Waterloo
Page 75
Richmond, Duchess of, xii, 98, 117, 119, 121–4, 126, 127
Richmond, Duke of, 123, 130, 294, 385
Rignon, Baron, 391
Rivoli, battle of (1797), 336
Robertson, David, 64–5, 128, 173–4, 277, 293, 376, 411, 442–3, 465, 487–8, 512
Rochell, Gerard, 469
Röder, Friedrich von, 145, 223–4, 476
Rogers, Thomas, 174–5, 177, 309, 343
Rogniat, Joseph, 90, 91, 95, 101
Roguet, François, 214, 215
Roi d’Espagne at Genappe, 232, 254, 268–9, 298, 476–7
Roncesvalles, battle of (1813), 284
Ross, Sir Hew, 307, 334, 347
Ross-Lewin, Henry, 380, 462
Rossomme farmhouse, 302, 391, 402, 428, 430–1
Rothschild, Nathan, 479
Rouse, James, 508
‘Route Napoléon’, 3–4
Russia, 9–10, 15, 16, 99; Napoleon’s Russian campaign, 16, 40, 107, 135
Ruty, General, 19, 333
Ryssel, Gustav von, 428–9, 431
Saint-Amand, 115, 145, 151, 154, 160–2; battle at (16 June), 162–3, 165, 167, 169, 196–200, 211–13, 240–1
Saint-Amand-la-Haye, 145, 151, 154, 161, 167, 196–7, 198, 199, 211, 212, 213, 241
Saint-Lambert, 282, 287, 288–9, 300, 329, 372, 375
Salamanca, battle of (1812), 23
Saltoun, Lord, 306, 324, 340, 463
Sandham, Captain, 306
Sattler, Johann, 107, 108
Saxony, 15, 27, 33, 34–5
Scharnhorst, Gerhard von, 29, 30, 31
Schätzel, Lieutenant von, 432, 449–50
Schmitz, Nicolas, 208, 338, 369, 414, 416, 417
Schwarzenburg, Field Marshal, 99
Scott, John, 509
Scott, Sir Walter, 513; ‘The Field of Waterloo’, 509
Scovell, Sir George, 46, 57, 69–70, 78, 123, 271, 290, 386, 441, 492
Sébastiani, Tiburce, 197
Seymour, Lady George, 508
Seymour, Horace, 354, 382, 390, 455
Shaw, James, 306–8, 372, 376, 395, 440, 483
Shaw, John, 349, 352–3
Shea, Maurice, 512
Shrapnel, Henry, 177–8
Siborne, William, History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815 (1844), xv, xvi, xvii
Silesian troops, 106, 141, 147, 160, 161, 288–9, 372, 402, 403, 431–2; Plancenoit and, 448, 449, 450
Smissen, Major van der, 460
Smith, Harry, 466, 489, 490, 491–2, 505, 512
Smith, Juana, 490, 491–2, 512
Smolensk, battle of (1812), 40
Smyth, Carmichael, 256
Sohr, General, 503
Soignes, forest of, 106, 141–2, 267, 271–2, 295, 385
Sombreffe, 101, 115, 116, 134, 135, 136, 137, 143, 151, 200, 234; Prussian army concentrates at, 144–9, 151–2
Somerset, Lord Edward, 350–1, 360, 437, 458
Somerset, Fitzroy, xvi, 4, 58, 119, 130, 148, 172, 233, 257, 303, 440, 441; as Lord Raglan in Crimean War, 512
Somerset, Lady Emily, 508
Somerset, Lord John, 418
Soult, Jean de Dieu, 43, 74, 102, 136, 139, 226, 316, 453, 467, 475, 484, 515; appointed major-général, 42; failure to communicate with d’Erlon, 112; failure to contact Vandamme, 90; Grouchy’s report to (6 a.m., 18 June), 328, 330; intelligence and, 60, 61; invasion of Belgium and, 75, 77, 86; messages to Ney of 16 June, 135, 138–9, 152–3, 169, 170, 171, 191, 204–5, 208, 262; messages to Ney of 17 June, 240, 243, 244; morning of 18 June, 298, 299–300; orders to Grouchy on 18 June, 282, 299–300, 328–9, 475, 501; Peninsular War and, 23, 93, 134; poor staff work during campaign, 90, 112, 134, 152–3, 169–71, 204–5, 208–9; Vandamme’s hatred of, 91, 134; as war minister to Louis XVIII, 4, 5, 42, 91, 134, 203; at windmill at Naveau, 150
