Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State
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Potemkin (warship), 175
Potemkin village, 173
Poti, 314
poverty, 13, 16, 27, 128–133, 136–138, 141, 176–177, 207, 218, 223, 295, 308–309, 314, 321–322, 331, 351
Prague Spring, 257
Pravda, 66, 146, 210, 212, 216–217, 223, 263, 269, 376
Preobrazhensky regiment, 39–42, 54–56, 204
Pressburg, 42, 151
price liberalization, 308, 312
Primakov, Evgeny, 349, 387
Primary Chronicle, 77
Princip, Gavrilo, 178
Printz, M., 46
privatization, 306, 309, 312, 338–339
prohibition, 16–18, 140, 170, 177–197, 204–214, 232, 271, 279, 313, 316, 338, 386
and discontent, 189–190, 214, 279, 283–284, 368–369
proletariat, 10, 17, 127, 138, 140, 147, 208
prostitution, 136, 157, 182
Protasyev, 89
Provincial Sketches, 95, 105
Provisional Government, 189, 193, 199–201
Prussia, 46, 50, 53, 55–56, 76, 150
Pryzhov, Ivan, xiv, 119
Pskov, 73, 317–318, 345, 357
Pskovalko, 317
Puck (magazine), 165
Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 20
Pugo, Boris, 289, 291
Pulitzer Prize, 249, 274, 333
Putin. Corruption, 372
Putin, Spiridon, 343–344
Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich, 344
Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, xii, 18, 63, 92, 306, 336, 339, 352, 356, 465n4
and alcohol-control, 353–356, 366, 372, 376, 382–383, 390
and corruption, 92–93, 110, 345, 354, 356, 372
first presidential term, xii, 339, 344–345, 348–350, 355, 387
interest in judo, 344, 354–355, 358, 372–373, 378–379
as prime minister in Medvedev government, 361–362, 372, 376–379
reforms of, 339–352, 371, 389
second presidential term, xii, 343, 350–352, 355, 361–362
shashlik agreement of, 342–343
and stability, 345–347, 350–351, 360, 363, 371, 389
third presidential term, 92, 369, 376–377, 379–380, 383, 387, 390
upbringing of, 343–344, 361, 378
Putina, Lyudmila, 344
Putina, Maria, 344
Putinka, 356–357
Rakhmetov, 131, 145
Raleigh, Donald J. 290–291
rape, 7, 24, 33, 137, 153, 234, 276, 332
raskolniki, 106
Raskolnikov, 136–137
Rasputin, Grigory, 178
Razumikhin, 136
Razumovsky, Kirill, 55–56
Reagan, Ronald, 259, 274–275, 285–286, 333
“Reaganology,” 274–275, 285
Rechabites. See Independent Order of Rechabites
Red Cross, International Committee of the, 162, 208, 309
redemption tax, 123
Red Guard, 198, 203–204
Red Square, 80, 215, 219, 249, 258
red terror, 205
Reed, John, 203
refugees, 205
Renaissance Capital, 372
Remnick, David, 242, 295, 378
Repin, Ilya, 33
Repnin, Mikhaylo, Prince, 31
requisitioning, 104, 111, 205–210, 228, 269
respiratory disease, 258–259, 275, 352
restaurants, 157, 175, 180–181, 190, 200, 210, 257, 281–282, 391, 430n39
revenue extraction, xiii, 17, 79–81, 85, 89–126, 145–146, 149, 176–180, 186, 192–196, 210–214, 226, 240–247, 266–267, 283, 312, 316–318, 347, 369, 371, 375, 384
revenue trap, 318, 347
revolution, 16–18, 37, 49, 54–59, 117–121, 129–130, 143–148, 221, 288–290
Revolution of 1905, 147, 168–169, 174–178, 189, 204
Reynolds, Albert, 301–302
Rhodes Scholarship, 211
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 3–5, 28, 300
Richard the Lionheart, 78
Rich, Marc, 358
Riga, 118, 195
Roaring Twenties (film), 212
Rodionov, Boris, 66, 79
Rogers, Will, 216, 226–227, 391–392
Roki Tunnel, 314
Romania, 155
Romanov, Aleksandr, 341
Romanov dynasty, 36, 48, 170–176, 179, 182–184, 189, 199, 279
Romanov, Grigory, 259–264, 269, 272, 273, 447n62
Rome, 27, 70, 77, 78, 94, 327
Romm, Mikhail, 21, 23
Romodanovsky, Fyodor, 42–43, 45–46
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 233, 395n16
Roosevelt, Teddy, 167
