by Scott McGill
Radegund 243
Rape of Helen (Colluthus) 222, 224
Rape of Proserpine (Claudian) 32
Ravenna Cosmography 407
Ražden (martyr) 90
received history 95
reception (late antique literature) Arabic, of late antique literature 569–582
in early modern period 597–610
and end of late antiquity 337–338
inscriptions 517–519
Recognitions (Pseudo‐Clementine) 410
Reformation 599, 603, 608
Refutatio (Hippolytus) 333
Reginald of Canterbury (d. ca. 1109) 590
Regulae (Pseudo‐Augustine) 453
Reichl, Karl 281
religious travel 362–363
religious verse, Latin 33–34
Renaissance 391, 519, 599, 612
Renatus, Flavius Vegetius 497
Renatus, Profuturus Frigeridus 153
Republic (Plato) 65
Res Gestae (Ammianus Marcellinus) 37, 151–153, 368, 495
Resurrection 266, 268
rewriting, Byzantium period 562–563
Rexroth, Kenneth 636
Reynolds, Gabriel 137
Rhetor, Zacharias 56
rhetoric (art of discourse) classical 262, 347–348
epideictic 194, 212
and grammar 458–460
Greek 68
public contests 197
schools of 213
and sermons 30
skill, showing off 350
Syriac literature 53–54
training 10
translation 528
Rhetorica ad Herennium 215, 460
Rice, Eugene 607
Richard of St. Victor 338
rites, books of 78
Roberts, Michael 630
Roman Empire/Roman period 37 see also History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The, (Gibbon); inscriptions
Acts of the Senate 212
and Christianity 4, 87, 404, 506, 508
and chronicles 185
collapse of Empire 185
comedy 433
decline and fall 611
educational system 9, 10
epideictic oratory 214
failure of Western Roman Empire 27
festivals 543
Georgian historiography 98, 100
inscriptions 506
law/legal texts 148, 417, 418
letter collections in the later Roman period 390–394
mobile society 360
papyri 10
praise‐discourse 215
republicanism 97, 548
Roman identity 269
Romanos the Melode 13, 262, 377, 530
Roman–Prussian war (502–506) 56
Romanus, Julius 454
Romulea (Dracontius) 230
Rufinus 31, 92–93, 161, 164, 170, 201, 251, 252, 317, 535
Rufinus of Antioch 464
Rufinus of Aquleia 523
Rufus, John 90
Rufus of Shotep 63, 71
Rules (Pachomian) 67
Ruricius of Limoges (d. ca. 510) 34
Russell, Donald 211
Rusticus Elpidius 250
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus 32–33, 367
Sabanis‐że,’ Iovane 90
Sabinus of Heracleia 168
Sabinus the Arian 168
Sacerdos 453, 463
Šāhnāma (Ferdowsī’) 95, 96
saints 51, 70, 363, 380, 382 see also hagiography; martyrs/martyr texts
Christian history and hagiography 38–39, 40
cult of 33, 38, 536
lives of 39, 531, 562, 592
Salvian of Marseille (ca. 440) 408
Sanskrit literature 114–115, 575
Sappho, Lesbian 198, 199
Šapūr I 104–105, 115
Šapūr II 105
Šāpūr Sagānšāh 105
Sasanian period (224–651 CE) 97, 98, 137, 575 Armenia (244–651 CE) 75, 76
inscriptions 104
Iran, governing of 95, 103
Pahlavi literature 103, 106, 107, 114, 115
territorial extent of Empire 105
satire 270 Latin 291
Menippean 281, 282, 288, 290, 291
mixed‐meter 283–285
Roman 283
Saturnalia (Macrobius) 256, 290, 434, 544, 546, 548, 592
Satyricon 287, 288, 289
scholasticization 345
school texts 471–490 audience 484–487
chreia 476–477, 484–485
