Newman, Francis William 135–7
Nicholas V, Pope 107
Nietzsche, Friedrich 168–71
Nostoi (The Returns) 75–6
Odyssey:
Arabic fragments 84
authorship 1–2, 155, 183–92
editions 107, 109
in film 205
and geography 35
and Hell 96
influence 87
Latin versions 48, 94, 111
origins 2
recital at Panathenaea 33–4
and secondary literature 76
summary 16–23
translations 130–1, 153
and Ulysses 193–6
Ogilby, John 130
Outram, Richard 130
Panathenaea, recital of Iliad and Odyssey 33–4
papyrus scrolls 27, 70, 71
parchment 70
Paris 9, 10–11, 207, 223
Parry, Milman 33, 34, 144–5
Parthenius of Nicaea 51
Pascal, Blaise 117–18, 120
Patroclus:
and Achilles 6, 10, 12–15, 44, 133, 174, 208, 236
and Achilles’ armour 12–14, 57, 146
and Hector 13–14, 57
Paul II, Pope 108
Paul III, Pope 108
Penelope 16, 21–2, 47, 164, 185, 198, 236
and killing of the suitors 22–3, 188–90
Pérez, Gonzalo 111
Perizonius, Jacob 77
Perrault, Charles 115–16, 123
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) 90, 92, 94, 107
philosophy, in Arab world 83–4; see also Aristotle; Plato
Piccolomini, Aeneas Silvius (Pope Pius II) 108, 114–15
Pilato, Leonzio 94
Pindar 97
Pinter, Harold 207–8
Pisistratus (son of Nestor) 17, 124
Pisistratus (tyrant) 34, 43
Plato:
in Arab world 80, 84
and Homer 38–42, 91, 150–1
Pliny the Younger 48
Plutarch 91, 127
Poe, Edgar Allan 164
poetry 126–37
Apollonian 169–70
in Byzantine empire 71
Epic Cycle 75–6
and history 181
Homer as symbol 1–2, 34, 126–37
and imagination 150–1, 158
and Nature 160–1
and Plato 38–42, 84
and Pope 129–35, 141
Romantic 138–49
sung 31–3
written 26
Pope, Alexander 4, 55, 122, 129–35, 139, 141, 228, 233
Poseidon:
and Aeneas 14
and Greeks 9, 13
and Ulysses 16, 17–19, 121, 203
Pound, Ezra 208, 214, 216
Priam:
and Achilles 6–7, 15, 174, 226, 236
and Hector 15, 223
and Hecuba 9, 207
Proclus 75
Psellus, Michel Constantine 71–2
Queneau, Raymond 1
Quevedo, Francisco de 111–12
Quietism 123
Quincey, Thomas de 34
Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus) 49
Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 76
Racine, Jean 116–22 Andromache 118–20
rape, as weapon of war 190, 223
Raphael (Rafaelo Sanzio) 106–7
Raqa’iq al-hilal fi Daqaiq al-hiyal (‘Cloaks of Fine Fabric in Subtle Ruses’) 84–6
rationality, and imagination 150–1, 154
Read, Herbert 222
Reformation 109–10
Rembrandt van Rijn, ‘Aristotle contemplating a bust of Homer’ 126–8
Renaissance, and Homer 90, 106–7
Reyes, Alfonso 19
Richardson, Samuel, Clarissa 140
Ritchie, Anne Isabella, Lady Ritchie 190–1
Roman Academy 108
Rome:
defeat by Goths 73–4
and Greece 51–4
and Homer 44, 48–50, 72, 74, 198
Quirinal College 108–9
Rowse, W. H. D. 56
Ruffo, Antonio 126–7
Rufinus 63
Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin 116
Sanderson, John 179
Al-Saraksi, Ahman ibn al-Tayyib 84
Schade, Peter 109
Schama, Simon 127–8
schedograph 69–70
Schiller, Friedrich von 160–1, 169
Schlegel, Friedrich 157
Schliemann, Heinrich 177–82
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 91–2, 122
Shakespeare, William 3
Troilus and Cressida 79, 159, 179
Shaw, George Bernard 60
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 103–4, 142
Sherman, Nancy 58
Sidney, Philip 128
simile, epic 146–8
Smyrna, as birthplace of Homer 27, 29–30
Spain, and Homer 110–12
Staël, Madame de 148–9
Steiner, George 4, 94, 135
Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle) 58
Stephen, Leslie 131–2
Stesichorus of Sicily 243 n.19
Stevens, Wallace 227
Stoics 35, 58
Strabo 35
Sue, Eugène 203
Swift, Jonathan 150
symbols:
in Freud 173–4
in Homer 140
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius 73
Telegony 76
Telemachus 20, 124, 211, 221
and Athena 17, 22, 121, 124
and suitors 16, 17, 21–2
ten-year periods 25
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord 199–200
Theagenes of Rhegium 43
