74. Gallagher, The End of the Suburbs, pp. 6, 14–17; Ehrenhalt, The Great Inversion, Kindle location 199; Matthew Yglesias, “Single-Family Homes Are Going Out of Style. Thanks, Millennials!,” Vox, October 19, 2014.
75. Pew Research Center analysis of Decennial Census (1960–2000) and American community survey data (2008, 2010) cited in “Barely Half of U.S. Adults Are Married—a Record Low,” Pew Research Center, December 14, 2011, pp. 1–2; Gallagher, The End of the Suburbs, pp. 19, 146.
76. Douglas Quenqua, “Millennials Set to Outnumber Baby Boomers,” The New York Times, January 19, 2015; Gallagher, The End of the Suburbs, pp. 19–20; Katz and Bradley, The Metropolitan Revolution, p. 120.
77. Joe Cortright, “The Young and Restless and the Nation’s Cities,” City Report, City Observatory, October 2014, p. 1.
78. Mark Oppenheimer, “Technology Is Not Driving Us Apart After All,” The New York Times Magazine, January 17, 2004.
79. The first four paragraphs in this section are adapted from my book with James Carville, It’s the Middle Class, Stupid! (New York: Blue Rider Press, Penguin Group, 2012), pp. 230–35; Fiscal Year 2014 Budget Resolution, “The Path to Prosperity: A Responsible, Balanced Budget,” House Budget Committee, March 2013, p. 14.
80. “The Budget and Economic Outlook 2014 to 2024,” Congressional Budget Office, February 2014, pp. 7, 9; Paul Krugman, “The Dwindling Deficit,” The New York Times, May 8, 2013.
81. Carville and Greenberg, It’s the Middle Class, Stupid!, p. 118.
82. Jason Furman, “Six Economic Benefits of the Affordable Care Act,” White House Council of Economic Advisers, February 6, 2014; Sarah Kliff, “The Amazing News Buried Inside a 283-Page Medicare Report,” Vox, July 28, 2014.
83. Margot Sanger-Katz and Kevin Quealy, “Medicare: Not Such a Budget-Buster Anymore,” The New York Times, August 27, 2014.
84. Sarah Kliff, “Good News! Health Spending as a Share of the Economy Is Shrinking,” The Washington Post, January 6, 2014; “National Health Expenditures; Aggregate and Per Capita Amounts, Annual Percent Change and Percent Distribution: Selected Years 1960–2012,” Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group, http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/tables.pdf.
85. “Trends in Health Care Costs and the Role of the Affordable Care Act,” White House Council of Economic Advisers, November 2013, pp. 1, 4; Jason Millman, “Here’s Exactly How the United States Spends $2.9 Trillion on Health Care,” The Washington Post, December 3, 2014.
86. Margot Sanger-Katz, “More Good News on the Deficit, This Time Because of Private Insurance Health Premiums Numbers,” The New York Times, March 9, 2015.
87. Ezekiel J. Emanuel, “Insurance Companies as We Know Them Are About to Die,” The New Republic, March 2, 2014.
3 AMERICA’S CULTURAL EXCEPTIONALISM
1. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, last revised January 7, 2014; “Millennials in Adulthood,” Pew Research Center, March 7, 2014, pp. 3, 9; “An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury,” U.S. Census Bureau, August 14, 2008; “Most Children Younger Than Age 1 Are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports,” U.S. Census Bureau, May 17, 2012; Tallese Johnson and Rose Kreider, “Mapping the Geographic Distribution of Interracial/Interethnic Married Couples in the United States: 2010,” U.S. Census Bureau, SEHSD Working Paper 2013–19, April 2013; Wendy Wang, “The Rise of Intermarriage,” Pew Research Center, February 16, 2012, pp. 1, 5.
2. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, last revised January 7, 2014.
3. Michael Hout, Claude Fischer, and Mark Chaves, “More Americans Have No Religious Preference: Key Finding from the 2012 General Social Survey,” Institute for the Study of Societal Issues, University of California at Berkeley, March 7, 2013; national survey of 2,566 adults conducted by Gallup, May 2–7 and December 5–8, 2013, cited by Frank Newport, “In U.S., Four in 10 Report Attending Church in Last Week,” Gallup, December 24, 2013.
