The Myths of Mexico & Peru (Illustrated) (Myths and Legends of the Ancient World Book 5)

by Spence,Lewis

  probably represent early Maya efforts at colonisation, 147

  HUATENAY. River in Peru; runs through the Intipampa at Cuzco, 261

  HUATHIACURI. A hero, son of Paricaca; a myth of, 324–326

  HUATULCO. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12

  HUEHUEQUAUHTITLAN. Place in Mexico; Quetzalcoatl at, 64

  HUEHUETEOTL (Oldest of Gods). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95

  HUEHUE TLAPALLAN (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119

  HUEHUETZIN. Toltec chieftain; rebels against Acxitl, 18, 19

  HUEMAC II. Toltec king, 15, 16;

  abdicates, 17;

  opposes Huehuetzin, 19

  HUEXOTZINCO. Mexican city, 48, 49

  HUEXOTZINCOS. Aztec tribe, 233

  HUEYMATZIN (Great Hand). Toltec necromancer and sage, 14;

  reputed author of the Teo-Amoxtli, 46;

  and Quetzalcoatl, 84

  HUEYTOZOZTLI (The Great Watch). Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86

  HUICHAANA. Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121, 122

  HUILLCAMAYU (Huillca-river). River in Peru; regarded as an oracle, 296

  HUILLCANUTA. Place in Peru, 311

  HUILLCAS. Sacred objects of the nature of oracles, in Peru, 296

  HUITZILIMITZIN. In the story of the vicious princess, 130

  HUITZILOPOCHO. Mexican city, 50

  HUITZILOPOCHTLI (Humming-bird to the Left). Aztec god of war, originally a chieftain, 28, 70;

  and the foundation of Mexico, 28;

  the great temple of, at Mexico, 30, 31;

  plots against the Toltecs and Quetzalcoatl, 60;

  and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63–64;

  myth of the origin of, 70–72;

  associated with the serpent and the humming-bird, 72–73;

  as usually represented, 73;

  associated with the gladiatorial stone, 73;

  as Mexitli, 74;

  as serpent-god of lightning, associated with the summer, 74;

  in connection with Tlaloc, 74;

  the Toxcatl festival of, 74;

  the priesthood of, 75;

  in connection with the legend of the sacrificed princess, 124

  HUN-APU (Master, or Magician). A hero-god, twin with Xbalanque; in a Kiche myth, 211–219;

  in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223–227;

  mentioned, 237

  HUN-CAME. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224

  HUNABKU. God of the Maya, representing divine unity, 171

  HUNAC EEL. Ruler of the Cocomes, 155

  HUNBATZ. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223

  HUNCHOUEN. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223

  HUNHUN-APU. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220–222, 224, 225, 227

  HUNPICTOK (Commander-in-Chief of Eight Thousand Flints). The palace of, at Itzamal, 187–188

  HUNSA. City at which the Zoque of the Chibchas lived, 276

  HURAKAN (The One-legged). Maya god of lightning;

  prototype of Tlaloc, 76, 78;

  the mustachioed image of, at Itzamal, 188;

  = the mighty wind, in the Kiche story of the creation, 209;

  and the creation of man in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 229–230;

  probably same as Nahua Tezcatlipoca, 237;

  his sub-gods, 237

  I

  ICUTEMAL. Ruler of the Kiche, 159

  ILHUICATLAN (In the Sky). Column in temple at Mexico, connected with the worship of the planet Venus, 96