theatre, and Homeric themes 205–7
Themisto, as mother of Homer 29
Thesiger, Ernest 96
Thetis (mother of Achilles) 9, 10, 14
Tickell, Thomas 55
Tiresias 19, 97, 198–9, 211
translations ix–x, 55–7, 87–8
Arabic 80–7
English 4–5, 55, 122, 129–35, 138–9, 141
German 153
Italian 107
Latin 48, 94, 111, 130, 159
Spanish 110–11
theories of 135–7
Troilus and Cressida story 78–9
Trojan War:
in secondary literature 75–6
and war 214, 218–27
see also Iliad
Troy 213
and Schliemann 177–82
truth:
and myth 35–6, 208
and beauty 67
Ulysses:
and Achilles 14, 57–8, 171
and Athena 16, 17, 20, 22, 23
and Calypso 16, 17, 20, 124, 194, 198
character 55
and Circe 19, 96–8, 198, 205
and Cyclops 18–19, 87, 119, 198, 205
in Dante 198–200
as everyman 2, 228–37
in Giraudoux 207
and Hell 19, 57–8, 96–8, 211, 226–7
and Joyce 4, 193–6, 202–4
in Kazantzakis 200–1
and Penelope 16, 47, 164, 185, 188, 198, 236
as Phoenician 202–3
and Poseidon 16, 17–19, 121, 203
and suitors 21–3, 188–9, 221
in Tennyson 199–200
as traveller 49, 90, 193–204
and Trojan War 10, 12
and Wandering Jew 202–3
Unamuno, Miguel de 111
unconscious, and Freud 172–4
Underworld see Hell
Urban VIII, Pope 117
Valera y Acalá Galiano, Juan 57, 111
Vargas Llosa, Mario 200
Varro, Marcus Terentius 49
Verlaine, Paul 102–3
Veyne, Paul 35
Vico, Giambattista 150–2, 154, 168, 233
Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro):
Aeneid 49, 51–4,
58–9, 93–4, 108
and Augustine 65
and Dante 90, 93–5, 101–2, 104, 106
Eclogues 51
Georgics 51
and Hell 97–8, 100–1, 104, 106
and Homer 46, 49, 50, 53–9, 108, 110, 112–13, 114
and Ulysses 198
Voss, Johann Heinrich 56, 132, 153
vulgarity, and poetry 115–16, 131
Walcott, Derek, Omeros 208–10
Wandering Jew, and Ulysses 202–3
war:
Iliad as monument to 3, 154, 218–20, 223
and justice 220–1, 222, 227
and Trojan War 214, 218–27, 236
Weil, Simone 221–2
Wells, H. G. 228
Whateley, Richard 4
Wieland, Christoph Martin 157
Wilde, Oscar 3, 24
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 153
wisdom, poetic 150–2
Wolf, Friedrich August 152–3, 155–7, 170, 184
women, in Homer 163–7, 219–20
Wood, Robert 179–80
Woolf, Virginia 5, 183
Wordsworth, William 134, 144
writing, impact on literature 26–7
Xenophanes 36
Yeats, William Butler 194
Yourcenar, Marguerite 208
Yusuf ibn Ibrahim 81–2
Zenodotus of Ephesus 46–7
Zeus:
and Trojans 9–10, 12–14, 36
and Ulysses 16, 20
Zola, Emile 223
INDEX OF CITATIONS
Iliad
I: 232 249 n.4
II: 189–90 262 n.8
II: 573–82 260 n.4
II: 931–2 243 n.10
II: 935–6 229, 233, 270 n.2b
III: 187–90 7, 262 n.10
III: 191 262 n.14
III: 200 262 n.16
III: 219 7, 262 n.9
III: 265–8 266 n.14
VI: 64–70 270 n.14
VI: 76–7 270 n.15
VI: 171–5 251 n.11
VI: 198–9 239 n.6
VI: 277 267 n.23
VI: 424–6 262 n.11
VI: 530–33 270 n.3
VI: 580–84 254 n.10
VI: 591–2 270 n.10b
VI: 612 270 n.9
VIII: 523 270 n.11a
IX: 385–8 270 n.4
XI: 656 254 n.3
XI: 747–53 242 n.11
XV: 557 269 n.8
XVI: 407–13 259 n.25
XVI: 415–19 259 n.26
XVI: 703–7 259 n.25
XVIII: 126–7 270 n.6
XVIII: 558–709 270 n.13
XX: 210–11 243 n.18
XXI: 123–6 263 n.10
XXII: 183–8 270 n.16
XXIV: 594–9 239 n.9a
XXIV: 613–20 239 n.10a
XXIV: 695–9 264 n.19
XXIV: 740–44 270 n.11b
Odyssey
I: 2 267 n.29
I: 178 240 n.21
II: 1 259 n.22
III: 263–4 270 n.5
IV: 605 259 n.21
V: 436–8 255 n.18
V: 476–7 255 n.19
V: 490–97 255 n.20
VI: 70–73 254 n.4
VIII: 51–99 240 n.18
VIII: 87 240 n.22
VIII: 302–410 240 n.19
VIII: 552–84 240 n.20
IX: 23–9 265 n.5
IX: 346 270 n.7
X: 539–41 250 n.1
X: 550–52 250 n.1
X: 553–95 250 n.2
XI 250 n.3
XI: 1 208, 268 n.10
XI: 43–6 251 n.7
XI: 79–85 270 n.17
XI: 138–43 247 n.9
XI: 138 266 n.18
XI: 550–52 263 n.9
XI: 555–8 245 n.37, 251 n.6
XI: 723–6 251 n.8
XII: 95 248 n.4
XII: 278 255 n.14
XII: 336 255 n.15
XVII: 359–60 270 n.8
XXII: 319–20 221, 269 n.5
XXII: 494–5 265
XXIII: 343–53 270 n.9b
XXIV: 13–14 97, 251 n.4
Homer's The Iliad and The Odyssey Page 23