classroom practice 479–484
fables 477–478, 485–486
“forms” of late antique literary architecture 474–479
“fragments” of late antique literature 473–474
maxim 476, 484–485
narrative 478–479, 486–487
O.Cairo 44674.118 483–484
O.Col.inv. 766 482–483
P. Bouriant 1 480–481
P. Cotsen‐Princeton 1 481–482
Scriptures 4, 268, 435, 481 biblical commentary 314, 316, 317, 319, 321
and sermons 345, 346
translation 78, 532–534
Scythica 146
Sebeos (historian) 84
second century, literary shifts in 287–289
Second Sophistic (ca. 100–250) 144, 145, 148, 212, 304, 329 rhetorical style 348–349
Secretum Secretorum 406
secular verse, Latin 32–33
Sedulius, Caelius 34, 231, 232, 242, 244, 273, 586
Seeck, Otto 397
Sells, Michael A. 133
Semitic languages 124, 128
Seneca 212, 281, 283, 284, 285, 288, 425
Septuagint, the 15
Sergius of Reshaina (d. 536) 16, 54, 56–57, 527
serial biography 172
Serjeant, Robert 136
sermons 343–357 advice about 348–351
classical rhetoric, influence of 347–348
Coptic literature 62
Gallic 30–31
as a genre 346–347
Latin 30–31
origins 344–346
popularity 353
preachers and audiences 352–353
preservation 353–354
and rhetoric 30
shorthand writers 353–354
Syriac 346
and theology works 31
Servius (fl. ca. 400) 218, 454, 545, 546, 592
Severus, Sulpicius (fl. ca. 400) 39, 200, 301 Life of St. Martin 232, 592
Shenoute (Coptic author, 347–465) 61, 67–69, 71
short‐form poems 241
shorthand writers 344, 353–354
Sidonius Apollinaris (d. ca.489) 153, 209, 229, 259, 359, 360, 495, 589, 614, 631 epigrams and occasional poetry 246–247, 254
Latin literature 29, 31, 32, 34–36, 40
and letters/letter collections 391, 395, 397
Sigibert of Gembloux 185
Signature of All Things, The, (Rexroth) 636–637
Sijpesteijn, Petra 136
Silentiarius, Paulus 636
Silver Age of Statius 32
Silvestris, Bernardus 282
Simeon of Beth Ashram 55
Simeon the Stylite (d. 451) 381, 635
Simocatta, Theophylact 5
Simonides 298, 300
Simplicius (ca. 480–540CE) 12, 301–303, 307, 308
Sinai, Nicolai 137
Sirikius of Neapolis 474
Sirmond, Jacques 421, 616
sixth century chronicles following 187–188
Greek historiography 13–14
Škand ī Gūmānīg Wīzār (Doubt Dispelling Explanation) 108
Skuthiká 146
Slavitt, David 286
Sluiter, Ineke 309
Socrates 13, 572 ecclesiastical history 161, 163–164, 168, 170, 171
philosophical commentary 297–298, 300
Socrates Scholasticus 343, 344, 347, 444
Somnium Scipion
is (Cicero) 592
Somxitʻi/Gugarkʻ (Armeno‐K’art’velian marchland) 88, 89, 93, 94
Sopater 474
Sophists 151, 195–198, 204, 210, 261, 331 see also Second Sophistic (ca. 100–250); Third Sophistic
Soranus 405
Soterichus of Oasis 222, 227
sources, inscriptions 510–512
Sozomen 13, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169, 170, 444
Sozomenos 154
Speyer, Wolfgang 401, 407, 408
Spiritual History 232
Stein, Peter 126
Stephanus of Alexandria 406
Stephen bar Sudhaili 52
Stewart‐Sykes, Alistair 345
Stobaeus, Johannes 255, 440–441
Stobaios, John 559
Strabo, Walafrid 180
Strategios 211, 212
stylum pingue atque floridum (flowery style) 29, 30, 34
sublexical level, grammar 455–457
substantia ipsius actus 461