4. Inaugural Address by President William J. Clinton at the West Front Capitol, January 20, 1997.
5. Daniel Proussalidis, “2011 Census: Nearly One in Five Canadians Are Visible Minorities, StatsCan Reports,” Toronto Sun, May 8, 2013; “Welcoming More New Canadians,” Department of Canadian Immigration and Citizenship, February 28, 2014; Jonathan L. Black-Branch, Making Sense of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Toronto: Canadian Education Association, 1995), p. 38; Irene Bloemraad, “Understanding Canadian Exceptionalism in Immigration and Pluralism Policy,” Migration Policy Institute Transatlantic Council on Migration, July 2012.
6. Simon Romero, “Rio’s Race to Future Intersects Slave Past,” The New York Times, March 8, 2014; Mimi Whitehead, “Brazil: In the Market for Millions of Immigrants,” The Christian Science Monitor, March 28, 2013; Linsey Davis and Eric Noll, “Interracial Marriage More Common Than Ever, but Black Women Still Lag,” ABC News, June 4, 2010; “Characteristics of the Population and Households of the 2010 Population Census,” table 1.3.1, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2010; Marcelo Paixão, “Analysis of Conclusions and Recommendations Made by the Working Group in Previous Sessions: Millennium Development Goals,” Human Rights Council, seventh session of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, January 14–18, 2008.
7. Kirk Spitzer, “Japan Looks for a Few Good Women to Revive Economy,” USA Today, January 15, 2014.
8. Thomas Friedman, “Not Just About Us,” The New York Times, January 7, 2014; Thomas Friedman, “1; 5,000; 500,000,” The New York Times, January 25, 2014; Megan Price, Anita Gohdes, and Patrick Ball, “Updated Statistical Analysis of Documentation of Killings in the Syrian Arab Republic,” Human Rights Data Analysis Group commissioned by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, August 2014.
9. Aryn Baker, “ISIS Claims Massacre of 1,700 Iraqi Soldiers,” Time Magazine, June 15, 2014; Sudarsan Raghavan, “Tens of Thousands of Muslims Flee Christian Militias in Central African Republic,” The Washington Post, February 7, 2014; Deborah Amos, “With Each New Upheaval in Iraq, More Minorities Flee,” NPR, December 27, 2014.
10. Council on Foreign Relations, Nigeria Security Tracker, accessed December 2015; James Verini, “The War for Nigeria,” National Geographic, November 2013.
11. Jonathan Lis, “Knesset Passes New Draft Law, Which Includes Haredi Conscription,” Haaretz, March 12, 2014; Yaniv Kubovich, Shirly Seidler, and Yair Ettinger,“Thousands of Ultra-Orthodox Jews Protest Cut in Yeshiva Funding for Draft-Dodgers,” Haaretz, February 6, 2014; Akiva Novick, “Haredim Threaten Huge Demonstration Against Legislation,” Yedioth Ahronoth, February 20, 2014.
12. Jonathan Lis, “Government Backs Bill Requiring Schools to Teach Israel Is the Jewish Nation-State,” Haaretz, February, 9, 2014.
13. See Gideon Rachman, “Obama Is a Lonely Western Liberal on Immigration,” The Financial Times, December 1, 2014; Pini Herman, “President Rivlin: In Israel, There Is a Word Which Has Long Since Turned into a Weapon: ‘Demography,’” Jewish Journal, June 11, 2015.
14. Catherine Boyle, “Why Crimea Matters,” CNBC, March 3, 2014.
15. The Scottish independence referendum results were 45 percent “yes” and 55 percent “no.” See “Scottish Referendum: Scotland Votes ‘No’ to Independence,” BBC, September 19, 2014.
16. Twenty-eight-nation survey of 27,829 adults from E.U. countries conducted by TNS opinion and social for the European Commission, November 2–17, 2013, cited in “Public Opinion in the European Union,” European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication, Standard Eurobarometer 80, Autumn 2013; national survey of 986 adults in Great Britain conducted by Ipsos MORI, January 31–February 10, 2014; 34 percent said race relations/immigration was the most important issue facing the country, second only to the economy, with 39 percent.
17. Dr. Cinzia Rienzo and Dr. Carlos Vargas-Silva, “Migrants in the UK: An Overview,” the Mi
gration Observatory at the University of Oxford, December 17, 2013; national survey of 1,005 adults conducted by ICM Research for The Guardian, January 10–12, 2014; 36 percent say that immigration from the E.U. is “good for Britain, because its immigrants claim fewer benefits and help the country pay its way”; Zack Beauchamp, “Map: What Countries Around the Globe See as ‘the Greatest Threat in the World,’” Vox, October 18, 2014.