Ropsha, 57
Rosalkogolregulirovanie (RAR), 373, 375
Rosenbusch, Butenant von, 37–38
Rosling, Hans, 310, 322, 324
Rosneft, 340
RosPil.info, 365
Rossiisky Kredit Bank, 358
Rosspirtprom, 340–341, 346, 354–358, 366, 372–376, 387
Rostopchin, Fyodor, 152
Rostov-on-Don, 211
Rostovtsev, Yakov, 122
Rotenberg, Arkady, 354–358, 372–373
Rotenberg, Boris, 355
Roxburgh, Angus, 266, 271
Rozhestvensky, Zinovy, 163–164, 167–168
rubbing alcohol, 19
rubella, 329
rule of law, 109, 363–364, 386
rum, 70, 116, 166, 191
rural–urban trade, 195–196, 205, 223, 225
Rurik dynasty, 34, 36
Russia, 3, 15, 19, 43, 68, 131, 212, 292, 321, 323–325, 340, 344
baptism of. See Russian Orthodox church, conversion of Slavs to
literature in, 18, 129–133, 139–140, 237–248
opinion polls in, xi–xii, 3, 91, 190, 362, 368, 389
as viewed by foreigners, xi, 28, 113–115, 120, 159, 161–162, 167–168, 180, 195, 208–209, 249–253, 300, 401n7
Russia, Forward! 360, 372
Russian Christian Labor Temperance Organization. See All-Russian Labor Union of Christian Teetotalers
Russian Civil War (1917–1922), 15, 201, 205–206, 210, 232
“Russian cross,” 326–333
See also Demographics, post-Soviet crisis
Russian empire. See imperial Russia
Russian Federation, 25, 113, 283, 287, 291, 303, 321
Academy of Sciences of, 364
Accounts Chamber of, 355, 357–358
Anti-Monopoly Agency of, 365
Border Service of, 314–315
control of alcohol in, 312–319, 346, 353–356, 366–375
corruption in, 92–93, 110, 312–316, 319–320, 345–346, 351, 356, 360, 364–365, 379–380, 383
debt default of (1998), 306, 318, 320, 344–345
economic collapse of (1990s), 292–297, 304, 307
and economic recovery, 345–346, 351–352, 364
election protests in, xii, 92, 379–380
Federal Security Service (FSB) of, 344, 462n28
financial reliance on petrochemicals, 320, 340–341, 345, 352–354, 360–364, 371, 374–376, 383–384, 389
financial reliance on vodka, 312, 318–320, 340–341, 356, 372, 374, 384, 389
Interior Ministry of, 303, 343, 366
media freedom in, 306–307, 320, 342, 349–350, 379
migration in, 380–381, 383
military in, 151, 296–297, 303–304, 336, 348, 363–364
Ministry of Agriculture of, 314, 319
Ministry of Defense of, 296–297, 303, 352–353
Ministry of Finance of, 354, 357, 364, 373–377, 382, 387–388
Ministry of Health and Social Development of, 365, 368, 370, 373, 375
Ministry of Trade of, 316, 355
National Sports Foundation of, 315
Presidential Administration of, 351, 361, 367
Public Chamber of, 367
regionalism in, 133, 283, 300–304, 306, 317–320
Security Council of, 351
State Council of, 351, 354, 367
Tax Police Service of, 316, 339, 341, 345, 357
“virtual economy” of, 319–323
1995–6 elections in, 299, 304–306, 312, 348
1999–2000 elections in, xii, 63, 306, 339–340, 349
2007–8 elections in, 349–350, 362–364, 375
2011–2012 elections in, xii, 92, 364, 376, 379, 387
Russian Judo Federation, 358
Russian Orphan Opportunity Fund (ROOF), xvi
Russian Orthodox church, 17, 27–29, 38, 42, 50, 77–78, 82, 85, 108, 118–119, 139, 177, 193, 315, 327
conversion of Slavs to, 77–78, 134, 255, 290, 384
corruption and, 104–108, 315
drinking and, 85–89, 104–108, 118–119, 139–140, 213
Russian Revolution. See Bolshevik Revolution
Russians of To-Day, 125
Russkaya mysl (magazine), 250
Russo-Japanese War, 160–168, 174, 179, 186–187
Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 295–297, 302
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 267, 271, 280–281, 294
Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 372
SABMIller, 374
Sakhalin Island, 167
Sakharov, Andrei, 241–242, 245, 257, 264–268, 296
Sakharov, Dmitry, 291
Salerno, 71
