Some Particulars of the Battle of Waterloo in a Letter from a Sergeant in the Guards, London, 1816
Woodberry, George, Journal du lieutenant Woodberry; campagnes de Portugal et d’Espagne, de France, de Belgique et de France; 1813–1815, Paris: Plon, 1906
WSD: Supplementary Despatches, Correspondence and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, K. G., 15 vols, London: John Murray, 1858–72.
Wylly, Harold Carmichael (ed.), The Military Memoirs of Lieutenant General Sir Joseph Thackwell, London: Murray, 1908
Zychlinski, Franz von, Geschichte des königlichen Preussischen 24sten Infanterie-Regiments, Berlin: Mittler, 1854
Websites and online resources
16 juin 1815 Bataille de Ligny http://napoleon-monuments.eu/Napoleon1er/1815Ligny-Fleurus.htm
1815 Limited On-line Archive http://www.battleofwaterloo.net/
The British Museum collection online http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/-collection_online/search.aspx
The Campaign of 1815: a study by Pierre de Wit http://www.waterloo-campaign.nl/
Carte de Cabinet de Ferraris http://www.ngi.be/FR/FR1-4-2-3.shtm
Diary of Amabel, Lady Lucas http://library.hud.ac.uk/calmview/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=Yorke%2f30
Fondation Napoléon http://www.napoleon.org/
Hannoversche Militär Geschichte http://www.kgl.de/
Image of France http://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/content/image-france
Napoléon à Gilly en 1815 http://www.gilly.be/VVV/Napoleon_Gilly_1815.html
The Napoleon Series http://www.napoleon-series.org/
Panorama de l’entité de Fleurus http://www.fleurus-tourisme.be/photographies/panorama360.htm
Les uniformes pendant la campagne des cent jours http://centjours.mont-saint-jean.com/
INDEX
Ackermann, Rudolph, 480
Adam, Frederick, 305, 425, 463
Álava, Miguel, 118, 123, 303, 441, 478
Ali, Hyder, 51
Allied army: arrivals of British troops, 46–7, 49–53; British assume credit for victory, xiv, xv, 505, 506; cantonments near Brussels, 55, 63–5, 68–9; casualty rates at Waterloo, 483–4; concentration and marching orders (15–16 June), 125–31; delayed concentration of, xvii, 125–8, 130–1, 285–6; line on morning of 18 June, 303–11; morning of 18 June, 290, 291, 293–6; Netherlands army of occupation and, 10–12, 25–6; numerical strength at Waterloo, 302, 304, 309, 427; overnight, 16–17 June, 253–5; overnight, 17–18 June, 276–80, 283–4, 290–3; panic in baggage train (night of 17 June), 271–5; at Quatre Bras, 172–5, 176–7, 178–81, 188–91, 192–4, 218–22, 227–33; retreat to Mont Saint-Jean (17 June), xviii, 256–9, 260–7; troop numbers, 34, 53; Wellington takes command of, 12, 21–2, 25–7; see also Wellington, Duke of and also under entries for constituent armies
Alten, Karl von, 99, 130, 321, 332, 333, 334, 335; in centre of Wellington’s line, 295, 304, 306–7, 345, 349, 381, 395, 439; on Grand Battery, 379; La Haye Sainte and, 295, 345, 349; men under at Waterloo, 306–7, 308; Nivelles and, 141, 143, 157; Peninsular War and, 64, 307, 308; with Prince of Orange, 304, 381; at Quatre Bras, 192, 194, 195, 206–7, 227; wounded at Waterloo, 439, 440, 482
Antwerp, 7, 10, 56, 284, 490–1, 495
Arentsschildt, Frederick von, 307, 335, 362, 396–7, 419, 439
Armour, James, 358
