by Kim Wagner
racialised violence (i), (ii)
and sense of crisis (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
use of exemplary punishment (i), (ii)
violence on frontiers (i)
British colonial administration
dependence on local intermediaries (i), (ii)
Indian belief in rational character of (i)
reaction to 10 April riots (i)
view of protests against Rowlatt Act (i)
British Indian Army
1/124th Baluchis (i)
2/6th Royal Sussex Regiment (i), (ii)
2/151st Infantry (i)
9th Gurkhas (i), (ii), (iii)
11th Lancers (i)
25th London Regiment (London Cyclists Battalion) (i), (ii), (iii)
54th Sikh Frontier Force (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
59th Scinde Rifles (i), (ii), (iii)
and 1907 instability (i)
garrison in Amritsar (i), (ii)
Punjabi soldiers in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Sikhs in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
see also Royal Garrison Artillery; Somerset Light Infantry
Buchan, John, Greenmantle (i)
Bugga (Chaudhri Bugga Mal) (i), (ii)
and aftermath of 10 April (i)
arrest (12 April) (i)
and extension of hartal (i)
and Hall Bridge crowds (i), (ii)
Burma (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v),
see also Orwell, George
Burton, F.H., Deputy Commissioner (i), (ii), (iii)
Callwell, C.E., Small Wars (i), (ii), (iii)
Cameron, David, Prime Minister (i), (ii), (iii)
Candler, Edmund (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Abdication (1922) (i), (ii)
carpet factories, Amritsar (i)
Carson, Sir Edward, defence of Dyer (i), (ii)
casualties, civilians shot at Amritsar 10–13 April 1919
accepted estimates (i), (ii)
disputes over numbers (i)
Dyer’s estimate of (i), (ii)
at Hall Bridge (i), (ii), (iii)
identification of (i), (ii)
treatment of wounded (i)
Cawnpore, Mutiny memorial (i)
censorship, press (i), (ii)
see also Horniman, Benjaman
Chamberlain, Austen (i)
Chartered Bank, attack on (i)
Chelmsford, Lord, Viceroy (i), (ii), (iii)
and crisis in Punjab (i)
Gandhi’s letter to (i)
and Hunter Committee (i)
reports of casualties (i)
and resignation of Dyer (i)
and Rowlatt Act (i)
see also Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Churchill, Winston, speech on Amritsar (i), (ii), (iii)
Clarke, Major F.A.S. (i)
Cleveland, Sir C.R., Director of Central Intelligence (i)
collective punishments
after massacre (i)
crawling order (i), (ii), (iii)
floggings (i), (ii), (iii)
Indian Uprising (1857) (i)
orders to salaam (i)
see also exemplary punishment
communications
with Lahore (i)
telegraph wires cut (i)
compensation (i)
Congress Punjab Inquiry (i), (ii), (iii)
Indian nationalists’ inquiry (i)
report (February 1920) (i)
visit to Jallianwala Bagh (i), (ii)
Connor, F.A., Extra Assistant Commissioner (i), (ii)
and Hall Bridge riot (i)
conspiracy
10 April riots attributed to (i)
dismissal of (i), (ii)
presumption of (i), (ii), (iii)
Cooper, Frederick, Indian Uprising (i), (ii), (iii)
Cowan, J.L., Deputy Commissioner (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Craik, H.D., Deputy Secretary, Home Department (i)
Crampton, Captain Gerry (i), (ii), (iii)
Crane, Walter (i)
Criminal Procedure Code, section 144, on public order (i)
Criminal Tribes Act (1871) (i)
curfew
imposition (12 April) (i)
and recovery of wounded (i), (ii)
Curzon, Lord, Viceroy (i), (ii)
Daily Mail, Dyer interview (i)
Daily News, The, cartoon (i)
Danda Fauj (‘Bludgeon Army’, Lahore) (i)
Darling, Malcolm (i)
letter to Forster (i)
Darwin, John (i)
Das Bhati, Dr Ishar (i)
Das, Dr Devi (i)
Datta, S.K., secretary of YMCA (i)
Davies, Sir Robert Henry, Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab (1872) (i)
Daya Ram Suri, Lala (i)
