Embattled Rebel: Jefferson Davis as Commander in Chief
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Early, Jubal, 221, 249
Emancipation Proclamation (Lincon’s), Davis denounces, 121, 136
Fabius, Quintus, 249
Farragut, David G., 205
Floyd, John B., 61, 62
Foote, Andrew Hull, 61
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 178,
raids Union supply lines, 101, 211
proposal for 1864 raid, 194
Forsyth, John, 95
Fort Donelson, Union capture of, 58, 60–61, 107
Fort Fisher, fall of, 219, 236
Fort Henry, fall of, 58, 107
Fort Monroe, attacts escaped slaves, 31
Fort Pickens, 22, 24, 30
Fort Sumter, Confederate decision to attack, 22–25
Franklin, Battle of, 216
Frederick the Great, 239
Fredericksburg, Battle of, 122
Gaines’ Mill, Battle of, 92–93
Gallagher, Gary, 10
Gettysburg campaign: Lee proposes to invade Pennsylvania, 130–31
Gettysburg, Battle of, 139–43, 149, 172, 248
Gilmore, James R., 203
Glendale, Battle of, 94
Gorgas, Josiah, 131, 134
achievements as ordnance chief, 163–65
on Davis, 189, 191–92, 218, 247
on revival of war spirit, 226
Gracie, Archibald, 188
Grant, Ulysses S., 207, 252
on Davis’s military acumen, 3
sends troops into Kentucky, 54, 56
capture of Fort Henry, 58
capture of Fort Donelson, 60–61
battle of Shiloh, 67–68
and Corinth campaign, 69
commander in Mississippi, 101, 102
1862 Vicksburg campaign of, 106, 109, 113
1863 Vicksburg campaign of, 129–33, 143, 178
goes to Chattanooga, 153, 158
overland campaign of, 188, 191, 201, 226
and Sherman’s march, 211
and peace moves in 1865, 222, 224
Greeley, Horace, 202
guerrilla war, Confederacy’s mixed efforts at, 250
habeas corpus, writ of, Davis suspends, 73–74, 119, 174–75
Halleck, Henry W., 69, 101
Hardee, William:
criticizes Bragg, 115, 149
named temporary successor to Bragg, 159, 160, 177
and Sherman’s Meridian campaign, 179
possible replacement for Johnston, 198–99
Harpers Ferry, capture of, 100
Harrison, Burton, 191
Hill, A. P., 91–92, 94
Hill, Benjamin H., 197
Hill, D. H.:
and Battle of Chickamauga, 152
part of anti-Bragg cabal, 153–54
relieved of corps command, 156
Hindman, Thomas, 108
Hoke, Robert, 187
Holden, William W., 172–73, 175
Holmes, Theophilus:
and First Manassas, 40
named commander of Trans-Mississippi Department, 108
resists orders to reinforce Vicksburg, 109–10, 113, 117–18
attacks Helena, 145
relieved of command, 146
Davis’s favoritism toward, 250–51
Hood, John Bell:
named corps commander in Army of Tennessee, 180
wants to take offensive, 182–83
in Georgia campaign, 192–93
replaces Johnston, 197–99, 201
attacks Sherman, 200
and fall of Atlanta, 205
post-Atlanta strategy of, 206, 208, 210–11
invasion of Tennessee, 215–16, 218, 249
Davis’s high regard for, 251
Hooker, Joseph, 130
and Battle of Chancellorsville, 127, 129
and Battle of Lookout Mountain, 158
Hunter, Robert M. T., 222, 224
Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall”:
operations in Shenandoah Velley, 77–78, 90
in Seven Days’ Battles, 92
and Battle of Cedar Mountain, 95, 97
and Battle of Chancellorsville, 129
Johnson, Hershel, 201
Johnston, Albert Sidney, 69, 102
named second-ranking general, 46–47
takes command in Kentucky, 56–57
and loss of Fort Henry, 58
loss of Fort Donelson, 60–62
killed at Shiloh, 67–68
Davis’s high regard for, 250–51
Johnston, Joseph E., 58, 120, 156
defense of western Virginia, 34–35, 37–38
and First Manassas, 40–44
quarrel with Davis over rank, 46–48
proposed offensive in fall 1861, 49–50
retreat from Centreville, 74–75
and defense of Richmond, 78–85
wounded at Seven Pines, 86
recovered from wounds, 115
named to command Department of the West, 117–18, 210
and command problems in Army of Tennessee, 126–27
and 1863 Vicksburg campaign, 131–35, 143
dispute with Davis over loss of Vicksburg, 136, 138–39
named to command Army of Tennessee, 159–60
resists pressure for offensive, 177–78, 182–83
and Sherman’s Meridian campaign, 179
in Georgia campaign of 1864, 192–97
replaced by Hood, 198–99, 201, 202, 205, 218, 252
restored to command, 218–19, 226–27
and issue of slave soldiers, 230
surrender to Sherman, 241
Fabian strategy of, 249
issue of Davis’s attitude toward, 251–52
Johnston, William Preston, 102, 116
Jones, John B.:
on defense of Richmond, 84