Sourd, Jean-Baptiste, 264
Southey, Robert, xi, 412, 509–10
spies and intelligence, 55; allied intelligence centre at Mons, 58; code-breaking and ciphers, 57, 78; disinformation from Bonaparte, 59–60, 70; Napoleon’s, 60–2; Napoleon’s movements and, 58, 60, 77–8, 80–1; Prussian, 58, 60, 77–8, 80; waiter at Roi d’Espagne, 268–9, 298; Wellington’s, xvii, 56–9, 70, 77, 78–9, 80–1, 82, 117–18
Staveley, William, 371, 375, 376, 403
Steinmetz, Karl von, 92, 93, 99, 145, 225, 236, 430, 445; march to Ohain (18 June) and, 372–3, 429; retreat of 15 June, 94, 96, 104, 106, 117; at Saint-Amand, 160, 167, 196, 197, 199, 201
Stoney, Thomas, 508
Stuart, Sir Charles, 119, 515
Subervie, Jacques, 76, 201, 243, 248, 249, 262, 267, 300, 301, 338, 403
Suchet, Louis, 41, 251–2
superstition, 146–7
Sweden, 15, 30
Sympher, Augustus, 305
Taylor, Major, 287, 318
Tennant, Billy, 506
Thielmann, Johann von, 81, 116, 147, 148, 224, 234, 236, 238, 247, 250, 286, 287; defence of Wavre, 374–5, 429, 501
Thornhill, William, 126, 397
Thornton, James, 478
Thuin, 93–4, 96, 98, 99, 112, 117
The Times, xi
Tipoo Sultan, 51
Tippelskirch, Ernst von, 197, 198, 211–12, 213
Tirlemont summit (3 May 1815), 33–4
Tombe de Ligny, 145
topography and maps, 42, 73–4, 87, 235; Charleroi, 73, 85, 94–5, 102, 106; Hougoumont, 305–6, 319–20, 324–5, 404; Quatre Bras, 151, 156; Waterloo area, 141–2, 256–7, 266, 319, 336, 511
Toulon, battle of (1793), 191
Toulouse, battle of (1814), 23
Tournai, 12, 56, 60, 78
Trafalgar, battle of (1805), 182–3
Trefcon, Toussaint, 111, 178, 179, 180, 268, 435–6
Treskow, General, 264
Les Trois Burettes, 145, 151, 216, 235
Trupel, Jean-Aimable, 391
Turner, J.M.W., 510–11
Ulm, battle of (1805), 15, 56
uniforms, military, 107, 122, 185, 352; battle dress, 163, 215; British, 228, 265, 352; confusion caused by similarities, 175–6, 352; Duke of Brunswick and, 123, 207; French, 14, 38–9, 71, 87, 88, 95, 207, 215, 224, 265, 361; Hanoverian, 207; of the Hussars, 51, 67, 303; Prussian, 29–30, 513
United States, 25, 50, 68, 284, 513; as haven for Bonapartists, 515
Uxbridge, Earl of, Henry Paget, 49–50, 51, 65, 66, 67, 77, 79, 118, 123, 380; made Marquess of Anglesey, 511–12; retreat of 17 June, 260–1, 262–4; at Waterloo, 304, 310, 320, 336, 340, 349, 350–1, 353, 396–7, 435, 437; Wellington and, 267–8, 303; wounded at Waterloo, 455
Valenciennes, 56, 58, 72
Valentini, Generalmajor von, 289
Vallance, Dixon, 180
Van Merlen, Jean-Baptiste, 60, 80, 98, 141
Vandamme, Dominique, 74, 105, 240, 243, 515; character of, 90–1, 114; failure to pursue Prussians (17 June), 247, 248, 249; Grouchy and, 91, 113, 114, 134, 136–7, 248, 331; hatred of Soult, 91, 134; Ligny and, 150, 152, 153, 154; march to Gembloux, 250, 251; Napoleonic regrets appointment of, 251; orders to march on Charleroi, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 112; Saint-Amand and, 163, 196, 201–2, 205–6, 211, 225; Wavre and, 331, 373, 374–5, 429
Vandeleur, Sir John Ormsby, 127, 261, 310, 365–6, 458, 466