Defence of India Act (1915) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
and Rowlatt Act (i)
Defence of the Realm Act (1915) (i)
Delhi
hartal (i)
Hunter Committee and (i)
unrest (i)
deportations
of Benjamin Horniman (i)
of Kitchlew and Satyapal (i), (ii), (iii)
of Rai and Singh (1907) (i), (ii), (iii)
of Bahadur Shah (1858) (i)
of Ram Singh (1872) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
petition (faryad) against (i)
Dhaber, Mr, and Hall Bridge riot (i), (ii)
Dharamsala (i), (ii)
Dickie, Lt, at Hall Bridge (i), (ii)
Din, Mian Feroz (i)
Dina Nath, Satyagraha leader, editor of Waqt (i), (ii)
Draper, Alfred, The Massacre That Ended the Raj (i)
Duni Chand, L. (i)
Durga Das, editor of Waqt newspaper (i)
‘dyarchy’ system (i)
Dyer, General Reginald (i), (ii), (iii)
actions at Jallianwala Bagh (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Anglo-Indian support for (i), (ii), (iii)
arrival in Amritsar (i)
British support for (i), (ii), (iii)
and crawling order (i)
and de facto imposition of martial law (i)
decision to take command at Amritsar (i)
evidence to Hunter Committee (i), (ii)
fear of loss of face (i)
fund for (i)
Hunter Committee (Gandhi film) (i), (ii)
Hunter Committee (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
minority report criticism of (i)
report criticism of (i)
initiation as Sikh (i)
and Irving (i), (ii), (iii)
and July 1920 Commons debate (i), (ii)
and July 1920 Lords debate (i)
and logic of exemplary force (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Montagu’s criticism (i)
obituary (i)
official defence of (i), (ii)
order to cease fire (i)
order to open fire (i)
order to open fire (Gandhi film) (i)
permission for burials (i), (ii)
press campaign to clear name (i)
presumption of rebellion (12 April) (i), (ii)
procession into Amritsar (12 April) (i), (ii), (iii)
proclamations (12 April) (i), (ii), (iii)
Punjab Inquiry report on (i)
reports on massacre (i), (ii)
resignation (i), (ii)
return to England (i)
speech at Town Hall (14 April) (i)
strike force (13 April) (i), (ii)
illness and death (i)
tour of countryside (late April) (i)
view of Jalliawala Bagh meeting (i), (ii), (iii)
visit to Miss Sherwood (i)
Dyer, Ivon (i)
Dyer, Mrs (i)
Easdon, Dr Isabel Mary (i)
attack on (i), (ii)
East India Company (i), (ii)
economy, effect of First World War on (i)
Egypt (i)
electr
icity supplies (i), (ii)
Elizabeth II, Queen (i)
The Englishman newspaper (i), (ii)
European Club, at Amritsar (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
exemplary force (i)
disproportional violence (i)
logic of (i), (ii), (iii)
see also military doctrine
exemplary punishment (i), (ii)
see also collective punishments
Fateh Khan, Malik, Naib Tahsildar (i), (ii)
Ferguson, Niall (i), (ii)
Finlay, Viscount (i)
First World War (i), (ii), (iii)
and colonial violence (i)
effect on Amritsar (i)
Mesopotamia campaign (i)
Fisher, Alfred Hugh (i)
floggings, punishment after massacre (i), (ii)
Forster, E.M. (i), (ii)
A Passage to India (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
‘My Debt to India’ (BBC 1942) (i)
and the Wathens (i), (ii)
Forsyth, T.D., Superintendent (i), (ii)
Fox, Edward (i)
funerals
after 10 April riot (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
after massacre (i), (ii), (iii)
Gandhi (1982 film) (i)
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) (i), (ii)
and Andrews (i)
arrest (i)
barred from Punjab (i), (ii)
civil disobedience campaign (i), (ii), (iii)
and Congress Punjab Inquiry (i)
Defence of India Act (i)
on Dyer (i), (ii), (iii)
and hartal (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
invoked in 10 April riot (i), (ii)