successor states 27
Suetonius 184
Sulpicius Alexander 153
Sulpicius Severus 39, 171
summary, commentaries 302–303
supra‐tribal koine (language of early Arabic poetry) 130
Sūr ī Suxwan (Banquet Speech) 112
survey 317–322
Šušanik (daughter of Vardan Mamikonean) 89, 90
Swain, Simon 374
Sweynheym, Conrad 601
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius 29, 30, 34, 35, 209, 216, 256, 428, 545, 616 and letters/letter collections 390, 391, 394, 395, 397, 398
Symons, Arthur 630
Symphosius 243
sympotic literature 289–290
synagogues 345
Synesius of Cyrene 13, 197, 204–205, 246, 335, 360, 361, 393, 405–406
Synkellos, Georgios 561
Synodal Discourse, Against the Fantasiasts (Yovhannes Ojec’i) 81
synoptic tables 458
syntax 460–461
Syria 77, 88, 89, 94, 124, 126, 127, 394, 528, 566 southeast 128
Syriac language, literature and culture 47–60 biblical commentary 48–49
biography and hagiography 52–53
Christology 47, 48, 49, 51, 52
division between East and West Syriac Churches 47
and epideictic oratory 195
epistolography 54–55
historiography 14, 55–56
and language 171
Law Book of Yišoboxt 107
and medicine 526
philosophy 56–58
poetry 5, 49–51
and pseudepigraphy 411
rhetoric 53–54
sermons 346
theology 51–52
translation from Greek 12, 15, 16, 56–58, 78, 526, 533
Tà metà Aléxandron (Dexippus) 146
Tabula Mundi (John of Gaza) 265
Tabula Peutingeriana 365, 366
Tacitus, Cornelius 144, 149, 151, 614
Taktika (military manual) 562
Targums 533, 534
Tārīx‐e Sīstān (History of Sīstān) 111
Tatianus, Flavius Eutolmius 392
Teaching of St. Gregory (Gregory the Illuminator) 81
technical texts 114 491–493 pseudepigraphy 404–406
Temple Mount, Jerusalem 369
Tertullian (ca. 160–240) 332, 334, 408
texts abbreviated 433, 437–439
apocalyptic and visionary (Pahlavi) 108–110
authentication of 403
canonical 404, 407, 433
condensed 437–439 transformation of original texts into condensed forms 443–445
cultural 112–113
defense of text vs. critique of tradition 291
devotional 263
didactic 110, 225
epic (Pahlavi) 110–111 see also epic poetry
geographical 110–111
historical, pseudepigraphy 406–407
inscriptions 512–514
legal see legal texts
literary 491, 492
liturgical 78
macrotext 391, 395
martyr 382–383
medical 404–406
parabiblical 534
philosophical and debate (Pahlavi) 108
postclassical 313
preservation 168
reference 313
school see school texts
secular 106
technical 114, 404–406, 491–493
textuality 242
Themistios/Themistius 209, 211, 216, 525, 560
Theodore (theologian of the East Syriac Church) 49, 50, 54, 335, 536
Theodore of Tarsus (ca. 602–690) 14–15
Theodoret of Cyrrhus 13, 161, 164, 166, 167, 168, 381, 444, 532, 536
Theodoric (Ostrogothic king) (493–526) 29, 32, 614
Theodorus, Mallius 454
Theodosian Code 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 511
Theodosius I (379–395) 29, 30, 246, 250, 363
Theodosius II (401–450) 169, 227, 242, 246, 409 legal texts 418, 422
theology/theological works 11, 31, 49, 108 Armenian literature 79–81
Christian theological literature 327–342
conduct of 330
and ecclesiastical history 166–167
prose 80–81
