Cleveland, Grover, 130, 158, 222
Clinton, Bill
anomalies in impeachment of, 136–138
approval ratings of, 102, 144–145
Congressional party control and, 145–146
effects of impeachment of, xviii, 101–103, 108, 148, 128–129, 175–178, 181, 193–194, 214
House impeachment proceedings, 21, 87–89, 98, 128–131
independent counsel investigation, 21, 128–130, 148
My Life, 101–102, 145–146
obstruction of justice and, 21, 103, 129
perjury and, 21
personal life, 97, 97–98, 101–103, 128, 134
Senate trial and acquittal, xiii, xvi, 35, 69–71, 80, 131–136, 144
Whitewater controversy, 128
Clinton, Hillary, 59, 192, 233
impeachment talk and, 185–186
Cold War, 74, 175
Collusion, 31, 58–61, 188
Colonial America, 3, 7, 46
Comey, James, 61, 188
Confirmation bias, 203–204
Conflicts of interest
Emoluments Clauses, 5, 33, 66–68
impeachment process, 131–132
Congress, 109–150
Bush (George H. W.) and, 172–173
Bush (George W.) and, 179–180
Clinton (Bill) and, 175–176
Framers and, 8–12, 14, 40–41
gridlock and paralysis, 17, 81–82, 208
House’s role in impeachment, xvii–xviii, 11, 77–80, 83, 108, 112–117, 126–131, 137, 198–199
impeachment talk and, 151–152, 155–168, 172, 175–176, 179–180, 182–184, 190–193
midterm elections, 20, 155–156, 179, 183–184, 190–192, 195, 238
Obama and, 182–184
Reagan and, 170–172
regular order, 207
response to Burr–Hamilton incident, 43–44
Senate’s role in impeachment, xvii–xviii, 11–12, 25–26, 77–78, 80, 90–94, 106, 108, 112–116, 123–127, 131–141, 198–199
Trump and, 190–193
See also House of Representatives; Senate
Conspiracy, 31, 44, 194
fantastical thinking in U.S. politics, xix, 233–236
with foreign powers, 5, 30–31, 59
to influence outcome of U.S. elections, 59
to obstruct justice, 22, 39, 61
Conspiracy theories, 160, 185, 204, 211, 225, 227
Constitution of the United States
Appointments Clause, 76
Bill of Attainder Clause, 10, 46–47, 85
Currency Clause, 40
Double Jeopardy Clause, 47
Due Process Clause, 135
Emoluments Clauses, 5, 33, 66–67, 186, 186
Equal Protection Clause, 65, 109–110
Fifth Amendment, 40, 47
Free Exercise Clause, 65
Free Speech Clause, 65
Impeachment Clauses, 27–29, 32–33, 36–38, 40–41, 46–49, 56, 62, 77–78, 103, 221, 231, 237
Interstate Extradition Clause, 40
Law of Nations Clause, 40
Oath of Office Clause, 133
originalism and, 3, 9, 14–16, 27–29, 36–37, 39, 41–42, 45, 54, 77–81, 95, 109–112, 139, 237, 239
Pardon Clause, 47
Rules and Expulsion Clause, 11, 85
Seventeenth Amendment, 117–118
Speech and Debate Clause, 83, 85
supermajority voting rules, 106, 125–127
Treason Clause, 29–31
Trial of Impeachment Clause, 77–78
Twelfth Amendment, 110, 132
Twenty-Fifth Amendment, 6, 126, 200, 221–232
Twenty-Second Amendment, 19
Constitutional Convention, 1–16
Congress’s role in impeachment, 112–116, 122, 124–127, 150
discretion of Congress for impeachment, 77–78
Electoral College, 1–2, 4–5, 33, 116, 118–119
impeachable offenses, 26, 36–41, 45–49, 59–60, 66
limits on impeachment, 14
New Jersey Plan, 115
splitting impeachment, 116–117
supermajority voting rule, 125
Supreme Court, 122–123
Virginia Plan, 114
Constitutional law and interpretation, 109–112, 133
Impeachment Clause and, 34–36
Conyers, John, 178
Cook, Charlie, 204
Corasaniti, Nick, 183
Corker, Bob, 225
Corruption, 105–106, 149, 156, 170, 180, 185
Emoluments Clauses, 66–68
Framers and, 2, 4–8, 45, 60, 121–124
impeachable offenses, 22, 25, 33–36, 38–39, 41–42, 45, 52, 59–68, 98–99, 140