  ILLATICI (The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm, 301

  INCA ROCA. Sixth Inca, 283

  INCAS (People of the Sun). The Peruvian ruling race; a composite people, 254;

  place of origin, 254;

  inferior to the Mexicans in general culture, 248;

  mythology of, 255–258, 317–327;

  character of their civilisation, 259;

  no personal freedom, 260;

  age of marriage, 260;

  their system of mummification, 262–264;

  severity of their legal code, 264;

  social system, 264–265;

  calendar, 265–266;

  religious festivals, 267;

  architecture, 268–269;

  architectural remains, 270–273;

  irrigation works, 273;

  possessed no system of writing, 278;

  the quipos, 278–279;

  as craftsmen, 279–281;

  the pottery of, 280–281;

  period and extent of their dominion, 281–282;

  fusion of the constituent peoples, 285–286;

  splitting of the race, 286;

  their despotism, 290;

  religion of, 291;

  sun-worship of, 307–313

  INCAS. The rulers of Peru, 282–290;

  the Inca the representative of the sun, 260;

  unlimited power of, 260;

  the moon the mythic mother of the dynasty, 262

  INTI-HUASI. Building sacred to the sun in Peruvian villages, 308

  INTIHUATANA. Inca device for marking the date of the sun-festivals, 265

  INTIP RAYMI (Great Feast of the Sun). Peruvian festival, 267, 311–312

  INTIPAMPA (Field of the Sun). Garden in which the Coricancha of Cuzco stood, 260–261

  IPALNEMOHUANI (He by whom Men Live). Mexican name of the sun-god, 97

  IQI-BALAM (Tiger of the Moon). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230

  IRMA. District in Peru; local creation-myth of, 258–259

  ITZAES. A warlike race, founders of Chichen-Itza, 153

  ITZAMAL. Maya city-state in Yucatan, 8, 152, 154;

  ruins at, 187–188

  ITZAMNA. Maya moon-god, father of gods and men, tutelar of the west, 170;

  founder of the state of Itzamal, 152;

  God D probably is, 173;

  the temple of, at Itzamal, 187;

  called also Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand), 187;

  the gigantic image of, at Itzamal, 188

  IX. A minor Maya deity, 170

  IX CHEBEL YAX. Maya goddess; identified with Virgin Mary by Hernandez, 170

  IX CH’EL. Maya goddess of medicine, 170

  IXCOATL. Mexican king, 35

  IXCUINAME. Mexican goddesses of carnal things, 108

  IXTLILTON (The Little Black One). Mexican god of medicine and healing, 112;

  called brother of Macuilxochitl, 112

  IXTLILXOCHITL, DON FERNANDO DE ALVA. Mexican chronicler, 11, 46;

  account of the early Toltec migrations, 11, 12;

  and myths of the Toltecs, 13;

  reference to the Teo-Amoxtli, 45;

  his Historia Chichimeca and Relaciones, 46, 58;

  his value as historian, 46;

  legend of the creation related by, 119–120

  IZIMIN CHAC. The image of Cortés’ horse, 195

  IZPUZTEQUE. Demon in the Mexican Other-world, 38

  IZTACMIXCOHUATL. Father of Quetzalcoatl, 79

  J

  JAGUAR-SNAKE. Mixtec deer-goddess; in creation-myth, 120

  JALISCO. Mexican province; cliff-dwellings in, 24, 25

  K

  KABAH. Maya city; ruins at, 190–191

  KAB-UL (The Miraculous Hand). Name given to Itzamna, 187

  KAKCHIQUEL dialect, 145

  KAKCHIQUELS. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157–159;

  and the episode of the defeat of Cay Hun-Apu, 159

  “KAMUCU” (We see). The song of the Kiche at the first appearance of the sun, and at death of the first men, 232

  KAN. A minor Maya deity, 170

  KANIKILAK. Indian deity, 83, 84

  KI PIXAB (Corner of the Earth). Name given by the Kiche to their land of origin, 254

  KICHE. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157–159;

  their rulers supreme in Guatemala, 158;

  their story of the creation as related
in the Popol Vuh, 209;

  origin of, as related in the Popol Vuh, 229–230;

  fond of ceremonial dances and chants, 238

  KICHE (or QUICHE) dialect, 145, 209;

  the Popol Vuh originally written in, 207, 209

  “KINGDOM OF THE GREAT SNAKE.” Semi-historical Maya empire, 144

  KINICH-AHAU (Lord of the Face of the Sun). Same as Arara and Kinich-Kakmo. Sun-god of the Maya of Yucatan, tutelar of the north, 170

  KINICH-KAKMO (Sun-bird).