and Jallianwala Bagh memorial (i)
and Montagu’s reforms (i)
potential deportation (i), (ii)
and Punjab (i), (ii)
rumours about (i)
and Satyagrapha movement (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and violence in Delhi (i)
withdrawal of loyalty to British Government (i)
George V, King (i)
royal amnesty (i)
Germany (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
and anti-colonial revolutionaries (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and Belgium (i), (ii)
British antipathy towards (i)
colonial reputation (i), (ii), (iii)
depiction of massacre (i)
Ghadar party (i), (ii)
conspiracy (1915) (i)
Gholam Jilani, Moulvi (i)
Ghulam Ali (i)
Ghulam Hussain, wrestler (i)
Gian Chand, Lala (i), (ii), (iii)
Girdhari Lal, factory manager (i), (ii)
account of massacre (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
and Dyer’s procession (i)
and Jallianwala Bagh meeting (i), (ii), (iii)
on martial law (i)
Golden Temple (Darbar Sahib) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Dyer at (i)
Gopinath (i)
Government of India Act (1919) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
see also Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Govindgarh Fort, Amritsar (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
retreat of Europeans to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Griffith, Alfred (i)
Gurbaksh Rai, Dr (i)
Gwynne, C.W. (i)
Hans Raj (i), (ii)
and 6 April hartal (i)
as activist (i), (ii)
as ‘approver’ (i)
and attack on banks (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
and attack on Town Hall (i)
and deportation of Kitchlew and Satyapal (i)
and evidence for prosecutions (i)
and Jallianwala Bagh meeting (i), (ii), (iii)
as joint secretary of Satyagraha Sabha (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and Kitchlew (i), (ii), (iii)
at massacre (i), (ii), (iii)
and Rowlatt protests (i)
Hari Saran, Lala, broker (i)
hartal (strike) (i)
6 April (i)
10 April (i)
30 March (i)
ending (i)
extension to 11 April (i)
Hassan, Sadiq (i)
Hindu Sabha Club (i)
Hindu–Muslim unity (i), (ii)
6 April hartal (i)
and 10 April riot (i)
at funerals (11 April) (i)
Ram Naumi festival (i)
Home Rule Leagues (i), (ii), (iii)
Horniman, Benjamin, editor of Bombay Chronicle (i)
House of Commons
debate on Amritsar (December 1919) (i)
debate (July 1920) (i)
House of Lords, debate (July 1920) (i)
Howgego, Sergeant R.M. (i), (ii), (iii)
Hudson, Lieutenant-General Sir Havelock (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Hukam Chand (i)
Hunter Committee (Disorders Inquiry Committee), Lahore (November 1919) (i)
Anglo-Indian view of (i)
Dyer and (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
in Gandhi film (i), (ii), (iii)
Indian members (i)
minority report by Indian members (i)
reports (i)
reaches Britain (i)
Hunter, Lord (i), (ii), (iii)
Ibbetson, Denzil, Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab (i)
Ilbert Bill (1880s) (i)
Imperial Legislative Council, September meetings (i)
Indemnity Bill (September 1919) (i)
CID (Criminal Investigation Department)
and informants (i)
presence in Jallianwala Bagh (i)
and protest meetings (i)
Indian Uprising (1857) (i), (ii), (iii)
fiftieth anniversary (i)
influence on colonial policy (i)
memories of (i)
punishments (i)
reaction to (i)
retribution at Cawnpore (i)
see also ‘Mutiny’
Indian National Congress (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Indian National Congress Punjab Sub-committee see Congress Punjab Inquiry
Indian nationalism
British view of (i)
rise of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
influenza pandemic (i)
Ireland