artillery: art of firing cannon balls, 334; artillery parks, 226, 234, 238, 258, 267, 273–4, 285, 286; British rockets, 51, 368–9; horse, 39, 51, 55, 66–7, 87; incendiary devices, 162, 214, 368, 388; in Napoleon’s army, 37, 38, 39, 87, 332–4; Napoleon’s at Waterloo, 302, 321, 357, 362–3, 387–92, 394, 404, 410–11, 421–6, 434, 437, 439, 455, 470; Napoleon’s at Waterloo (Grand Battery), 316, 332–6, 378, 379, 381–2; Napoleon’s at Waterloo (Guard reserve), 301, 316, 378, 460–1, 464; Napoleon’s at Waterloo (horse), 318, 323; at Quatre Bras, 158–9; shot, 162, 165; types of, 162; in Wellington’s army, 51, 66–7, 120; Wellington’s at Waterloo, 302, 304, 307, 309, 310, 343–4, 368, 394, 398–400, 406, 420, 435, 457, 460–1; Wellington’s at Waterloo (reserve), 320, 373, 408, 409; wet ground of 18 June and, 297–8, 334, 372
artists and poets, xi, 241, 412, 508, 509–11
d’Artois, comte, 5, 56
d’Assche, Marquise, 123
Auerstädt, battle of (1806), 15, 29, 30, 40
Aularde, Pierre, 390, 391
Austerlitz, battle of (1805), 15, 87, 90–1, 93, 203
Austria, 9–10, 15, 16, 36, 99
Avesnes, 59, 62, 72, 73, 74
Bachelu, Gilbert, 106–7, 110, 111, 112, 155, 164, 178, 268, 300, 340, 434–6
Bacler d’Albe, Louis, 42
Badajoz, siege of (1811), 2
84, 489
Bagensky, Carl von, 185, 186, 215
Baillon, Pierre, 281
bands, regimental, 154, 212, 373, 470
Bäring, Georg, 423–4, 441–2, 466, 513; aftermath of battle and, 482–3; La Haye Sainte farm and, 277, 307–8, 341, 342, 345, 390–1, 413, 415–19
Barlow, George, 219
Barnard, Colonel, 172, 277
Barnes, Sir Edward, 49, 194, 231, 440–1
Barnett, Jack, 278, 291, 405, 427
Bassano, duc de, Maret, 454, 476
Bathurst, Earl, 21, 33, 479, 481
Bauduin, Pierre, 191, 321
Baudus, Guillaume de, 171, 208
Baux, Jean-Louis, 194, 339
Beauharnais, Eugène, 8
Beauharnais, Hortense, 6
Belgian troops, xii, xv, 11, 26, 27, 175–6, 309, 378, 396, 486; deserters at Waterloo, 383–4, 385; Wellington’s distrust of, 26, 304, 456
Belgium, 10–11, 12
Bell, Charles, 498–9, 508
Berg, Duchy of, 29–30
Berkeley, Sir George, 98, 99
Bernadotte, Marshal, 108
Bernard, Simon, 42, 73, 74, 75, 329, 391–2, 515
Bernhard, Prince, of Saxe-Weimar, 107–8, 120, 121, 140–1, 143, 156, 191, 192, 310, 445
Berry, duc de, 5, 67, 119, 283, 503
Berthezène, General, 196
Berthier, Louis, 41–2, 103, 112, 134, 504
Bertrand, Henri, 4, 60, 95, 298
Bessborough, Lady, 485
Best, Charles, 173, 290, 310, 366, 379, 385
Bijlandt, General, 156–7, 294, 295, 355, 368
Bijleveld, Adriaan, 107, 157, 158–9, 273, 309, 343, 344
Biot, Hubert-François, 94, 248, 249
Blücher, Prince Gebhard Leberecht von: arrives at Waterloo battlefield (18 June), 402, 403, 428–9; badly wounded at Ligny, 224, 233, 236–7; battle with Lobau’s divisions, 403, 428–9; biographical details, 30; at Brye, 147, 148, 149, 160; Bülow and, 100; character of, xii, 30, 31; contacts with Wellington on 16 June, 142–3; contacts with Wellington on 17 June, 258; contacts with Wellington on 18 June, 284, 375; death of (1819), 513; defence of Charleroi (June 15) and, 96; French language and, 32, 58; as ignorant of Napoleon’s invasion plans, 80; Ligny and, 100, 119, 185, 223–4, 225, 232–3; march to Saint-Lambert (18 June) and, 372; meets Wellington on Waterloo battlefield, 470–1, 481; military career, 30–1; missing presumed dead, 224–5, 234; Nostitz’s rescue of, 236; orders to Ziethen at Waterloo, 430; outflanking drive to Plancenoit, 375, 402, 428–9, 432, 437; Paris (July 1815) and, 501–3; promises to join Wellington on 18 June, 283, 286–7; pursuit of retreating French, 471, 472; Quatre Bras and, 141, 207; republican views, 31, 105; at Roi d’Espagne on night of 18 June, 476–7; Saint-Amand and, 197, 198, 199, 200, 211, 212; Saxon problem and, 33, 34–5; at Sombreffe, 101, 115, 116, 146, 147, 148–9; spares Larrey, 497; at Tirlemont, 33–4; at Wavre (17 June), 237; with Wellington in Brussels (late May 1815), 66, 67, 68