salt, 27, 403n40
salt tax, 54, 95, 109, 112–113
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, 95, 105
Samara, 177, 206, 211
sambo, 378
samizdat, 241–244
Samson-Himmelstjerna, Hermann von, 108–109
samogon. See vodka, home-brewed (samogon)
San Francisco Bulletin, 200
Sarajevo, 178
Saratov, 135, 204
Sardinia, 121, 155
Saversky, Aleksandr, 365–366
Save the Children Fund, 208
Scandinavia, 27, 68, 75–76, 386
Schaeken, Jos, xvi, 70
Scherbov, Sergei, 381–382
Schlüsselberg, 144
“scissors crisis,” 225–227
Sclavonians, 28
Scotland, 62, 78
Scottish Exchequer Roll, 62
Scott, James C., 16–17
scurvy, 109
“Secret Speech.” See Khrushchev, Nikita, and de-Stalinization
Segal, Boris, 85, 232
Seglin, Boris, 66
Semashko, Nikolai, 217–218
Semenovsky regiment, 39–40, 204
Sen, Amartya, 207
Senegal, 92
Serbia, 178
serfdom. See imperial Russia, serfdom in
Sergei Aleksandrovich, Grand Duke, 171–177
Sergeyev Posad, 38, 319
Sevastopol, 155–159, 162, 175
Sevastopol Sketches, 157–158
Seven Years’ War, 53
Shannon, 301–302
Shcherbakov, Aleksandr, 7
Sheridan, Philip, 173
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 173
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 260, 272, 314
Shevtsova, Lilia, 354, 390
Shingarev, Andrei, 192–193
Shinkevich, 220
Shlapentokh, Dmitry, 191
Shmelev, Nikolai, 283
“shock therapy,” 295, 308, 321
shoe polish, 190, 211, 282
Shrovetide, 43–44
Shushkevich, Stanislau, 292
Siam, 163
Siberia, 120, 135, 140, 143–145, 204, 228, 237, 258, 293
Sierra Leone, 92
Simpson, J. Y., 124
Sioux tribe, 173
sistema, 93, 99, 107–108, 343, 356, 373, 375
Skuratov, Malyuta, 21, 32–33, 46
Slavic Review, 64
Slavkov u Brna, 151
Slavs, 27, 68, 72, 77, 322–323, 382
Smirnoff vodka, 66
Smirnov, A. P., 68–70
Smith, Hedrick, 249
Smith, Michael David, 379
smoking. See tobacco
Smolensk, 103, 149, 154, 210
Sobchak, Anatoly, 290, 344, 361
Sobornoye Ulozhenie, 79, 113
Sochi, 92, 299, 367–368, 378
socialism, 10, 62, 117, 127–129, 135, 140–141, 175, 199–202, 236, 240, 260, 283, 308
revolution in, 128–129, 135, 140, 143–148, 199–202, 221
See also Marxism
Socialist Revolutionary Party, 174
social revolution, 129, 189, 221
Society for the Struggle against Alcoholism (OBSA), 223–225, 263, 438n28
Solidarity movement, 61, 66
Solomentsev, Mikhail, 268–272, 279
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 237–242, 245, 257, 268
Somalia, xii
Sophia Alekseyevna, Regent, 38–39, 44, 54, 58
Sophia Augusta Frederica. See Catherine II (the Great), Tsarina
Soskovets, Oleg, 301
soul tax. See poll tax
South Ossetia, 363
Sovetsky ekran (magazine), 228
Soviet-Polish “vodka war,” 61–62, 65–67, 74, 408n27
Soviet Union, 15–16, 62, 65, 113, 213–215, 236, 241, 249, 252–253, 262, 286, 29–294, 309, 323, 326, 351, 382, 391
Academy of Sciences of, 61, 250–251, 276, 284
administrative command economy, 15, 93, 222–230, 236, 254–256, 260–262, 265–266, 275–276, 284–285, 292, 295, 306, 313
anti-alcohol campaign in, 262–285, 312–313, 333, 354, 367–372, 376
armed forces of, 59, 61, 150, 230–236, 252, 260, 289, 302–303
censorship in, 20, 61, 202, 237, 240, 248, 262, 265, 275, 288
dissidents in, 61, 236–249, 253, 257, 264–265, 268, 360
financial reliance on petrochemicals, 280–281
financial reliance on vodka, 11–16, 66, 213, 219–223, 242, 252–254, 265–266, 270–273, 280–285, 312, 371–372
gigantism in, 16, 227
Gosplan of, 222–223, 247, 251, 271–272
Higher Scientific Research Institute of the Fermentation Products Division of the Central Department of Distilling of the Ministry of the Food Industry of, 62
Ministry of Finance, 247, 272, 280–281