crisis (i), (ii)
Easter Rising (i), (ii)
Irving, Miles, Deputy Commissioner (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
account of massacre (i), (ii), (iii)
and Congress investigations (i), (ii)
and crawling order (i)
and defence of Civil Lines (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and deportation of Kitchlew and Satyapal (i)
and Dyer (i), (ii), (iii)
and faryad (i), (ii), (iii)
fears of unrest (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and Hunter Committee (i)
letter to Lahore (i), (ii)
and massacre (i), (ii), (iii)
and O’Dwyer (i)
official warnings of use of force (i), (ii), (iii)
and Ram Naumi festival (i)
surveillance of Kitchlew and Satyapal (i)
return to Fort (i), (ii)
on rumours about Rowlatt Act (i)
Irving, Mrs (i)
Jai Ram Singh, Satyagraha volunteer (i)
Jallianwala Bagh (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi),
accounts of massacre and aftermath (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
bodies in well (i), (ii)
bullet-holes in walls (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
call for meeting, 13 April (i), (ii)
David Cameron visit (i)
Dyer’s actions (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
legacy (i)
‘Martyrs’ Gallery’ (i)
‘Martyrs’ Well’ (i)
meetings
30 March (i), (ii)
6 April (i)
10 April (i), (ii)
memorial park (i)
numbers dead (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
plaque (i)
post-massacre photographs (i), (ii), (iii)
Queen Elizabeth II visit (i)
reaction to arrival of Dyer’s force (i)
resolutions against Rowlatt Act (i), (ii)
riots, 10 April (i)
samadhi (temple) (i)
shrine (i)
tourists at (i), (ii)
James, Lawrence (i)
Jarman, P.E., Municipal Engineer (i), (ii), (iii)
Jayakat, M.R., and Punjab Inquiry report (i)
Jilani, Moulvi Gholam, imam (i)
Jowahar Lal, CID detective (i)
interrogations (i), (ii)
see also CID
Joynson-Hicks, Sir William (i)
Jubilee Hospital (i)
Jullundur (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Kahan Chand, blind beggar (i)
Kanhyalal, High Court pleader (i), (ii)
Karam Chand, Lala (i), (ii), (iii)
Kasur, bombing of rioters (i)
see also Royal Air Force
Kaye, John W. (i)
Kenya, Mau Mau (i), (ii)
Khair Din (i)
Khalsa College (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Khan, Sadiq, Mayor of London (i)
Khan, Sultan Ahmed, Hunter Committee minority report (i)
Khem Singh (character in Kipling’s ‘On the City Wall’) (i)
Khilafat movement (Muslim) (i)
see also Muslims
Khushal Singh (i), (ii)
Kidar Nath, Dr (i), (ii), (iii)
King’s Evidence, use of (i)
see also ‘approvers’
Kipling, Rudyard (i), (ii)
and Dyer (i), (ii)
‘The Enlightenment of Pagett, M.P.’ 9Kim (i)
‘On the City Wall’ (i)
Kitchener, Lord (i)
Kitchin, A.J.W., Commissioner of Lahore (i), (ii)
arrival at Amritsar (10 April) (i), (ii)
and Dyer (i), (ii)
and martial law (i)
and military response to unrest (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
on rumours about Rowlatt Act (i)
and rumours of rebellion (i)
Kitchlew, Dr Saifuddin (i)
and Congress Punjab Inquiry (i)
deportation order on (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and hartal (i)
and local grievances (i)
order to refrain from political activity (i)
on prosecutions (i)
released (i)
and Rowlatt protests (i), (ii)
sentenced for conspiracy (i)
surveillance of (i)
Kuka outbreak(1872) (i), (ii)
Kotu Mal, Pandit (i), (ii)
kotwali (central police station, Amritsar) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
arrests (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and attack on Town Hall (i)
Kucha Kaurianwala street, Amritsar (i)
flogging post (i), (ii)
order to crawl along (i), (ii), (iii)