Vienna, Congress of, 8–11, 12, 26, 27, 32, 33, 506–7
Vimeiro, battle of (1808), 23
Vincent, Charles, Baron, 303
Vincke, Ernst von, 311, 366, 379, 439, 441
Vitoria, Battle of (1813), 16, 23, 173, 342
Vivian, Sir Hussey, 78, 118, 123, 254, 261, 310–11, 318, 446, 457–8, 461, 466, 472
Wagram, battle of (1809), 40, 108, 332
Waldie, Charlotte, 509
Waplington, Richard, 352
war memoir genre, xvi–xvii
warfare, Napoleonic: baggage trains, 271–2, 476; battles, 162, 163–4; bobbing under cannon balls, 324; burying the dead, 242, 255, 483; capturing of colours, 190, 213, 219, 220, 354, 355–6, 358; ca
rrying of wounded off field, 377–8, 427; cavalry withdrawals, 261; combining artillery and cavalry, 219–20, 229; cowardice and, 379–80, 381–2; infantry attacks, 179, 337–8; infantry squares, 174, 180, 188–90, 219–20, 229, 338, 365–6, 368, 381, 397–9, 405, 505; last letters on eve of battle, 284, 293, 442; looting and scavenging on battlefields, 354, 376, 377, 427, 484, 486–7; lying down under artillery fire, 162, 188, 381; men ‘missing’ behind the line, 377–8, 427; military discipline, 48; movement of armies, 46–7, 71, 86–91; musket firing process, 164; organisational structure of armies, 37–8, 47, 49, 92, 160, 164; provisioning of armies, 63, 86, 90, 113–14, 128, 143, 147, 239; quartering and encampment of armies, 55, 63–5, 128; rallying of fleeing men, 199, 367–8; smell of battlefield, 255; transport of wounded soldiers, 241–2, 255–6, 258, 274; wounded men, 256, 274–5, 377–8, 383, 384–5, 386
Warsaw and Saxony, Duchy of, 9–10
Waterloo (film, 1970), 464
Waterloo, battle of: Allied pursuit of retreating French, 466–70, 471, 472–3, 475–6; battlefield overnight, 18–19 June, 482–3, 484–5; British prisoners of French, 474–5; British reinforcements from reserves, 378–9, 425, 427, 456, 457–8, 460; British rockets at, 368–9; casualty rates, 483–4; charge of Vandeleur’s brigade, 365–8; charges of British heavy cavalry, 349–53, 355–9, 360–2, 363, 365, 368, 378, 386, 435, 437; chronology of, xii, xiv; decisive nature of, xi, 504; d’Erlon’s infantry formation, 337–8; desertions to the French at, 369; Fichermont chateau, 289, 300, 310, 387–8, 402, 403, 432, 445, 451; field in aftermath of, 482–3, 484–9, 491–2, 508–9; first action of the day, 318; Foy and Bachelu’s attack on Hougoumont, 434–6; French counter-attack (2.30 p.m.), 360–3; French Grand Battery assault, 316, 332–6; French Grand Battery re-established, 378, 379, 381–2; French Guard artillery attack, 421–3; French plan of action, 315–16; French prisoners captured at, 517; French troops flee battlefield, 461–3, 466–9; Guard light cavalry attack of the centre, 421–5; intensity and violence of fighting, 506; loss of Wellington’s strike cavalry, 363–4; lull in fighting (3–3.45 p.m.), 376–7, 378–9; mass attack of French cavalry (first), 393–400, 404; mass attack of French cavalry (second), 404–12; naming of, 480–1; Napoleon on, 315; Napoleon’s battle orders, 317–18; Napoleon’s deployment and plan of, 281–2; Napoleon’s final attack, 447, 505–6; Napoleon’s first attack defeated, 364, 378; Napoleon’s reserve, 317, 