Ministry of Health, 251
Ministry of Trade, 247, 313
nationalist tensions in, 275, 283–285, 287
and Red Army, 16, 61, 198, 203–205, 217, 228, 232–234, 237, 240, 298
secret police in, 2, 4, 7, 21, 202, 205, 228–230
stagnation in, 239–243, 254–256, 259–262, 265–266, 275–276, 291, 300, 306–307, 312
temperance in, 211–212, 242, 263–273
Union of Writers in, 240
vodka monopoly in, 16, 32, 212, 216–223, 245, 252–254, 265–266, 312, 387–389
worker discipline in, 201, 222–224, 230–234, 254, 257–260, 263, 267, 271, 276, 280
wet/dry leadership divisions, 25, 242, 256–262, 266–273
Sovnarkom. See Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom)
Sovremennik (magazine), 130–133, 136
Soyuzplodoimport, 62, 66, 342
Spain, 71, 165, 331
Spanish flu, 206, 310, 328
Specter, Michael, 352
spetskhran, 253
Spirit of Laws, 75
spirits. See distilled spirits
sport, 171, 212, 254, 263–264, 268, 315, 344, 355
Spotted Tail, 173
squirrel, 369
St. Basil’s Cathedral, 80, 295
St. Nicholas Day, 85
St. Paul, 131
St. Petersburg, 11, 41–45, 49, 53–56, 59–60, 99, 130–131, 135–136, 143–147, 156, 160, 164, 167–169, 175, 177, 290, 344, 354, 375
See also Leningrad, Petrograd
St. Petersburg, University of, 144
stabilnost. See Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, and stability
Stalingrad, 231, 233, 234
Stalin, Joseph, 1–11,
15–19, 22–24, 41, 46, 73, 109, 215–237, 240, 262, 309, 338, 408n26
cult of personality, 23–24, 221, 237
and “dizzy with success,” 229–230, 278
drinking habits of, 2, 5–7, 230–233, 235, 307, 343, 394n3, 395n23
forcing colleagues to drink, 2–9, 19, 231–233, 293
and Ivan the Terrible (film), 20–24, 32
love of movies, 20, 23
parallels with Ivan the Terrible, 21–23, 30–32, 46
reinstatement of vodka monopoly, 16, 32, 217–223, 227, 235, 267, 338, 387
rise to power of, 217–220
totalitarian reign of, 2–9, 15–16, 19, 20–24, 32, 202, 230, 235–236, 268
Stalin Prize, 20, 30
Stanford University, 130, 229
Staraya Square, 351
Staritsky, Vladimir, 21
State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF), 183, 225
State Automobile Inspectorate, 97
State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP), 59, 288–291, 296
statecraft, 10–18, 25–26, 81–83, 90–91, 94, 109, 123, 127, 170, 189, 210–211, 241, 246–247, 262, 267, 312, 317–318, 323, 340, 384, 420n10
Stavropol, 259–260
Stepanakert, 284
Stephanopolous, George, 300
Stepniak, Sergei, 103
stereotypes, xi, xiii, 75, 83
Sterlitamak, 187, 208
Stettin, 50
Stoglav. See Hundred Chapters
Stolichnaya, 62, 66, 313, 338, 408n26
Stolypin, Pyotr, 177
Strahlenberg, John von, 44
strappado, 81
Strekalov, General-Lieutenant, 99
streltsy, 37–38, 46, 54
stroke, 15, 58, 215–216, 331
Strong, Anna Louise, 203, 217
sugar, 70, 252, 271, 281
suicide, 160–161, 229, 245, 265, 275, 282, 295, 352
vodka and, 12, 131, 275, 309, 331–332, 367, 369
Sukhomlinov, Vladimir, 186, 188, 429n35
Supreme Privy Council, 54
Suzdal, 77
Sverdlov, Fyodor, 232
Sverdlov, Yakov, 227
Sverdlovsk. See Ekaterinburg
Svirsky, Vladimir, 341–342
Sweden, 44, 46, 53, 111, 164, 263, 310, 321, 384–385, 388
Swedish Temperance Society, 385
Switzerland, 320, 333
syphilis, 276, 333
Tafur, Pero, 72
Talbott, Strobe, 300
Talgar Gorge, 289
Tallinn, 76
Tambov, 120
Tamerlane, 73
tamizdat, 240
tavern, xv, 9–10, 17, 32, 60, 72, 79–82, 87–91, 94, 99–105, 113, 115, 118–119, 123, 136, 140–142, 154, 157, 161, 164, 175, 178, 207, 385, 387
tavern-keepers, 17, 82, 90, 94, 99–102, 108, 115, 123, 132–133, 385
tavern revolts, 36, 120–121
See also Liquor Tax Rebellion
taxation, 16, 83, 84, 90–91, 99, 108, 112, 138, 142, 146, 185, 192, 312, 315–318, 341, 375–376