18. Richard Ford, “Britain Leads Europe in Giving Out New Passports,” The Times, November 19, 2014.
19. David Cameron, “Speech on Radicalisation and Islamic Extremism,” The New Statesman, February 5, 2011; “David Cameron Urges EU Support for Migration Plans,” BBC News, November 28, 2014.
20. National survey of 1,005 French adults conducted by Ipsos/Steria for Le Monde, France Inter, and Cevipof, January 8–14, 2014; national survey of 1,021 French voters conducted by TNS-Sofres for Le Monde and Canal+, January 30–February 3, 2014.
21. “French Secularism on Trial,” The New York Times, December 2, 2013.
22. “Terror in Paris: A Blow Against Freedom,” The Economist, January 10, 2015; Elise Vincent, “France’s Political Elite Never Champions Virtues of a Multicultural Nation,” The Guardian, January 10, 2015.
23. James Fontanella-Khan and Hugh Carnegy, “Eurosceptics Storm Brussels,” The Financial Times, May 26, 2014; Cas Mudde, “The Far Right in the 2014 European Elections: Of Earthquakes, Cartels and Designer Fascists,” The Washington Post, May 30, 2014; “The Eurosceptics’ Victory,” The Economist, October 5, 2013; Kim Willsher, “Marine Le Pen’s Confidence Vindicated by Front National Election Triumph,” The Guardian, May 25, 2014.
24. Bethany Bell, “Austria’s Freedom Party Sees Vote Rise,” BBC News, May 25, 2014; Steven Erlanger, “Amid Debate on Migrants, Norway Party Comes to Fore,” The New York Times, January 23, 2014; the Editors, “Sweden’s Chill on Immigration,” Bloomberg View, September 15, 2014; Rachman, “Obama Is a Lonely Western Liberal on Immigration.”
25. Andrew Sparrow, “Nigel Farage: Parts of Britain Are ‘Like a Foreign Land,’” The Guardian, February 28, 2014; Robert Ford and Matthew Goodwin, Revolt on the Right: Explaining Support for the Radical Right in Britain (New York: Routledge, 2014); U.K. 2015 Election Results, UKIP received 12.6 percent of the national vote.
26. John Jay, “The Federalist No. 2: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence,” The Independent Journal, October 31, 1787; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1983), Kindle locations 1206–1209.
27. Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle locations 109, 1206–1209; Stanley Feldstein and Lawrence Costello, eds., The Ordeal of Assimilation: A Documentary History of the Working Class (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1974), pp. 1–3.
28. Ibid., Kindle locations 96, 158–159, 182–188, 252–283.
29. Ibid., Kindle locations 202–208; Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, The Second Machine Age: Work Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (New York: W. W. Norton, 2014), p. 6.
30. Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle locations 215, 257, 262.
31. Ibid., Kindle locations 259–265.
32. Ibid., Kindle locations 265–277.
33. Jacob A. Riis, How the Other Half Lives (New York: Hill & Wang, 1957), pp. 37, 76–78, 176–82.
34. Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle locations 286–294.
35. Ibid., Kindle locations 50–56.
36. Ibid., Kindle locations 65–85; Feldstein and Costello, The Ordeal of Assimilation, p. 153.
37. Feldstein and Costello, The Ordeal of Assimilation, p. 144; Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle location 89; Declaration of Principles of the Native American Convention Assembled at Philadelphia, July 4, 1845, pp. 4–7.
38. Feldstein and Costello, The Ordeal of Assimilation, pp. 164–68, 170–71.
39. Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle locations 989–1074.
40. Address of Senator John F. Kennedy to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association at the Rice Hotel in Houston, Texas, September 12, 1960.
41. Higham, Strangers in the Land, Kindle locations 311, 600, 1239–1245.
42. Ibid., Kindle locations 1375–1386, 1465–1470, 1607–1613.
43. Ibid., Kindle locations 885–892, 1257–1313, 1187–1201, 1264–1269.
44. Ibid., Kindle locations 1254–1321.
45. Ibid., Kindle locations 1325, 1540, 1583, 2361–2367.
46. Ibid., Kindle locations 2865–2921, 3856–3863.
47. Ibid., Kindle locations 3885, 4049–4054.
48. Stanley B. Greenberg, Politics and Poverty: Modernization and Response in Five Poor Neighborhoods (New York: John Wiley, 1974), pp. 15–16.
49. Ibid., p. 27.
50. Ibid., pp. 16–18; Ezra Klein, “Everything You Know About Immigration Is Wrong,” The Washington Post, August 10, 2013.