Trump and, 68, 185, 219–220
Cover-ups, 22, 57, 61, 73, 148
Cox, Archibald, 143
Craig, Greg, 138
Cruz, Ted, 212
Cyberattacks, 30–31, 119
Cyberwarfare, 31, 99
Davie, William, 4–5
Dearborn, Henry, 151–152
Declaration of Independence, 7
“Deep state,” 65, 192
Defamation, 212
Democracy
bribery and, 32–33
culture, 23, 106, 139, 219, 232
demagogues and, 22, 65, 99, 199, 219
Framers’ distrust of, 120–121
impeachment power and, xiii–xiv, xviii–xxii, 3, 28, 62, 89, 97, 99–100, 105–106, 195, 197, 214–221, 228–237, 239–241
institutions, xiii, 65, 69, 99, 106, 147, 169, 209–215, 219
norms of presidential conduct, xi, xiii, 23, 34, 187, 232
parliamentary systems, 7, 18–19, 28, 40, 102, 114
public understanding of and confidence in, 198–200, 209–210, 231–232, 237
threats to, 200–214
Trump and, 189, 195, 210–214, 219–221, 224–237, 240
truth and, 210–213
Twenty-Fifth Amendment and, 221–228, 230–231
Dereliction of duty, 4, 36, 46, 50, 71. See also Failure to protect the United States
Deus Ex Machina Clause, 28–29, 234
Dickey, Jay, 145–146
Dickinson, John, 115, 125
Dingley, Nelson, Jr., 158
Ditko, Steve, 16
Doar, John, xxi–xxii, 130
Douglas, William O., 25–26, 169
Douthat, Ross, 203, 225–226
Drutman, Lee, 203, 208
Dreamers, 182, 188
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 17, 169, 174, 222
Ejusdem generis, 38
Election fraud, 5, 59
Electoral College, 1–2, 4–5, 33, 110, 116, 118–119, 154, 157
Emoluments, 5
Domestic Emoluments Clause, 66
Foreign Emoluments Clause, 33, 65–66
as impeachable offenses, 65–68
Trump and, xxi, 66–68, 186, 219
Ex post facto laws, 41
Extraordinary rendition, 178
Facebook, 153, 233
Fake news, 105, 204–205, 211
Farenthold, Blake, 182
Failure to protect the United States, 50, 59, 69, 99, 133, 183, 188
Farrell, John A., 101, 146
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 25, 39, 57, 61–62, 65, 160, 188, 192
Federalism, xiii, 49, 111
Federalist, 13
Federalist No. 65, 46, 105, 114, 122–124
Federalist No. 66, 116–117
Federalist No. 69, 7
Federalist No. 78, 123
Feerick, John D., 227
Feingold, Russ, 179
Feldman, Noah, 63
Filter bubbles, 203–204
Flynn, Michael, 64
Flynt, Larry, 190
Foa, Roberto, 209
Fontana, David, 207
Foreign influence, 3, 5, 8, 30–32, 58–61, 66–68, 95, 187–188, 192
Ford, Gerald, 10
3, 174
choice for vice president, 149–150
impeachment hearings against Justice Douglas, 25–26, 68
pardon of Nixon by, 72, 122, 170
Fox News, 149, 189–190, 205, 211, 227
Framers. See individuals; Constitutional Convention
Franklin, Benjamin
on majority rule, 125
on presidential impeachment, 1–4, 6–7, 23
Frum, David, 205, 219–220
Gag rule, 136
Gans, David, 76
Garfield, James, 222
Garland, Merrick, 75–76
Garner, Bryan A., 38
Gates, Robert, 172
George III of England, 7, 155, 160
Gerhardt, Michael, 10, 20
Gerken, Heather, 208
Gerry, Elbridge, 4, 6, 36
Gerrymandering, 15, 82, 119, 206
Gessen, Masha, 187, 212
Gholson, James, 151–152
Gingrich, Newt, 206
Godwin, Mike, 215–216
Godwin’s law, 215–216
Goldberg, Michelle, 178
Goldsmith, Jack, 84
Goldwater, Barry, 147–148
Gonzalez, Henry B., 172–173, 175
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 74
Gordon-Reed, Annette, 54
Gorsuch, Neil, 75–76, 234
Gorton, Slade, 135–136
Grand juries, 78–79
Grant, Ulysses S., 156–158
Grunwald, Michael, 232
Gulf War, 172–173
Gunitsky, Seva, 67
Hacking. See Cyberattacks
Haidt, Jonathan, 205
