A Curious History of Sex
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Wade, Lisa D., Emily C. Kremer, and Jessica Brown, ‘The Incidental Orgasm: The Presence of Clitoral Knowledge and the Absence of Orgasm for Women’, Women & Health, 42 (2005), 117–38 https://doi.org/10.1300/j013v42n01_07.
Walter, Robert C., et al., ‘Early Human Occupation of the Red Sea Coast of Eritrea During The Last Interglacial’, Nature, 405 (2000), 65–9 https://doi.org/10.1038/35011048.
Ward, Samuel, George Cutter, Edward Frankel, and W.T. Bull, ‘Reports On the Progress of Medicine’, New York Medical Journal, 23 (1876), 207–10.
Ward, Samuel, ‘Reports on the Diseases of Women’, International Record of Medicine and General Practice Clinics, 23 (2017), 209.
Westenholz, Joan Goodnick, ‘Tamar, Qĕdēšā, Qadištu, and Sacred Prostitution in Mesopotamia’, Harvard Theological Review, 82 (1989), 245–66 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016199.
Whipple, B., ‘Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) During Orgasm in Women’, Sexologies, 17 (2008), S45 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72639-2.
Williams, Megan N., and Amy Jacobson, ‘Effect of Copulins on Rating of Female Attractiveness, Mate-Guarding, and Self-Perceived Sexual Desirability’, Evolutionary Psychology, 14 (2016), 147470491664332 https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916643328.
Wing, Clifton E., ‘The Proper Use of the Hot Vaginal Douche’, The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 102 (1880), 583–4.
Wu, Yi-Li, ‘The Menstruating Womb: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Body and Gender in Hŏ Chun’s Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine (1613)’, Asian Medicine, 11 (2016), 21–60 https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341377.
Zeki, Semir, and Andreas Bartels, ‘The Neural Correlates of Maternal and Romantic Love’, Neuroimage, 21 (2004), 1155–66 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.003.
Newspapers and Magazines
Aberdeen Press and Journal, ‘Monkey Gland Patient Dead’, 6 September 1923, p. 7.
Bell’s Weekly Messenger, ‘The Hottentot Venus’, 2 December 1810, p. 7.
Belfast Commercial Chronicle, 15 January 1816.
Bury and Norwich Post, ‘Miscellaneous’, 3 May 1837, p. 1.
Chicago Tribune, ‘Gland larceny’, 15 October 1922.
College Times, Christina Caldwell, ‘The C-Word: How One Four-Letter Word Holds So Much Power’, 15 March 2011.
Dundee Evening Telegraph, ‘Youth Glands Stolen’, 16 October 1922, p. 7.
Evening Chronicle, ‘Bow Street’, 2 February 1837, p. 4.
Gentleman’s Magazine, ‘The Tryal of Eleanore Beare of Derby’, 1732, pp. 933–4.
GQ, Walter Kirn, ‘The Forbidden Word’, 4 May 2005, p. 136.
Guardian, Jennifer Worth, ‘A Deadly Trade’, 6 January, 2005 Guardian, Jennifer Worth, ‘A Deadly Trade’, 6 January, 2005
Iowa State Register, ‘Taking Chances’, 28 August 1895.
Le Petit Parisien, ‘Jouvence’, 8 October 1919, p. 2.
Morning Chronicle, ‘Police Intelligence’, 20 February 1847, p. 4.
National Review, Arthur Shadwell, ‘The Hidden Dangers of Cycling’, 1897, pp. 787-96
New Zealand Graphic and Ladies’ Journal, 17 September 1898, p. 372.
New Zealand Wheelman, Edna Taylor, 18 August 1897, p. 7.
New Zealand Wheelman, 30 April 1898.
Nottingham Evening Post, ‘Seven Methods Explained’, 15 July 1924, p. 1.
Nottingham Review and General Advertiser for the Midland Counties, ‘Judicial Procedures’, 5 May 1837, p. 4.
Observer, Gerald Gould, ‘New Novels’, 28 February 1932, p. 6.
Pilot, ‘Sargent Adams and the Law of Kissing’, 1837, p. 3.
Portsmouth Evening News, ‘Gland Rejuvenation’, 22 April 1939, p. 8.
Saturday Review of Literature, George Bernard Shaw, ‘Letter to the Editor’, 14 July 1928, p. 1,043.
South Wales Daily News, ‘Remedy for Bicycle Face’, 4 September 1897, p. 3.
Time Magazine, ‘The Potency Pill’, 4 May 1998, cover.
The Times, ‘The Hottentot Venus’, 26 November 1810, p. 3.
Archives
‘Anne Knutsford c. Anne Blagge’ (Chester, 1664), Cheshire Record Office, EDC5 1.
