What Every American Should Know About Europe
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Kamprad, Ingvar, 247, 257
Karamanlis, Konstandinos, 209, 221, 224
Karl I, Holy Roman Emperor, 199
Kaye, Danny, 232, 238
Kepler, Johannes, 39, 236, 287, 346
Kertész, Imre, 313
Khrushchev, Nikita, 303–304
Kierkegaard, Søren, 240–241
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 201, 369, 370
Kjaersgaard, Pia, 196, 234, 240, 244
Klaipeda, Lithuania, 343–344
Klaus, Vaclav, 351, 353, 358–359
Klima, Ivan, 349
Klimt, Gustav, 191, 208
Knights Hospitallers (Knights of Malta), 394–395, 397, 399–400
Knights Templar, 384
Kohl, Helmut, 42, 56
Köhler, Horst, 37, 55
Kosinski, Jerzy, 296
Krakow, Poland, 293–294, 297
Kristallnacht, 49
Kronborg Castle (Denmark), 238
Kun, Béla, 309, 314
Kundera, Milan, 349
Kwasniewski, Aleksander, 292
Laar, Mart, 318, 326, 329
Laibach, 376–377
Lancaster, Duke of, 160
Landsbergis, Vytautas, 338, 344–345
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 142
Latvia, 251, 277, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 322, 339, 343 (see also Baltic States)
current leaders/famous people of, 334–335
famous places and landmarks of, 333–334
fast facts about, 330–331
overview of, 331–333
Lawrence, T. E., 73
League of Nations, 27, 203
Lebedeva, Alina, 335
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 182
Leonardo da Vinci, 94
Leopold I, King of Belgium, 112
Leopold II, King of Belgium, 112, 113
Leo X, Pope, 44
Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 15, 35–36, 194
Le Pen, Marine, 36
Lepper, Andrzej, 284–285
Liechtenstein, 269, 270
Limassol, Cyprus, 388
Lindgren, Astrid, 258
Lindh, Anna, 250, 254, 257
Lingys, Vitas, 339
Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), 247
Lisbon, Portugal, 154, 164–165, 169
Liszt, Franz, 313–314
Lithuania, 277, 286, 287, 306, 315, 316, 317–318, 319, 320, 322, 331 (see also Baltic States)
current leaders/famous people of, 344–345
famous places and landmarks of, 343–344
fast facts about, 336–337
history of, 340–343
overview of, 337–340
World War II and, 341, 343
Livingstone, David, 68
Livingstone, Ken, 63, 84–85
Ljubljana, Slovenia, 367, 368, 369–370, 372, 373, 375–376, 377
Ljungström, Fredrik, 247
Loch Ness (Scotland), 80
London, England, 57, 59, 62, 70, 79
London Stock Exchange, 60
Lorenzo the Magnificent, 95
Louis XIV, King of France, 18, 301
Louis XV, King of France, 18
Louis XVI, King of France, 18, 19, 20
Ludwig, King of Bavaria, 54–55
Lüger, Karl, 203
Luther, Martin, 44, 179
Luxembourg, 3, 16, 27, 34, 110, 112, 118, 183, 199, 226
current leaders/famous people of, 274
economy of, 271
famous places and landmarks of, 273–274
fast facts about, 268–269
history of, 272–273
overview of, 269–272
World War I and, 272, 273
World War II and, 49, 114, 272–273
Luxembourg, Belgium, 269, 270
Luxembourg City, 268, 270, 273–274
Maastricht, the Netherlands, 185
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 94
Madrid, Spain, 132, 135, 136–137, 145, 146, 147, 148–149, 153
Mafia, 88, 89, 90, 99, 100
Magellan, Ferdinand, 141–142
Magritte, René, 23, 116
Makarios, Archbishop, 385, 387, 389
Malmö, Sweden, 238, 243–244, 248, 255
Malta, 68, 277, 325
current leaders/famous people of, 399–400
famous places and landmarks of, 398–399
fast facts about, 390–391
history of, 393–397
overview of, 391–393
World War II and, 392–393
Mamula, Branko, 372
Mankell, Henning, 257
Mann, Thomas, 344
Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark, 230, 239, 256
Maria, Queen of Portugal, 166
Maria Theresa, Archduchess, 199
Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, 200
Marseille, France, 34
Marshall Plan, 4, 11, 40, 77, 98, 147, 184, 393, 395
Martin, Hans-Peter, 197, 207
Marx, Karl, 39
Mary, Queen of Scots, 66
al-Masri, Abu Hamza, 63
Mauthausen, 204
Mazel, Zvi, 258
Mazzei, Filippo, 95–96
McAleese, Mary, 117, 129
Mdina, Malta, 398
Meciar, Vladimir, 362–363
Médecins Sans Frontières, 36
Medici family, 94, 95
Meri, Lennart, 326
Merkel, Angela, 37, 42, 55
Mezzogiorno, Italy, 100
Michel, Louis, 195
Michelangelo Buonarroti, 94, 101
Milano, Italy, 99