Haig, Alexander, 101, 148
Hamilton (musical), 43
Hamilton, Alexander, 80, 115, 120, 212–213
duel with Burr, 43–44
Federalist No. 65, 46, 105, 114, 122–124
Federalist No. 66, 116–117
Federalist No. 69, 7
Federalist No. 78, 123
Hamilton, Lee, 73–74
Harkin, Tom, 80
Harris, John F., 145
Harrison, William Henry, 19
Hart, Peter, 143
Hastings, Alcee, 44
Hastings, Warren, 45–46
Hayes, Rutherford B., 157
Healy, Robert, 146–147
Heclo, Hugh, 176–177
Herring, George, 159
Hickenlooper, Bourke, 166
High Crimes and Misdemeanors, xi, xv–xvii, 10, 26–49
constitutional law and, 34–36
criminality and, 44–53
decision to impeach and, 95–100
ex post facto laws and, 41
federal criminal law and, 48–50
impeachment process and, 106, 108, 117–118, 121, 126, 129–131, 137–138, 144, 148
impeachment talk and, 157, 167, 187–189, 192–193
“maladministration” and, 36–37, 39, 56, 65
mosaic theory of, 56–57
original understanding of, 34–37, 41, 45, 117
specification in articles of impeachment, 53–57
state criminal law and, 49–50
Hoffer, Peter Charles, 3
Hoover, Herbert, 130, 160–161
Hoover, J. Edgar, 25
House of Representatives
Judiciary Committee, 22, 44, 57–58, 63, 65, 128–130, 171, 175, 180–181
role in impeachment, xvii–xviii, 11, 77–80, 83, 108, 112–117, 126–131, 137, 198–199
Twenty-Fifth Amendment and, 223–224, 231
Howard, Milford, 158
Hull, N. E. H., 3
Hulse, Carl, 180
Humphries, Rusty, 183
Hungate, William L., 147
Hyde Henry, 98, 129
Hyperpartisanship. See Partisanship
Igo, Sarah, 142–143
Impeachable offenses
bribery, 27, 31–34, 36–39, 42, 44–46, 49
Ford on, 25–26
Framers and, 26, 36–41, 45–49, 59–60, 66
intent and, 39
“maladministration,” 36–37, 39, 56, 65
pardons, 50, 60–61, 63–64
treason, 27, 20–31, 34, 36–40, 45–46
See also High Crimes and Misdemeanors; Pardons; Treason; Trump, Donald J.
Impeachment
assassination and, 1, 13, 23–24
Congressional partisanship and institutionalism and, 147–148
Congressional political party control and, 145–147
Congressional procedures for initiating and adjudicating, 127–138
consequences of conviction, 12
counter-intuitive dynamics of, xx
discretion of Congress, xvii, 41, 70–81, 89–90, 107, 122–123, 135, 138
in England, 2–3, 114
Franklin on, 1–4, 6–7, 23
future trends, 214–221
House Judiciary Committee and, xxi–xxii, 22, 44, 57–58, 63, 65, 128–130, 171, 175
House of Representatives and, xvii–xviii, 11, 77–80, 83, 108, 112–117, 126–131, 137, 198–199
impartiality and, 138–142
importance on public understanding of, 198–200, 231–241
limitations on, 10–11
line of succession and, 149–150
normalization of, 94, 97–99, 178–185, 193–195
presidential popularity and, 144–145
president’s relationship with party leaders and, 146
public opinion and, 142–144, 216–217, 220, 231–236
risks of impeaching too quickly, 91–95
risks of impeaching too slowly, 95–100
“Roman Coliseum” analysis of, xiv–xvi
rule of wrongdoing, 10, 27–28, 39, 60, 74, 79, 92–93, 97–98, 104, 146
Senate and, xvii–xviii, 11–12, 25–26, 77–78, 80, 90–94, 106, 108, 112–116, 123–127, 131–141, 198–199
standard of proof, 137–138
state constitutions and, 27
Supreme Court and, 26, 115–116, 121–123
unavoidable risks, 100–102
Impeachment articles and proceedings
against Archbald (judge), 45
against Blount (senator), 11
against Bush (George W.), 180
against Chase (Supreme Court justice), 44, 89
against Clinton (Bill), 21, 35, 69–71, 80, 87–89, 98, 128–138, 144
