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Nation on Board

Page 34

by Lynn Schler


  London & Kano Trading Company, 116

  Lubeck, Paul, 9

  Lyttelton Constitution (1954), 106

  Mamdani, Mahmood, 15, 163

  marketing boards, 106, 109, 116, 121, 123, 125

  McClatchey, Alfred, 92

  Merseyside Maritime Museum, 17

  Miller-Idriss, Cynthia, 196

  Monday, A., 84

  Mothibe, Tefetso, 12

  MV Accra, 38, 74, 76

  MV Apapa strike (1959), 79–80, 88–93, 99–100

  MV Aureol, 45–46, 76

  MV Dan Fodio, 94, 116, 124, 127, 132, 139–40, 141, 143, 171–72

  MV Egori, 37, 81

  MV Ileoluji, 187

  MV King Jaja, 127, 145, 150, 152, 171, 172, 189–90

  MV Oduduwa, 127, 132–33, 139, 140, 145, 148, 154, 171, 188

  MV River Ngada, 152

  MV Sekondi, 97

  National Bank of Nigeria, 108

  National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), 106

  National Economic Council (NEC), 111–12, 113, 114, 116

  nationalism/nationalization, 3; and black diaspora, 55, 78; economic, 103, 108, 109; and indigenization, 134–35; and Nigerianization of shipping, 195–97; organized labor and, 6–7; and political elites, 11–12, 78, 103, 105–8, 109–10; and seamen, 5, 50, 135–41; vs. solidarity of local populations, 77; and transnational alliances, 10

  National Maritime Board, 4, 28, 135, 137

  National Seamen’s Union (Britain), 39

  NCNC, Se National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

  NEC. See National Economic Council

  Neocosmos, Michael, 78

  Niagwan, Cosmos, 47–48, 198

  Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, 130

  Nigerian Institute of International Relations, 18

  Nigerianization of shipping, 6, 13, 95–97, 98, 99, 179; critique of, 131, 134–35, 155, 160, 195, 197; culture of, 132–35, 144–48, 162–63; disappointment with, 3, 155–61; economic obstacles to, 98, 108–11; nation-building and, 195–97; as priority, 141–43; staff, 141–44

  Nigerian Labour Congress, 98

  Nigerian Maritime Board, 190

  Nigerian National Shipping Line (NNSL): aging ships, 171–74; and class, study of, 197–98; corruption and decline, 14–17, 164–65; criticisms and debates on, 117–24; data secrecy, 123, 173; disillusionment with, 3, 155–61; employment with, 2–3; establishment of, 5, 32, 102, 105, 111–17, 162; fleet expansion, 127–28, 169, 172; food served to crews, 137–39; illegal activities on ships, 186–92; knowledge of officers, 19; liquidation of, 156, 165, 201; mismanagement of, 5–6, 14, 16, 102–3, 165, 169–71, 176; and nationalism, 105–8; Nigerian seamen’s perspective on, 175–79; oral interviews, 18–20, 198–201; partnerships, 113–16; and political economy, 174–75; and political elite’s agendas, 103–5, 124–31, 162–63, 166, 169–70, 197; and regional marketing boards, 123; ship logbooks, 18. See also Nigerianization of shipping; specific ships

  Nigerian National Union (NNU), 95–96

  Nigerian officers and captains: discrimination by, 37, 46, 86, 88–89, 159–61, 178; relationship to crew, 18, 45, 144–45, 153, 156, 158, 183; relationship to European crew, 36–37, 133, 143, 144–45, 175; ship hierarchies, 2, 18, 22, 24–25, 32, 36, 41, 48, 139, 142–43, 145, 156, 164, 191, 195; training, 19, 32, 116, 141–43, 145

  Nigerian Railway Corporation, 117

  Nigerian seamen and seafaring: and black diaspora, 21, 56, 79, 80–83, 98, 194–95; as British subjects, 50–51; cosmopolitan imaginaries of, 49–50, 55; discrimination toward, 2, 5, 25, 28, 35–38, 42–44, 46, 51, 62, 70, 86, 88–90, 100, 135, 195; disciplinary actions against, 18, 45, 88, 145–47, 150, 152, 182, 186–87, 190–91; drunkenness, 145–46, 150–51; entitlement, sense of, 57, 148, 149, 151–52, 156; ethnic tensions, 178–79; exploitation of, 182–86; foreign families of, 5, 50, 56–58; home, sense of, 60–63, 137, 148–55; identity of, 13; insubordination, 150, 152–53, 155; and nationalization, 5, 50, 135–41; NNSL, perspective on, 175–79; oral interviews, 18–20, 198–201; overview, 3–6; passports issued to, 136; pay scale, 28, 32, 137, 139–40, 157–58; protests, 81–83; recruitment of, 2, 4, 25–29; relationship to European crews, 2, 3–4, 25–26, 28, 30, 32–33, 35–36, 38, 88–89, 137–41, 143–44, 147, 148–49, 151–52, 158, 175, 183; relationship to officers and captains, 18, 45, 144–45, 153, 156, 158, 183; repatriation, 18, 52; secondhand goods trading by, 2, 4, 50, 64, 176, 179–86; ship hierarchies, 2, 18, 24–25, 32, 36, 41, 48, 139, 142–43, 145, 156, 164, 191, 195; sleeping on duty, 146–47; transnational mobility, 1–2, 48, 49, 54–55, 80, 136, 194; transnational trading by, 4–5, 63–70; union organizing, 38–44; way of life, 54–60; wives and families, 19, 33–35, 46, 57–59. See also African seamen