Bois de Bossu, 140–1, 155–6, 159, 174, 191, 192, 195, 205, 227–9, 259, 278
Bois de Paris, 329, 375, 391, 392, 402, 428
Bois Delhutte, 140, 155, 156, 177, 195, 200, 201, 206, 207–8, 239
Bois des Censes, 172, 176–7
Bolton, Samuel, 305, 435, 436
Bonaparte, Joseph, 134, 333, 467
Bonaparte, Louis, 10
Bonaparte, Napoleon see Napoleon Bonaparte
Borcke, Karl von, 374
Borodino, battle of (1812), 40, 506
Böseweil, Major, 341, 342
Bourgeois, Charles-François, 336, 337, 342, 343, 354–5, 356
Bourmont, Louis de, 91, 104–5
Braine-le-Comte, 56, 58
Brennan, Pat, 407–8
Britain: Anglo-American War (1812–15), 25, 50, 284; Aristocratic rule, xi; corn laws, 24, 507; discontent in post-war period, 507; ‘Peterloo’ massacre (1819), 507; political tension with Prussia, 9–10, 27, 31–2; ‘the second Hundred Years War’, 15, 506–7; victory celebrations in London, 480
British army: allowance of gin before battle, 291–2, 293, 294; arrivals in Brussels, 46–7, 49–52; casualty rates at Waterloo, 483–4; corporal punishment in, 48; cowardice and, 379–80, 381–2; heavy drinking in, 47–8, 68–9, 126–7; Irish and Scots in, 48, 49; journey from England to Brussels, 46–7; losses at Quatre Bras, 231; Netherlands army of occupation and, 10–12, 25–6; organisational structure of, 47, 49; Peninsular War and, 16, 23, 25, 26, 47, 50, 52, 65, 173, 364; pillaging and plundering by, 279–80; prestige of, xi; prospect of renewed fighting (March 1815), 45–6; purchase of commissions, 40, 48–9; at Quatre Bras, 172–5, 176–7, 178–81, 188–91, 192–4, 218–22, 227–33; social scene in weeks before battle, xi, 65–6, 67, 68–70, 79–80, 98, 99; troop numbers at Waterloo, 304, 309; Wellington’s ‘scum of the earth’ comment, 47; see also Allied army
Bruges, 46–7
Brunswick, Duke of, Friedrich Wilhelm, 58, 129, 142, 157, 190–1, 192, 221, 495; background and appearance of, 51–2, 123, 511–12; Black Legion of Vengeance and Death, 52, 65, 176, 194, 207; death of at Quatre Bras, 194
Brunswicker troops, xviii; Anglo-Prussian wrangling over, 27; defence of Hougoumont, 325, 326, 327, 340, 404–5, 407, 409, 425, 436; green uniforms of, 207; inexperience of, 52, 304, 409; Jägers, 191, 228; pillaging and plundering by, 281, 292; position on Wellington’s line, 304, 305, 326, 410; at Quatre Bras, 173, 176–7, 191–3, 207, 221, 228–9, 231, 232, 255, 259, 304; reinforcement of centre by, 440, 441, 456, 457, 458, 460, 461
Brussels: aftermath of battle, 482, 492; during battle of Waterloo, 386, 490; Duchess of Richmond’s ball (15–16 June), xii, 98, 117–20, 121–4, 126, 127; medical services in, 493–4, 495, 496–7, 498–9, 508; night of 17–18 June, 270–5; social scene in weeks before battle, xi, 65–7, 69–70, 79–80; Wellington at (15–16 June), 117–18, 119–20, 121, 122–4, 129, 130
Brye, 148, 151, 160, 170, 225, 233, 234; windmill at, 144–5, 147, 150, 151, 160, 224
Buffaut, Aglaé, 322
Bull, Robert, 320, 323, 399, 409
Bülow, Friedrich von, 81, 100, 116, 146, 148, 234–5, 238, 250, 283, 286–9; attack on Plancenoit, 448–52; battle with Lobau’s divisions, 403, 428–9; march to Saint-Lambert (18 June), 287–8, 329, 371–2, 375