‘Cause Papers’ (York, 1699), Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, CP.H.4562.
‘Cicely Pedley c. Benedict And Elizabeth Brooks’ (Chester, 1652), Cheshire Record Office, PRO Ches. 29/442.
‘Elizabeth Young c. Robert Heyward’ (Chester, 1664), Cheshire Record Office, CRO EDC5 1663/64.
Fane, Francis, ‘Iter Occidentale, or the Wonders of Warm Water’ (London, 1674), British Library, Harley.
‘Judith Glendering c. Thomas Ellerton’ (London, 1685), London Metropolitan Archives, DL/C/241.
‘Martha Winnell c. Abraham Beaver’ (York, 1685), Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, CP.H.3641.
‘Peter Leigh c. William Halliwell’ (Chester, 1663), Cheshire Record Office, CRO EDC5 1663/63.
‘Susan Town c. Jane Adams’ (London, 1695), London Metropolitan Archives, DL/C/244.
‘Thomas Hewetson c. Thomas Daniel’ (London, 1699), London Metropolitan Archives, CP.H.4534.
‘Thomas Richardson c. Elizabeth Aborne’ (London, 1690), London Metropolitan Archives, DL/C/243.
Film, Radio and Music
Avildsen, John G., Rocky (Chartoff-Winkler Productions, 1976).
Friedkin, William, The Exorcist: Extended Director’s Cut (Warner Brothers, 2010).
Gilliam, Terry, Monty Python and the Holy Grail (EMI, 1975).
Kinney, Jack, The Story of Menstruation (Hollywood: Disney, 1946).
Mercury, Freddie, Bicycle Race (London: EMI, 1978).
Mix-a-Lot, Sir, Baby Got Back (Def American, 1992).
Nichols, Mike, Carnal Knowledge (Los Angeles: AVCO Embassy Pictures, 1971).
Smith, Will, The C Word: How We Came to Swear by it (BBC, 2007).
Images
All images of Victorian erotica are from the author’s own collection, or from the archives of Delta of Venus.
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8 Cranach, Lucas, and Stephan Füssel, The Whore of Babylon from the Luther Bible of 1534 (Cologne: c. Taschen, 2016).
12 The New Art and Mystery of Gossiping: Being a Genuine Account of All the Women’s Clubs In and About the City and Suburbs of London, With the Manner of Their Club Orders © The British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images (Cirencester: Samuel Rudder, 1770).
16 Courbet, Gustave, L’Origine du Monde © RMN-Grand Palais (Musée d’Orsay) / Hervé Lewandowski.
21 Speed, John, Map of Oxfordshire and the University of Oxford (Huntercombe: Nuffield Place, 1605). Historic Images / Alamy Stock Photo.
22 Sheela Na Gig, Kilpeck, Herefordshire: Kilpeck church, twelfth-century (© Nessy-Pic, Wikicommons).
27 The School of Venus, or The Ladies Delight (London, 1680).
29 ‘Les charmes de Fanny exposés’ (plate VIII) by Édouard-Henri Avril, 1887. First published in an illustrated edition of Fanny Hill by John Cleland. Art Collection 4 / Alamy Stock Photo.
31 Tait, Lawson, Diseases of Women and Abdominal Surgery (Philadelphia: Lea Brothers, 1889). Gibson1 / Alamy Stock Photo.
32 Invocation a l’amour, c.1825 (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
44 D’Alton, Christopher, ‘Female Genitalia Showing Severely Diseased Tissue and Hypertrophy of the Clitoris’ (London: Wellcome Trust, 1857, CC BY).
45 Roman fresco from the Terme Suburbane in Pompeii (Wikicommons).
47 ‘A woman caresses another woman who uses a root vegetable as a dildo’ Gouache Painting (London: Wellcome Collection, 1900, CC BY).
51 L’opere Chirurgiche, ‘Vaginal Speculum’ (London: Wellcome Collection, 1678, CC BY).
54 Norris, T., The History of Witches and Wizards: Giving a True Account of all their Tryals in England, Scotland, Swedeland, France, and New England; with their Confession and Condemnation (London: Wellco
me Collection, 1720, CC BY).
56 Boulton, Richard, The Witches of Warboyse (London: Wellcome Collection, 1720, CC BY).
58 Bourguignon D’Anville, and John Cleland, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure: From the Original Corrected Edition, with a Set of Elegant Engravings [Ascribed To Gravelot]. (London, 1766).
62 Kobelt, Georg Ludwig, ‘Dissected Clitoris’ in The Male and Female Organs of Sexual Arousal in Man and Some Other Mammals (Strasbourg: Berger-Levrault et fils, 1844).