  I. Same as Kinich-ahau, which see.

  II. The pyramid of, ruin at Itzamal, 187

  KLAPROTH, H. J. VON. And the Fu Sang fallacy, 3

  KNUC (Palace of Owls). Ruin at Aké, 186

  KUICATECS. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24;

  a medium through which Maya civilisation filtered to the north, 147

  KUKULCAN. Maya form of Quetzalcoatl, 83, 167;

  regarded as King of Mayapan, 152

  KUMSNÖOTL. God of the Salish Indians, 83

  L

  LAMACAZTON (Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood, 116

  LANDA, BISHOP. And the Maya alphabet, 161;

  discovers the Maya numeral system, 165

  “LANDS OF THE SUN.” Name given to Inca territories, 308

  LANGUAGE. Mexican or Nahuan, 42–43, 342;

  Mayan, 161, 342;

  Peruvian, 342

  LE PLONGEON, DR. AUGUSTUS. His theories as to the Maya, 239;

  and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239;

  his story of Queen Móo, 239–247

  LEGUICANO, MANCIO SERRA DE. And the golden plate from the Coricancha, 262

  LIYOBAA. Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa, 204

  LIZANA, FATHER. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8

  LLAMA. Importance of, among the Incas, 268

  LLOQUE YUPANQUI. The third Inca, 283

  LORILLARD. Maya city; architectural remains found at, 195

  M

  MACUILXOCHITL (or XOCHIPILLI) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming, 103;

  Ixtlilton called brother of, 112

  MADOC. The legend of, 5, 6

  MAHACUTAH (The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230

  MAIZE-GODS. Mexican, 85–91;

  Peruvian, 295

  MALLINALCAS. Aztec tribe, 233

  MAMA OULLO HUACA. Wife of Manco Ccapac, 256

  MAMA-COCHA (Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea, 306

  MAMACOTA. Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao, 298

  MAMACUNA. Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru, 313

  MAMAPACHA (or PACHAMAMA). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303

  MAMAS (Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru, 295

  MAMES. District in Guatemala, 158

  MAN OF THE SUN. Quetzalcoatl as, 81;

  other conceptions of, 83

  MANCO. The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle, 302–303

  MANCO CCAPAC.

  I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians, 255–256;

  a legend in connection with, 256.

  II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing, 282, 283;

  regarded as son of the sun, 306;

  a myth of, 320–321

  MANI. Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius, 155

  MANNIKINS. In the Kiche story of the creation related in the Popol Vuh, 209–210

  MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS. On Inca architecture, 269

  MATLATZINCAS. Aztec tribe, 233

  MAXTLA.

  I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl, 125–128.

  II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess, 130

  MAYA. The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples, 1, 143;

  their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin, 1;

  theory as to Toltec relationship, 143;

  sphere of the civilisation, 144;

  the nucleus of the civilisation, 144–145, 149;

  the dialects, 145;

  origin of the race, 145;

  their civilisation self-developed, 143, 146;

  blood and cultural relationships with Nahua, 146–147;

  efforts at expansion, 147–148;

  climatic influence on the civilisation and religion, 148;

  sources of their history, 148–149;

  division of the aristocratic and labouring classes, 150;

  influence of the Nahua invasions, 151;

  cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples, 151;

  the Yucatec race, 151–152;

  incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience, 152;

  the race in Guatemala, 157;

  the writing system, 159–166;

  the manuscripts, 160–161;

  the numeral system, 165;

  the mythology, 166–169, 207–247;

  the calendar, 38, 39, 169;

  the pantheon, 168, 170–177;

  architecture, 178–198;

  relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua, 166;

  Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to, 239

  MAYAPAN. City-state in Yucatan, 152;

  rises into prominence, 153, 155;

  overthrown by allies, 156

  MAYTA CCAPAC. The fourth Inca, 283

  MEAHŬAN, MOUNT. In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix, 216

  MEDICINE-MEN. Account of the methods of, among Peruvians, 314–315

  METZTLI (or YOHUALTICITL) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon, 106;

  in myth of Nanahuatl, 93, 106

  MEXICATL TEOHUATZIN (Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood, 116

  MEXICO.