Burney, Fanny, 496
Burton, Sergeant, 294, 466
Büsgen, Moritz, 306, 322, 339
Byng, Sir John, 228, 306, 326, 340
Byron, Lord, 24, 66, 466, 510
Cambrai, 502, 515
Cambronne, Pierre, 4, 464, 515, 517
Cameron, John, 194
Canler, Louis, 7, 72, 221, 239, 281, 515; at Waterloo, 336, 342–3, 344, 355, 356, 362–3, 453, 473
Canning, Colonel, 440
Capel, Caroline, 66
Capitaine, Louis, 73
Carey, Tupper, 272, 383–4, 385–6
Carnot, Lazare, 79
Carré, Jean-Nicolas, 517
Castlereagh, Lord, 9, 10
Cathcart, George, 126, 417, 455
cavalry troops: charges at Waterloo, 349–53, 355–9, 360–2, 363, 365–8, 393–400, 404–12, 421–7, 431, 435, 437, 439, 462–3, 467–9; combined with artillery, 219–20, 229; in Napoleon’s army, 37–8, 39, 86–7, 88, 89, 218–22; shortage of horses, 30, 39; in Wellington’s army, 50–1, 66–7; withdrawals by, 261
Chambertin burgundy wine, 86
Charleroi, 76, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 113–14; Allied defensive line and, 21, 31, 34, 58, 59, 61, 92, 96; French attack on (June 15), 93–7, 98–103, 117–20; French delay at, 104, 105; history and topography of, 73, 85, 94–5, 102, 106; Napoleon’s arrival in (15 June), 101–2
Chassé, David, 98, 121, 141, 143, 257, 304, 408, 456, 460, 461, 463
Clark, Alexander, 355–6, 358–9
Clary, July, 6
Clay, Matthew, 158, 228–9, 253–4, 255, 291, 320, 321, 325, 326, 340, 389, 512–13
Cleeves, Andreas, 307, 348, 381, 399
Clinton, Sir Harry, 81, 99, 127–8, 305, 383
Coignet, Captain, 281
Colborne, Sir John, 11–12, 26, 463
Colville, Sir Charles, 127, 305, 502
communication: French problems prior to Waterloo, 90, 112, 134, 152–3, 169–71, 204–5, 208–9, 249, 262; Grouchy on 18 June, 282, 299–300, 328–9, 387, 475, 501; Napoleon’s methods of, 135–7, 152–3, 170, 171, 204–5, 208, 239–40, 262; Ney’s orders at Quatre Bras, 108–9, 135, 136, 138–9, 150, 170–1, 191, 216; in Prussian army, 146, 429; Prussian interception of French, 289; Soult to Ney on 16 June, 135, 138–9, 152–3, 169, 170, 171, 191, 204–5, 208, 262; Soult to Ney on 17 June, 240, 243, 244; Wellington–Prussian generals (on 18 June), 287; in Wellington’s army, 125–6, 240
Condorcet, Sophie de, 135
Congreve, William, 51
Constable, John, 480, 510
Constant Rebecque, Jean Victor Baron de, 99, 108, 117, 120–1, 130, 143, 294, 304, 367–8
Cooke, George, 99, 143, 158
Copenhagen (horse), 144, 176, 303, 478
Corbineau, Juvénal, 282
Corsin, General, 211
Costello, Ned, 128, 141, 231, 254, 258, 512
Cotton, Stapleton, 49
Craan, Benjamin, 511
Crabbé, Jean-Louis, 316, 346, 349, 360
Cramm, Major von, 129, 192
Creevey, Thomas, 270–1, 274, 386, 441, 482
Cubières, Amadée-Louis, 321, 322, 324–6
Cumberland, Duke of, 335, 346, 382
Dalrymple, Leighton, 494
Dalrymple-Hamilton, Jane, 122–3, 124
Damitz, Karl von, 513
Daure, Hector, 241
Davout, Louis, 36, 41
Davout, Marshal, 71–2, 170, 241, 503, 514
de Wit, Pierre, xvii
Decoster, Jean-Baptiste, 299
Delancey, Magdalene, 271, 491, 492, 512
Delancey, Sir William, 49, 118, 125, 256–7, 258, 271, 308, 310–11, 382, 440, 491, 492
Delcambre, Victor-Joseph, 204, 205–6, 208
Delort, Jacques, 88, 114, 201, 214, 223, 224–5, 393–4
Dennewitz, battle of, 100, 115
Dessales, Victor Albert, 204, 205, 266, 267, 316, 333–4, 348, 349, 356, 363, 467
Desvaux, Jean-Jacques, 378
Detmers, Hendrik, 456, 458, 461
Domon, Jean-Siméon, 87, 94, 114, 243, 248, 249, 300, 301, 402–3, 449