63 ‘Marie Bonaparte Princess Giorgios of Greece’ (the lost gallery, Wikicommons, CC BY 2.0, https://www.flickr.com/photos/59159563@N04/14901259040).
65 Anatomy of the clitoris (Wikicommons).
70 Sartjee the Hottentot Venus (London: British Museum, 1810). © The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.
72 ‘The Hottentot Venus’, Belfast Commercial Chronicle, 15 January 1816. Newspaper image © The British Library Board. All rights reserved. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk).
74 Lombroso, Cesare, ‘Cuscinetto Posteriore in Africane’, in La Donna Delinquente La Prostituta e la Donna Normale (Turin, L. Roux, 1893).
75 Oosterhoff, Inge, ‘Greetings from the Colonies: Postcards of a Shameful Past’, Messy Nessy Chic, 2015
75 Malek Alloula, The Colonial Harem, trans. by Myrna Godzich and Wlad Godzich (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986).
76 du Noüy, Jean Jules Antoine Lecomte, Rhamsès Dans Son Harem, in Louis Enault, Paris-Salon (Musée d’Orsay). The History Collection / Alamy Stock Photo.
76 Delacroix, Eugène, Jewish Wedding in Morocco (Paris: Louvre Museum, 1841). Age footstock / Alamy Stock Photo.
79 O’Neil, Henry, Jephthah’s Daughter Contemplating her Virginity and her Imminent Death, Surrounded by Woeful Attendants with Musical Instruments (London: Wellcome Collection, 1846, CC BY).
81 1960s advert for Pursette tampons (Woman’s Day, May 1962).
84 Saja, Pietro, Vestal Virgin Condemned to Death (Caserta: Palazzo Reale, 1800). akg-images / MPortfolio / Electa.
86 Dou, Gerrit, A Physician Examining a Urine Flask (London: Wellcome Collection, seventeenth century, CC BY).
89 Painting on a cowrie shell, ‘A man unlocking a chastity belt of a reclining woman’ (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
91 Monk of the Order of St Francis, Nocturnal Revels: Or, the History of King’s-Place, and Other Modern Nunneries (London: M. Goadby, 1779).
93 Goya, Francisco, A Young Woman Casting Aside her Virginity to Become a Prostitute (London: Wellcome Collection, 1798, CC BY).
102 Seminal Emission Moxibustion Point Chart. Caption: Jinggong (Palace of Essence/Semen), C19 Chinese MS moxibustion chart: Seminal emission point by Zhang Youheng (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
103 Chinese woodcut: Jiang niu zhuo yue (Dismounting from the ox to catch the moon), Qigong exercise to treat involuntary seminal emission (London: Wellcome Collection, 1513, CC BY).
105 A giant penis copulating with a female devil. Gouache painting. c.1900 (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
108 Milton, John Laws, ‘Four Pointed Urethral Ring’, in On the Pathology and Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Spermatorrhoea, originally published in New York: Wood 1887 (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
109 Brodie, R.J., The Secret Companion: A Medical Work on Onanism or Self-Pollution (London, 1845).
111 Milton, John Laws, ‘Toothed Urethral Ring’, in On the Pathology and Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Spermatorrhoea originally published in New York: Wood 1887 (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
112 ‘The Electric Alarum’, On the Pathology and Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Spermatorrhoea originally published in New York: Wood 1887 (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
115 Portrait of Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard (Bethesda: National Library of Medicine, Science Source).
116 Portrait of Dr Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff (Washington: Library of Congress collections).
121 Eugen Steinach. Photograph by J. Scherb after a painting (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
124 Reports of the case of testicular theft, Dundee Evening Telegraph, 16 October 1922). Newspaper image © Successor copyright holder unknown. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk).
126 ‘Rejuvenating Tablets’, Sporting Times, 13 February, 1926. Newspaper image © Successor copyright holder unknown. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk).
126 ‘Anti-ageing face cream made from glands’, Britannia and Eve, 1 December 1938. © Illustrated London News/Mary Evans Picture Library.
128 Beuckelaer, Joachim, Brothel (Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 1537).
140 One man makes dough as another stokes the fire for the oven, there is bread on the tables and trays and baskets are piled in stacks. Sixteenth-century coloured etching (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
141 ‘A baker is loading uncooked dough into an oven, as baked loaves are carried away by a woman’, by J. Amman, Der Beck from Jost Amman’s Stände und Handwerker, (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
145 ‘Sixteenth-century woodcarving of two people making bread’. Two people are making bread in a great brick-built oven. Process print (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
149 ‘Illustrations of six types of shellfish’ by Shizhen, Li, in Compendium of Materia Medica, Bencao Gangmu – c.16 Chinese materia medica, Shellfish (London: Wellcome Collection, 1596).