430–1, 433, 434, 456, 460, 464; near collapse of Wellington’s centre, xviii, 437–43, 447, 467, 505; news of victory spreads, 479–80, 491; noise and smoke, 437, 458, 485; Papelotte farm, 310, 333, 336, 337, 387–8; ploughed fields, 309, 353, 396, 469; Prussian advance from Bois de Paris, 329, 391–2, 401–3, 428–9; Prussian assault on Plancenoit, 446, 448–52, 484; Prussians sighted on French right flank, 329, 391–2, 394, 395; rescue of wounded men after, 485–6; scenes behind Wellington’s lines, 377–8, 383–6; second French assault, 387–92; start of (eleven o’clock), 311; temporary deafness caused by, 485; tourists to battlefield, 507–11; victory celebrations in London, 480; Wellington on, xii, 479, 482; Wellington reinforces centre, 455–6, 457–8, 460; Wellington’s left wing (eastern flank), 290, 304, 306, 310–11, 316, 318, 339–44, 371, 387–8, 401–3, 428; Wellington’s right wing (western flank), 304–5, 315, 318, 388, 425–7, 429–30; wet ground and, 297–8, 334, 371–2; widespread plundering on eve of, 279–80, 292, 293; see also Hougoumont, château-ferme of; La Haye Sainte; Mont Saint-Jean
Waterloo, village of, 141–2, 267, 290, 441, 478, 481, 485
Waterloo subscription, 507, 509
Wavre, xix, 235–8, 251, 256, 282, 283, 285, 286–7, 316, 329–30; battle of (18 June), 331, 375, 429, 475, 484, 501; bridges across the Dyle, 374, 429
weather conditions, xviii, 30, 52, 63, 65, 75; during battle of Waterloo, 334; heat and humidity of 17 June, 244; heat of 15 June, 95; heat of 16 June, 143, 147, 153, 157, 158, 172, 178, 183; heavy rain on 14 and 15 June, 86, 90; heavy rain on 17 June, 250, 261–2, 265, 266, 267, 286; heavy rain overnight, 17–18 June, 276–7, 280, 282, 284; morning of 18 June, 290, 291, 294, 297, 299; storm of 16 June, 214, 223, 225, 257; storm of 17 June, 261–2
Webster, Henry, 121, 123
Webster, Lady Frances, 66, 123, 283
Wedgwood, Thomas, 323–4
Weiz, Friedrich, 381, 422, 423
Wellesley, Richard, 22, 507
Wellington, Duke of, xi; advance to Paris, 502–3; agrees to 1 July offensive, 68; biographical details, 22–3; on British army, 47; at Brussels (15–16 June), 117–18, 119–20, 121, 122–4, 129, 130; calm and confidence at Waterloo, 440; character of, xii, 22, 23–4, 130; chosen battlefield at Mont Saint-Jean, 256, 258, 265, 267, 268–9; claims credit for Waterloo victory, xiv, xv, 505, 506; close cooperation with Prussians, xii, 32–3, 59, 133, 144, 148–9, 505; command structure of, 303–4; at Congress of Vienna, 8, 10; contacts with Blücher on 16 June, 142–3; contacts with Blücher on 17 June, 258; contacts with Blücher on 18 June, 283, 375; criticises fleeing artillery at Waterloo, 399; defence of Hougoumont and, 389; defensive deployments (April-June 1815), 21, 34, 53, 55–6; delayed concentration of army, xvii, 125–8, 130–1, 285–6; despatches in London Gazette, xiii–xiv, 479–80; dislike of rockets, 51; early military career, 22; expectation of Prussian help on 18 June, 310–11, 371; fall of La Haye Sainte and, 417; favoured battlefield at Hal, 34; Gneisenau and, xv, 31–2, 285–6; headquarters at Waterloo, 267–8, 283, 478; as ignorant