  I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan, 26, 47;

  origin of the name, 73;

  said to have been founded by Acolhuans, 26;

  Huitzilopochtli and, 28, 73;

  legends of the foundation of, 28–29;

  at the period of the conquest, 29–30;

  the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala, 48.

  II. The state; the civilisation of, 1, 9;

  possibly reached by early Norsemen, 5

  MEXICO-TENOCHTITLAN. Native name of city of Mexico, 29

  MEXITLI (Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli, 74

  MICTECACIUATL. Wife of Mictlan, 96

  MICTLAN (or MICTLANTECUTLI) (Lord of Hades).

  I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld, 37, 76, 95–96;

  God A probably identical with, 173.

  II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with, 198.

  III. Village mentioned by Torquemada, 199

  MIGRATION MYTHS. Probably reflect actual migrations, 234–235

  MITLA. Maya city, 31, 144;

  ruins at, 197–198;

  identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades, 198;

  description of, by Father Torquemada, 199;

  description of, by Father Burgoa, 199–206

  MIXCOATL (Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase, 110–111;

  Camaxtli identified with, 111

  MIXE. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24

  MIXTECA. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;

  creation-myth of, 120–121;

  a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north, 147

  MOCHE. Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at, 271

  MOHANES (or AGOREROS). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles, 297–298, 314

  MONENEQUE (The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 67

  MONTEZUMA II. Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned, 35, 44;

  and the coming of Cortés, 7;

  in the story of Tlalhuicole, 136–137;

  in the story of Princess Papan, 139–142

  MÓO, QUEEN. The story of, 239–247

  MOON, THE. Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty, 262;

  temple of
, at Cuzco, 261–262;

  wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276

  MULUC. A minor Maya deity, 170

  MUMMIFICATION. Among the Peruvians, 262–264

  N

  NADAILLAC, MARQUIS DE. Account of the use of quipos, 278–279

  NAHUA (Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race, 9;

  civilisation, features in, and character of, 9, 146, 148;

  compared with Oriental peoples, 10;

  meaning of the name, 10;

  place of origin, 10–11;

  route of migrations to Mexico, 12;

  theory of Toltec influence upon, 22;

  and cliff-dwellers, 24–25;

  territories occupied by, 25;

  writing system of, 34–35;

  calendric system of, 38–41;

  language of, 42–43;

  science of, 43;

  form of government, 43–44;

  domestic life of, 44–45;

  distribution of the component tribes, 47;

  authentic history of the nation, 48–53;

  religion, 54;

  Tezcatlipoca and, 67;

  influence of the Maya civilisation upon, 147;

  culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions, 148;

  invade Maya territory, 150–151;

  influence Maya cleavage, 151;

  in the Maya conflict in Guatemala, 159;

  the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya, 166;

  difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian, 307–308

  NAHUATLATOLLI. The Nahua tongue, 25

  NANAHUATL (Poor Leper) (or NANAUATZIN). Mexican god of skin diseases, 93;

  the myth of, 93;

  Xolotl probably identical with, 93

  NANAUATZIN. Same as Nanahuatl, which see

  NANIHEHECATL. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84

  NATA. The Mexican Noah, 122–123

  NAUHOLLIN (The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies, 99

  NAUHYOTL. Toltec ruler of Colhuacan, 20

  NEMONTEMI (unlucky days). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40

  NENA. Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah, 122–123

  NEXIUHILPILITZTLI (binding of years). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40

  NEXTEPEHUA. Fiend in the Mexican Other-world, 38

  NEZAHUALCOYOTL (Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of, 125–128;

  his enlightened rule, 128;

  as a poet, 128;

  his theology, 128;

  and his son’s offence, 129;

  his palace, 132;

  his villa of Tezcotzinco, 133–136

  NEZAHUALPILLI (The Hungry Chief).

  I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66.

  II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime, 129–132;