  Nigerian Shipping Federation, 18

  Nigerian Union of Seamen, 4, 17, 18, 39, 40, 96; letter to Elder Dempster, 81–82; in postcolonial era, 97–101; power and politics in, 44–46; recognition of, 93; on working conditions, 63

  Njoku, Amanze, 112, 113–21, 124, 125, 128–29, 133, 141

  Nnaemeka, Abonyi, 164

  Nnoli, Okwudiba, 107

  NNSL. See Nigerian National Shipping Line

  NNU. See Nigerian National Union

  Northern People’s Congress (NPC), 106

  Northern Region, 106, 107, 127

  NPC. See Northern People’s Congress

  Nwoke, Chibuzo N., 110

  Nwokedi (minister), 87

  Nyerere, Julius, 12

  Ogunsiji, E. Olu, 146

  Oguntimeyin, T., 84

  Ojora, Otunba Adekunle, 169

  Ojukwu, Louis, 124, 125–28, 166

  Olivier de Sardan, J. P., 15–16

  Olugbake, Franco, 40, 84

  Olukoju, Ayodeji, 111

  Oranyan, 149–50, 172

  Osaghae, Eghosa, 156, 163–64

  overtime pay, 137, 139–40, 157–58

  Oyesiku, Nelson, 171

  Palm Line, 16, 17, 75, 98–99, 139–40; as NNSL partner, 113–17, 118–19, 122, 128–30; in WALCON, 122

  Pan-Africanism, 10, 55, 56, 77, 78, 79, 83

  Passage, Leslie, 130–31

  patron-clientism, 15, 164

  Paxton, A., 96

  Peace, Adrian, 7–8

  Peter Waterman Papers, 18

  Pienkowski, T., 147

  political elites, 11–12, 78, 103, 105–8, 109–10, 124–31, 156, 164, 166

  postcolonialism, 3, 13–14, 15, 156, 163–64

  prebendalism, use of term, 164

  Produce Marketing Boards, 116

  proletarianization, 8

  punishment. See discipline

  race relations: colonial, 52–53; discrimination and violence, 35–38, 42–44, 51, 80, 86, 88–89, 100, 135; and exclusion, 50–54; hierarchies, 2, 24, 36, 62–63, 70, 82, 194; Khayam on, 42–43, 86, 94–95, 143–44; seamen’s union on, 41–42; solidarity among seamen, 24, 194, 210n30

  Rediker, Marcus, 24, 194

  regional governments, Nigerian, 105–8, 111–13; solidarities, 10, 78, 105–7. See also specific regions

  River Andoni, 76

  River Benue, 146, 152, 154, 187, 190

  River Ethiope, 153

  River Majidum, 145

  River Niger, 154–55

  River Ogun, 145, 147, 149, 152, 189

  River Oji, 154–55, 188

  River Oshun, 153–54

  Rules of the Union, 41

  Sachikonye, Lloyd, 97

  Salamat Ambi, 187, 190

  Salubi, Thompson Edogbeji, 92

  Salubi, Thompson Edogbeji A., Jr., 92

  Salubi report, 93–97, 100, 135, 137

  secondhand goods trade: captain’s role, 65–66; as distraction, 68; as supplemental income, 2, 4, 50, 64, 176, 179–86

  Second Republic, 156

  segregation, 36

  Sewell, William, 8

  Simpson, David, 31

  ship hierarchies, 2, 18, 24–25, 32, 36, 41, 48, 139, 142–43, 145, 156, 164, 191, 195
r />   slave trade, 23–24, 25

  Smith, Daniel, 16–17, 165

  smuggling, 63

  social imaginaries, 47, 48–49

  Socialist Labour League, 90

  social policing, 51–52

  Solaru, T. T., 111

  SS Winneba, 85

  stevedores, 26, 29

  stewards, 29, 30, 32

  stokers, 26, 31

  Sturmey, S. G., 173

  Suberu, Rotimi, 106, 107

  SWAL (Scandinavian West Africa Shipping), 122

  Tabili, Laura, 31, 51

  Tajudeen, Alao, 145

  Taylor, Charles, 47, 48–49

  Tignor, Robert, 108–9, 125

  Tijani, Hakeem, 44

  Tod, Donald, 126, 171

  Trade Union Congress Colonial Advisory Committee, 28

  trading, transnational, 4–5, 63–70. See also secondhand goods trade

  transnational migrations, 1–2, 48, 49, 54–55, 80, 136, 194

  trimmers, 29, 30–33

  Tsiquaye (captain), 150–51

  UK Board of Trade, 116

  United Africa Company, 40, 169

  Uwazurike, Chudi, 164

  Van Der Walt, Lucien, 10

  WALCON. See West African Lines Conference

  Warren, W. M., 7

  Waterman, Peter, 8, 97–98

  West African Lines Conference (WALCON), 103, 113–14, 116–17, 120–24, 127, 168, 169

  West African Pilot (newspaper), 119

  Western Region, 106, 108, 111, 112–13, 116–17, 120, 124, 127, 130

  Woermann Line, 133

  World War II (1939–1945), 4

  Yates, Thomas (Tom), 39, 85–86, 96

  Yesufu, Tijani, 7

  Yinka Folawiyo, 148–49

  Yogoi, Benson, 177

  Yoruba: Action Group, 106; railway workers, study of, 9

  Yoruba Oduduwa Society, 133

  Yoruba seamen, 56

  Zachernuk, Philip, 78

  Zim Integrated Shipping, 113

  Zimmerman, Sarah J., 210–11n38

 

 

 


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