of Napoleon’s attack plans, 59, 78, 79, 80, 81–2, 99–100; issues marching orders (15–16 June), 125–31; line on morning of 18 June, 303–11; marches from Brussels (16 June), 129, 141; meeting at Brye (16 June), 144–5, 147, 148–9; meets Blücher on Waterloo battlefield, 470–1, 481; military prowess of, 22, 23–4; moment of victory and, 464, 466; morning of 18 June and, 290, 303; objections to a history of Waterloo, xii–xiii; overnight, 16–17 June, 232–3, 254; overnight, 17–18 June, 283; overnight, 18–19 June, 478–9; Peninsular War, 16, 23, 27, 49, 50, 52, 57, 155, 364; political career, xv, 22, 23, 511; Prussian arrival and, 455; Prussian retreat to Wavre and, 235, 240, 256; quality of army at Waterloo, 304; at Quatre Bras, 142–3, 159, 172–81, 190–1, 195, 206–7, 227–33, 240, 243, 245, 254, 256; requests Prussian troops for Brussels (April-May 1815), 21, 31–2, 34; retreat to Mont Saint-Jean (17 June), xviii, 256–9, 260–7; rewarded for victory, xi, 507, 511; shortage of troops (March-May 1815), 25, 27; to Sombreffe, 143; takes commands of Allied army, 12, 21–2, 25–7; at Tirlemont, 33–4; troops’ attitudes towards, 23–4; Uxbridge and, 267–8, 303; victory dispatch, 479–80, 505; on Waterloo, xii; whereabouts of Prussians and, 270; womanising of, 24, 66, 511; writing equipment, 144; see also under Waterloo, battle of
Westphalia, kingdom of, 26, 29, 51, 52
Westphalian troops, 93, 94, 161, 166, 183, 185, 196, 197, 198–9, 213, 215, 225, 226
Weyhers, Major von, 421–2, 423
Wheatley, Edmund, 12, 25, 258, 274, 295–6, 311, 335, 347, 381–2, 396, 397–8, 412, 418–19; marriage to Eliza Brookes (1820), 512; taken prisoner at La Haye Sainte, 419–20, 474–5
Wheeler, William, 46–7, 64, 257–8, 280, 292, 321, 325, 406–7, 502, 503, 512
Whigs, British, 16, 18, 24, 37
Whinyates, Captain, 51, 368
Whitbread, Samuel, 507
White, Loraine, 406
Wilhelm of Prussia, Prince, 428
Willem of Orange, 10–11, 27, 33, 68, 507
William IV, King, 513
Wilson, Harriette, 511
Witowski, Andreas von, 288
women: billeted soldiers and, 64; in brothels, 65; Friederike Krüger, 115; at Quatre Bras, 254–5; vivandières and blanchisseuses, 90; at Waterloo battlefield, 324, 338, 424; wives of soldiers, 64–5, 128–9, 255, 258, 424, 490–2
Wood, Sir George, 51
Wood, William, 515
Wordsworth, William, 509
Wycombe, Earl of, 13
Young Guard, 38, 88, 101, 102, 153, 469; in Plancenoit, 448–9, 450, 451, 456, 469–70; reinforces Lobau on right wing, 432–3; at Sa
int-Amand, 201, 212–13
Zastrow, Major von, 166, 183, 185–6, 213
Ziethen, Hans von, 58, 59, 60, 61, 81, 92, 94, 104, 105, 116, 145, 151–2, 234, 286, 288; attacks Nassauers by mistake, 445; Blücher’s order to at Waterloo, 430; defence of Charleroi (June 15), 92–3, 95–7, 101; defensive plan of 2 May, 80, 92–3; Fleurus and, 92, 93, 100, 101, 104, 114–15, 116; march to Ohain (18 June), 372–3, 429; pursuit of retreating French, 476; reinforces Wellington’s left wing, 445–7, 455, 462; reports Charleroi attack, 96, 97, 100, 117–18; retreat of 15 June, 80, 96–7, 101, 105–6, 114–15; retreat to Wavre and, 235, 237; Saint-Amand and, 161–2, 167