against Hastings (judge), 44
against Johnson, xiii, 35, 53–57, 95–96, 128–132, 136, 142, 144–145
against Nixon, xiii, 22, 35, 44, 57–58, 62–63, 65, 129–130, 173–174
against Ritter (judge), 45
against Trump, 191
Impeachment talk, 151–196
Adams (John) and, 155
beneficial consequences of, 181–182, 193–194, 220–221, 238–239
Bush (George H. W.) and, 172–174
Bush (George W.) and, xviii, 130, 178–184, 195, 215, 217, 236
Carter and, 170, 174
Cleveland and, 158
Clinton (Bill) and, 175–178
Clinton (Hillary) and, 185–186
Cold War era and, 173–175
early history of, 151–156
Ford and, 170, 174
Grant and, 156–158
harmful consequences of, 194–195, 220, 238–239
Hoover and, 160–161
Jackson (Andrew) and, 155, 174
Jefferson and, 151–152, 154–155
Johnson (Andrew) and, 155–156, 162, 168, 174
normalization of, 94, 97–99, 178–185, 193–195
Obama and, xviii, 153, 182–184, 195, 215, 217, 236
presidential election of 2016 and, 184–186
Reagan and, 170–172, 173–175
saturation of U.S. politics with, 194–196
Supreme Court justices and, 169
Truman and, 162–169, 173–174
Trump and, 26, 30, 107–108, 130, 153, 178, 184–195
Tyler and, 152,
155, 174
Washington and, 154–155
Wilson and, xviii, 158–160
See also Impeachment articles and proceedings
Incompetence, 2, 39, 54, 163, 187, 227
Incapacity, 6, 10, 19, 220–231
Independent judiciary, 21, 58, 64, 74, 92, 121, 128–130, 192, 219, 235
Inouye, Daniel, 73, 172
Iran-Contra Affair, 72–74, 144, 146–148, 171–175
Iraq War, 31, 178, 180
Iredell, James, 117
Irwin, Neil, 184
Issa, Darrell, 182
Jackson, Andrew, 35, 86, 155, 174
Jackson, Robert, 82–83, 168
Jay, John, 154
Jay Treaty, 154
Jefferson, Thomas, 84
Burr and, 132
on impeachment, 155
Jay Treaty and, 154
Louisiana Purchase, 16
on “needless official apparel” of judges, 88
resolution for impeachment of, 35, 151–152
Jenner, William E., 164
Johnson, Andrew, 89
House impeachment proceedings, xiii, 35, 53–57, 95–96, 128–132, 136, 142, 144–145
legacy of impeachment of, 102–103, 155–156
pardon of former Confederates by, 16
Senate trial and acquittal of, xiii, 35, 54, 96
Tenure of Office Act and, 53–55
Johnson, Hiram, 159
Johnson, Lyndon B., 169, 174
Jordan, Vernon, Jr., 134
Judicial appointments, 4
Judicial nominations, 20, 25, 62, 75–76, 117, 121–122, 234
Judicial review, 17, 165–168
Kalt, Brian, 230
Kennedy, John F., 169, 174, 212, 222
Kim Jong-un, 188
Kirkpatrick, David, 179
Klarman, Michael, 8, 118–119, 120
Klein, Ezra, xiv, 85, 189
Kleptocracy, 22, 34, 67–68, 187, 219
Koch, Edward, 171
Korea. See North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 31, 162–163, 168
Kucinich, Dennis, 180–181
Kushner, Jared, 64
Kyl, John, 182
Kyvig, David, 153
Labovitz, John, 56
Larson, Carlton, 31
Lee, Stan, 16
Legislation, 31–32, 50, 55, 67, 72, 76–77, 82, 106, 119, 128–130, 180, 191
Lend-Lease Act, 71–72
Lewinsky, Monica, 97, 128, 134
Lewis, Anthony, 73
Lieberman, Joseph, 135–136
Lies, 59, 65, 69, 73, 92, 147–148, 181, 188, 210–212
Limbaugh, Rush, 179, 181
Lincoln, Abraham, 16, 53, 149, 156, 241
Lincoln, Benjamin, 151–152
Lithwick, Dahlia, 235
Locke, John: Second Treatise of Government, 125
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 159
Louis XIV of France, 5
Louisiana Purchase, 16
Loyalty, 202–203, 217, 229, 236, 239
bribery and, 33
Congress and, 145
constitutional safeguards and, 33, 66
impeachment and, 160
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