Syriac literature 51–52
translation 58, 535–536
treatises 11, 32, 36
Theon of Alexandria 474, 475, 476, 477
Theophanes 180, 365, 367
Theophilus of Antioch 314, 317, 323
Theophilus of Edessa 171, 527–528
Theophylact Simocatta 5, 156
Third Sophistic 196
Thirteen Syrian Fathers 90, 93, 94
Thomas of Harkel 535
Thousand and One Nights 116
Thrasamund (d. 523) 247
Thrax, Dionysius 451, 453, 528
“Throne of Adulis,” Ethiopia 14
Thucydides 143, 144, 162
Tigran, King of Armenia 77
Tillemont 616, 617
Timaeus (Plato) 303
To Autolycos (Theophilus of Antioch) 317
To the Lighthouse (Woolf) 633
Toletanus, Iulianus 454
tombstones 511, 512
topography, biblical 363
topoi 196, 201, 267
traditions, fusion of 97
translation 523–538 biblical 15, 58, 78 New Testament 11, 17, 49, 113
Old Testament 15, 48
Christianity as language of 64
Coptic literature 64–66
of Greek 12, 15, 16, 56–58, 66
Hellenization in 15
inscriptions 516
law 528–529
medicine 526–527
parabiblical texts 534
philosophy 525–526
poetry 529–530
prose fiction 530–532
revision of earlier translations 15
rhetoric 528
Scriptures 78, 532–534
Syriac literature 12, 56–58
theological works 58, 535–536
“translation‐movement” project 16
travel/pilgrimage literature 39, 359–372 Christianization of travel 360
historiography 368
itineraries 363–365
letters 360–362
maps 365–366
periegeseis and periploi 366–368
religious travel 362–363
testimonies of travel and physical movement 360
vitae 368–369
Trdat’ (Armenian king) 77, 81, 83, 93, 95
Treatise on the Spiritual Life, A, (Sergius of Reshaina) 57
Treiger, Alexander 578
Trilogy of Lives 382
Trinity 32, 336, 376
Troy, story of 36–37, 222, 406
Tudor, Elizabeth 598
Tur Abdin, Turkey 382
Urbano, Arthur 379
de Valois, Adrien 620–621
de Valois, Henri 620, 621
Valens (364–378) 36, 426, 434, 435, 443, 617 and classicizing of history/historical epitomes 147, 149–152
and panegyrical works 209, 211
Valentinian I (364–375) 29, 211, 507 legal texts 420, 426, 428
Valentinian II (375–392) 30
Valentinian III (419–455) 246, 437
Valerius, Julius 407
Van Nuffelen, Peter 164, 350
Vandals 187
Variae 34, 420
Varro (116–127 BCE) 31, 259, 434, 439, 452, 459, 493 prosimetra 283, 284, 290, 291
Varskʻen the bidaxš 94
Vaxtang Gorgasali (K’art’velian royalty) 91, 97
Venantius Fortunatus see Fortunatus, Venantius (ca. 530–600/609)
Venus 248
Verba Achillis in Parthenone 244
Verecundus 249
Verlaine, Paul 630, 632
verse see also poetry
epistles 270
Gospels 33–34
homilies 13
Latin 32–34
occasional 241
oracles in 262
panegyrical 29, 30, 32
religious 33–34
secular 32–33
Versus ad Gratiam Domini (Pomponius) 242
Vevaina, Y.S.‐D. 106
Vexilla regis (Fortunatus) 273
Victor, Aurelius 36, 37, 149–150, 438, 444
Victor of Tunnuna 165, 182, 186
Victor of Vita 38
Victorinus, Marius 248, 335, 525 and grammar 456, 458, 459, 465
Vidal, Gore 637
Virgil 290, 319, 433, 435, 493, 614 Aeneid 222, 244, 436, 465, 585, 621
antiquarian literature 544, 545, 546, 547, 549
Christian poetry 268, 269, 272
epic poetry 222, 229, 230, 231
epigrams and occasional poetry 242, 244, 247, 251
Georgics 244, 271