on Randolph’s resignation, 113
on Battle of Chickamauga, 152
on retention of Bragg in command, 157
on Davis’s workaholic habits, 191
on revival of war spirit, 226
on pressure to reinstate
Johnston, 227
Kenner, Duncan, 235–36
Kentucky:
Confederate occupation of, in 1861, 53–57
loss of, 62
invasion of in 1862, 101–4
Kutuzov, Mikhail, 249
Lawton, Alexander R., 170
Lee, Robert E., 47, 115, 118, 182
military adviser to Davis, 38, 46
supports conscription, 71
recalled from South Carolina, 75
directs operations in Virginia, 77–79, 82
determination that Richmond must be defended, 83–84
named commander of Army of Northern Virginia, 86
plans counteroffensive, 90
Seven Days’ Battles, 91–94
Second Manassas campaign, 95–97
invasion of Maryland, 97–100, 103
Battle of Antietam, 100–101
Battle of Chancellorsville, 127, 129
proposes to invade Pennsylvania, 130–31
Gettysburg campaign of, 139–43
offers resignation, 145
resists pressure to command Army of Tennessee, 149, 159, 251
acquiesces in Longstreet’s detachment, 150
in 1864 Virginia campaign, 187, 188–89
on Hood, 197–98
named general-in-chief, 218–20, 226
and Johnston’s restoration to command, 227
wants execution of deserters, 228
favors enlistment of slaves, 234–35
determined to fight on, 238
and fall of Richmond, 239
surrender at Appomattox, 241
offensive-defensive strategy of, 248, 250
relations with Davis, 252
Lexington (Missouri), Battle of, 56
Lincoln, Abraham, 28, 29, 173, 252
comparisons with Davis, 4–5
and Fort Sumter, 22, 24
calls for troops, 25
and importance of Kentucky, 53
and political generals, 61
suspends writ of habeas corpus, 74
names Halleck general-in-chief, 101
Emancipation Proclamation of, 121, 236
on Vicksburg, 135
and Stephens’s 1863 peace mission, 142, 143
on retaliation for murder of black soldiers, 172
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 174
reelection of, 176–77, 205, 211, 220
and peace moves in 1864, 201–3
and peace moves in 1865, 221–22
and Hampton Roads conference, 224–25
pardons deserters, 228
Longstreet, James, 97, 127
proposes to reinforce Bragg, 130
or to reinforce Vicksburg, 131
reinforces Bragg in Georgia, 150
and Battle of Chickamauga, 152
part of anti-Bragg cabal, 153–56
plans for offensive in East Tennessee, 182
Lovell, Mansfield, 60
McClellan, George B., 49, 50, 75, 97, 200
Peninsula campaign of, 78–79, 82, 84, 85, 90, 91, 187
Seven Days’ Battles, 92–94
Battle of Antietam, 100
replaced by Burnside, 106
presidential candidate, 204
McDowell, Irvin, 40
McMurry, Richard, 252
Magruder, John B., 78
Mallory, Stephen R.:
on Davis’s personality, 6
secretary of the navy, 19–20
on Davis’s micromanagement, 111
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 94
Manassas (Bull Run):
First Battle of, 31, 37–43
Second Battle of, 97
Maryland, Confederate invasion of, 97–100, 103–4
Mason, James, 236
Maximilian, Ferdinand, 221
Minnigerode, Charles, 81–82
Missouri, Confederate invasion of, 56
Morgan, John Hunt:
raids behind Union lines, 101, 250
urges invasion of Kentucky, 102, 104
Munfordville, Confederate capture of, 104
Murfreesboro, Battle of, 118, 122, 125
Myers, Abraham C., 169–70
Napoleon, Louis, 221, 236
Nashville, Battle of, 216, 249
Neely, Mark, 74
New Orleans, Union capture of, 60, 82, 107
Norfolk:
Confederate capture of, 26
Confederate loss of, 79
North Carolina, peace sentiment in, 172–75
Northrop, Lucius B.:
as commissary general, criticism of, 43, 165, 169
and trade with enemy, 166–67
resignation of, 226
Davis’s favoritism toward, 250–51
Olustee, Battle of, 183
Palmerston, Lord, 236
Pea Ridge, Battle of, 67
Pemberton, John C., 113, 120
named commander at Vicksburg, 108
repels 1862 attack, 109–10, 118–19
and defense of Vicksburg in 1863, 129–33, 143, 145
blamed for loss of Vicksburg, 136–38
becomes colonel of artillery, 156
Davis’s relations with, 251
Pensacola:
Confederates seize, 24
Confederates evacuate, 60
Perryville, Battle of, 104
Pettus, John, 132
Pickens, Francis, 18, 24
Pierce, Franklin, 15
Pillow, Gideon, 61, 62
Plymouth, North Carolina, Confederates recapture, 183
Polk, Leonidas, 40, 178
occupies Columbus, Kentucky, 54–56
at Shiloh, 67
criticizes Bragg, 115–17, 126, 149
Battle of Chickamauga, 152
removed by Bragg, 153–54
transferred to Mississippi, 156