51. Greenberg, Politics and Poverty, pp. 17, 24–25; Klein, “Everything You Think You Know About Immigration Is Wrong.”
52. Klein, “Everything You Think You Know About Immigration Is Wrong”; Greenberg, Politics and Poverty, p. 18.
53. Greenberg, Politics and Poverty, p. 17.
54. Ibid., p. 16.
55. Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1963), p. 1; Herbert Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York: The Free Press, 1962), pp. 3–6, 241–75, 293.
56. Kent Germany, “Lyndon B. Johnson and Civil Rights: Introduction to the Digital Version,” Presidential Recordings at the University of Virginia.
57. “Three Decades of Mass Immigration: The Legacy of the 1965 Immigration Act,” Center for Immigration Studies, September 1995.
58. Ibid.
59. Remarks by President Lyndon B. Johnson at the Signing of the Immigration Bill, Liberty Island, New York, October 3, 1965.
60. Klein, “Everything You Think You Know About Immigration Is Wrong.”
61. Remarks by President Ronald Reagan at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, April 30, 1984.
62. “Three Decades of Mass Immigration”; Klein, “Everything You Think You Know About Immigration Is Wrong.”
63. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, last revised January 7, 2014; Thom File, “The Diversifying Electorate—Voting Rates by Race and Hispanic Origins in 2012 (and Other Recent Elections),” U.S. Census Bureau, Population Characteristics, Current Population Survey, May 2013.
64. Gebe Martinez, “Learning from Proposition 187,” Center for American Progress, May 5, 2010.
65. Ian Gordon and Tasneem Raja, “164 Anti-Immigration Laws Passed Since 2010? A MoJo Analysis,” Mother Jones, March/April 2012.
66. “Growth and Opportunity Project,” Republican National Committee, 2013, p. 8.
67. National survey of 1,010 registered voters conducted by ORC International for CNN, January 31–February 2, 2014.
68. Address by President Barack Obama to a joint session of Congress at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., January 28, 2014.
69. Ibid.; Max Ehrenfreund, “Your Complete Guide to Obama’s Immigration Executive Action,” The Washington Post, November 20, 2014.
70. Keynote address by candidate for the U.S. Senate Barack Obama at the Democratic National Convention in Boston, July 27, 2004.
71. National survey of 2,973 adults by Pew Research Center, June 28–July 9, 2012, cited in “‘Nones’ on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation,” Pew Research Center, October 9, 2012, pp. 13, 17, 22; Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell, American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012), Kindle locations 179–81.
72. Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle location 205.
73. Ibid., Kindle locations 200–206; survey of 14,760 adults in fourteen nations by Pew Research Center, August 27–Sept
ember 24, 2009, cited in “Two Decades After the Wall’s Fall,” Pew Research Center, November 2, 2009; Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle location 200.
74. Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle location 205; national survey of 1,015 Russian adults by International Social Survey Program, January 2–26, 2008, cited in “Russians Return to Religion, but Not to Church,” Pew Research Center, February 10, 2014, pp. 1–2; national Survey of 700 Japanese adults by Pew Research Center, 2012, cited in “Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths,” Pew Research Center, July 19, 2012.
75. National survey of 2,303 adults by Princeton Survey Research Associates International for Pew Research Center, November 23–December 21, 2010, cited by Jim Jansen in “The Civic and Community Engagement of Religiously Active Americans,” Pew Research Center, December 23, 2011, p. 5; Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle locations 520–539.
76. Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle locations 506–542.
77. Ibid., Kindle location 7893.
78. National survey of 1,504 adults by Pew Research Center, May 1–5, 2013, cited in “After Boston, Little Change in Views of Islam and Violence,” Pew Research Center, May 7, 2013, p. 2.
79. National survey of 4,006 adults by Pew Research Center, March 21–April 8, 2013, cited in “Living to 120 and Beyond,” Pew Research Center, August 6, 2013, p. 74. Seventy-seven percent of respondents reported believing in heaven “where people who have led good lives are eternally rewarded” and 62 percent reported believing in hell “where people who have bad lives and die without being sorry are eternally punished”; Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle locations 8136–8157.
80. Putnam and Campbell, American Grace, Kindle locations 191, 7733–7743.
81. Ibid., Kindle location 8807.
82. Ibid., Kindle locations 333, 4215–4263.
83. Ibid., Kindle locations 4279–4354.
84. Ibid., Kindle locations 4363–4621.
85. Ibid., Kindle location 108.
86. Ibid., Kindle locations 331, 1945.
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