150 Botticelli, Sandro, The Birth of Venus (Florence: Uffizi Gallery, 1484). The Picture Art Collection / Alamy Stock Photo. By permission of the Ministry for Cultural Assets and Activities.
152 ‘Oyster’ (Tzomqe/imgur.com).
154 ‘A young girl is selling oysters to a customer in the street’, nineteenth-century coloured lithograph, J. Brydone & Sons (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
156 Molly Milton, the Pretty Oyster Woman (London: British Museum, 1788). © The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.
158 A woman, with light shining on her face from a lamp, standing in front of a barrel of oysters, opening one with a knife. Wood engraving by H. Linton after H. Morland (London: Wellcome Collection, CC BY).
160 Nakhshabi, Ziya’ al-Din, Lizzat Al-Nisa (Pleasures of Women) (London: Wellcome Collection, 1824, CC BY).
162 Reynolds, John, et al., A Discourse upon Prodigious Abstinence (London: R.W., 1669).
165 Title page for Women’s Petition Against Coffee (Houghton Library, Harvard University, 1674).
167 Portrait of John Harvey Kellogg (Washington: George Grantham Bain Collection at the Library of Congress).
175 Granville, Joseph Mortimer, ‘Granville Hammer’, in Nerve-Vibration and Excitation as Agents in the Treatment of Functional Disorder and Organic Disease (London: Churchill, 1883).
176 ‘VeeDee’ Mechanical vibrator, London, England, 1900–1915 (London: Science Museum CC BY).
181–3 Pelvic massage illustrations from Dr A. Jentzer, Die Heilgymnastik in der Gynaekologie: und die mechanische Behandlung von Erkrankungen des Uterus und seiner Adnexe, nach Thure Brandt (Leipzig: Verlag Von Johann, 1895).
194 Illustration of a ‘Draisine’ (Wikimedia Commons, 1817).
195 ‘Rover Ladies Safety Bicycles’, designed by John Kemp Starley (Wikimedia Commons, c.1889).
203 ‘Bicycle face’, from Derry Journal, 23 September, 1895. Newspaper image © The British Library Board. All rights reserved. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive
204 Ferris Good Sense Corset Waist advert, 1901.
205 ‘A “lady cyclist” is attacked by a mob for wearing socks’, Illustrated Police News, 9 October 1897. Newspaper image © The British Library Board. All rights reserved. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk).
206 Opper, F., ‘The “New Woman�
�� and Her Bicycle, There will be Several Varieties of Her’, in Puck (New York: Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, 1895 June 19. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540).
208 Aberdeen Press and Journal, 14 April, 1888. Newspaper image © The British Library Board. All rights reserved. With thanks to The British Newspaper Archive.
211 ‘Early twentieth-century image of a man copulating with a model of a woman and models of penises mounted on a board’ (London: Wellcome Collection, 1900, CC BY).
213 Cnidus Aphrodite, Roman copy of fourth-century Greek original, Ludovisi Collection (National Museum, Palazzo Altemps, Rome).
219 Kokoschka, Oskar, Alma Doll (Private collection, Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, 1919).
221 Inflatable vinyl sex doll (Wikicommons).
229 Filippuccio, Memmo di, Erotic scenes fresco (Musei Civici di San Gimignano, c.1300).
231 Prior, T.A. after Thomas Allom, ‘Outer cooling room of a Turkish bathhouse’, in Constantinople and the Scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor originally published by Fisher and Sons, 1838 (London: Wellcome CC BY).
232 Japanese Men and Women Washing in a Traditional Bath House, Utagawa, Yoshitora (London: Wellcome Collection, 1860 CC BY).
234 Benham, Sebald, Fountain (London: Wellcome Collection, sixteenth century CC BY).
244 Rowlandson, Thomas, The Hairy Prospect or the Devil in a Fright (London: British Museum, 1800). © The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.
248 Goya, Francisco, The Nude Maja (Madrid: Prado Museum, 1797).
252 Ashes depilatory cream advert that ran in Harper’s Bazaar, 1922.
256 Miniature: Clyster with Pear-Shaped Douche in Use (London: Wellcome Collection, fifteenth century CC BY).
258 ‘Vaginal Douche’, Handbook of Obstetric Nursing, 1902, by Francis W. N. Haultain and James Haig Ferguson (London: Young J Pentland, 1898).
260 ‘Lysol douche advertisement’, in McCall’s Magazine, July 1928.
261 ‘Zonite douche liquid advertisement’, in McCall’s Magazine, 1928.
262 ‘Dr Pierre’s Boro-Pheno-Form Feminine Hygiene Suppositories advertisement’, 1950. Published in Secrets magazine, July 1950, Vol. 28 No. 2.