presses Davis to appoint Johnston, 160
and Sherman’s Meridian campaign, 179
reinforces Johnston in Georgia, 192, 193, 194
Davis’s favoritism toward, 250–51
Pope, John, 69, 95, 97
Port Hudson, 129
surrender of, 135, 146, 165, 167
Potter, David M., 4
Price, Sterling:
attempt to recapture Corinth, 101–2, 104
replaces Holmes in Arkansas, 146
Randolph, George Wythe:
named secretary of war, 64
drafts conscription law, 71
and defense of Yorktown, 78–79
restive with Davis’s micromanagement, 111
resigns, 113
and trade with enemy, 166–67
Ransom, Robert, 188, 191
Reagan, John:
on defense of Richmond in 1862, 83–84
wants to reinforce Vicksburg, 130–31
Red River campaign, 184
Richmond, Kentucky, Confederate capture of, 102–3
Richmond, Virginia:
becomes Confederate capital, 33, 35, 40
Davis’s determination to defend, 83–84
bread riot in, 167–69
fall of, 239–40
Richmond Dispatch:
demands military offensive, 89
on revival of war spirit, 226
Richmond Examiner:
urges offensive strategy, 48
criticizes Davis, 82, 138, 218
on invasion of Pennsylvania, 139–40
on appointment of Bragg as chief of staff, 183
blames Davis for fall of Atlanta, 205
on a Davis speech, 225
opposes enlistment of slaves, 231
Richmond Sentinel, criticizes Johnston, 136
Roanoke Island, Union capture of, 62, 64
Rodes, Robert, 188
Rosecrans, William S., 130
and Murfreesboro campaign, 106
Tullahoma and Chickamauga campaign, 148–50
Battle of Chickamauga, 152
relieved of command, 153
Ruffin, Edmund, 159
St. John, Isaac, 226
Scott, Winfield, 24
Seddon, James, 180, 182
named secretary of war, 113–15
and execution of black soldiers, 121
and Army of Tennessee, 127
wants to send Longstreet to Vicksburg, 130
orders Johnston to Mississippi, 132
orders Johnston to attack Grant, 134
presses Davis to appoint Johnston, 160
criticizes Johnston, 193
resignation of, 225
Semmes, Raphael, 21
Seven Days’ Battles, 91–94
Seward, William H.:
and Fort Sumter, 22, 24
at Hampton Roads conference, 224
Sharpsburg, Battle of: see Antietam
Sheridan, Philip, 188, 205
Sherman, William T., 207, 208, 210
Union commander in Kentucky, 58
repulsed at Chickasaw Bluffs, 110, 118
and Vicksburg campaign, 132, 135
Meridian campaign of, 179
Atlanta campaign of, 192–95, 199–201
captures Atlanta, 204–6
plans for march to Savannah, 211
march through Georgia, 215–18
march through the Carolinas, 226
Johnston surrenders to, 241
Shiloh, Battle of, 67–68
slavery:
defense of, as Confederate policy, 5, 10, 28–30
importance of, in Confederate economy, 20
and strategy of dispersed defense, 31
reenslavement of captured Union soldiers, 171–72
Kenner mission to propose gradual abolition, 235–36
slaves as soldiers in Confederacy:
debate on proposals for, 228–34
passage of Negro soldier bill, 235
Smith, Edmund Kirby, 117, 210, 241
and invasion of Kentucky, 102, 104
criticism of Bragg, 115–17
commander of Trans-Mississippi Department, 146–48
and trade with enemy, 167
Smith, Gustavus W., 49–50, 84
Spotsylvania, Battle of, 189
Stanton, Edwin M., 171
Star of the West, 22
Stephens, Alexander H.:
vice president, 64
peace mission in 1863, 140, 142, 143, 174
urges peace negotiations, 202, 220, 222
faith in Northern Copperheads, 207
at Hampton Roads conference, 224
on Davis’s determination to fight on, 225
Stephens, Linton, 5–6
Stones River, Battle of: see Murfreesboro
strategy:
Davis’s role in shaping, 10, 11, 248
strategic options constrained by industrial deficiencies, 20–21, 48–49
Davis announces defensive strategy in 1861, 28
dispersed defense, 30–37
offensive defensive, 38, 49–50, 66–67, 84, 90–91, 95, 250
public demand for offensive in 1861, 48–49
and in 1862, 89–90
need for concentration of forces, 106–7
Davis signals invasion of Tennessee in 1864, 208
Johnston’s Fabian strategy, 249–50
Stuart, J. E. B., 90
Taylor, Richard, 210
Thomas, George H.:
Battle of Chickamauga, 152
replaces Rosecrans, 153
attack on Missionary Ridge, 158
Thompson, Jacob, 33–34
Toombs, Robert, 247
hostility toward Davis, 5–6, 62–63, 198
and Fort Sumter, 25
Vance, Zebulon, 240
wants more North Carolina troops in state, 106
and peace movement in North Carolina, 172–74
reelected governor, 175
Van Dorn, Earl, 67, 69
Corinth campaign, 101–2
Battle of Corinth, 104
Holly Springs raid, 110