Milosevic, Slobodan, 173, 185, 212, 374
Mintoff, Dom, 395–397
Mitchell, George, 128
Mitterrand, François, 11, 28, 31
Møller, Christmas, 236
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 320, 322, 338
Moniz, Egas, 170
Monnet, Jean, 27
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, 19
Monument for the Murdered Jews of Europe (Germany), 53
Moodysson, Lukas, 258
Moravia, 354, 357
Morel, Edmund Dene, 113
Moro, Aldo, 99
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 191, 192, 206, 207
Mussolini, Alessandra, 103
Mussolini, Benito, 88, 96, 97–98, 103, 146, 220
Myrdal, Gunnar and Alva, 252, 253
Nagy, Imre, 304, 309
Napoleon Bonaparte, 10, 20–21, 22, 25, 32, 33, 45, 69, 96, 112, 143, 144, 166, 183, 198, 199, 200, 219, 251, 370, 395
Napoleon II, 200
Napoleon III, 22–23, 46
Napolitano, Giorgio, 86
National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA), 386, 387, 389
NATO, 4, 11, 16, 29, 51, 61, 77, 99, 100, 103, 105, 107, 110, 111, 114, 133, 168, 222, 229, 233, 254, 263, 265, 273, 281, 282, 306, 311, 315, 316, 317, 318, 323, 351, 355, 357, 358, 362, 368, 374, 383, 386, 396, 397, 398
Neo-Nazis, 12, 56, 62, 64, 72, 197, 248, 249, 250, 257, 274, 284, 295
Nero, 92
Netherlands, 3, 27, 48, 105, 110, 111, 112, 138, 143, 199, 226, 272, 325
current leaders/famous people of, 185–189
drugs and, 172
famous places and landmarks of, 184–185
fast facts about, 171–172
history of, 178–184
overview of, 172–178
religious clashes, 2004, 174
spice trade and, 180–181
World War I and, 183
World War II and, 49, 176, 183–184
Neuschwanstein, 55
New Collectivism, 371–372, 376
New Europe, countries of, 277
Newton, Sir Isaac, 85
Nicosia, Cyprus, 378, 380, 386
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 38, 46, 97
Nihoul, Jean-Michel, 108
Nobel, Alfred, 227, 244–245
Nooteboom, Cees, 188
Norén, Lars, 258
Northern Ireland, 58, 74, 79, 1
20, 121, 125, 126, 127, 129 (see also United Kingdom)
Norway, 49, 226, 227, 228, 229, 235, 251, 252, 256, 257 (see also Scandinavia)
Nuremberg, Germany, 55
Nuremberg Trials, 50
Old Europe, countries of, 3
Olympic Games, history of, 212
Olympic Games, Munich, 52, 256
Onassis family, 225
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 39
Opus Dei, 138–139, 148, 296
Orbán, Viktor, 303, 304–306
Oresund Bridge, 238, 239, 243–244
Ottoman Empire, 73, 182, 198, 209, 210, 218, 219, 280, 302, 306, 312, 379, 384, 385, 395, 400
Pafos, Cyprus, 387
Palacio, Ana, 137
Palang, Lithuania, 344
Palestine, 73–74, 217
Palme, Olof, 247, 253–254
Papadopoulos, Tassos, 378, 388
Papandreou, Andreas, 221–222
Papandreou, George, 221
Papandreou, George, Junior, 224
Papoulias, Karolos, 209, 213, 224
Paris, France, 7, 10, 11, 32–33, 273
Paris Peace Conference/Peace Talks, 201, 320, 341, 362
Parker Bowles, Camilla, 83
Pärnu, Estonia, 328
Paroubek, Jiri, 353
Parsley Island, Spain, 150
Parthenon, 211, 218
Patton, George S., 273, 274
Pazzi family, 95
Pecs, Hungary, 312
Peierles, Rudolf, 39
Peloponnesian War, 216
Père Lachaise Cemetery (France), 33
Pericles, 211, 215
Perón, Juan, 147
Persia, 73, 93, 215, 216, 228
Persson, Göran, 243, 248, 249, 254, 256–257
Pessoa, Fernando, 170
Pétain, Philippe, 25–26
Petric, Ernest, 373
Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 82
Philip II, King of Spain, 142, 148, 159, 163, 179
Philip II of Macedon, 216
Picasso, Pablo, 24, 147, 152
Pilsudski, Jozef, 287–288, 341
Piran Bay, Slovenia, 376
Pizarro, Francisco, 141
Planck, Max, 39
Plastic People of the Universe, 350
Plato, 214
Plecnik, Joze, 377
Poland, 45, 49, 77, 139, 201, 277, 311, 317, 318, 320, 337, 339, 341, 342
current leaders/famous people of, 295–298
economy of, 281, 292–293
EU funding and, 281, 295
famous places and landmarks of, 293–295
fast facts about, 279–280
history of, 285–293
overview of, 280–285
U.S. and, 281–282, 285
World War I and, 287
World War II and, 288–289, 295
Polanski, Roman, 297
Polo, Marco, 93, 161
Pombal, Marquěs de,165–166
Pompidou, Georges, 30
Ponce de León, 141
Porto, Portugal, 166, 169
Portugal, 3, 67, 141, 142, 149, 178–179, 278
Age of Discovery/Portuguese Empire, 161–164
current leaders/famous people of, 170
economy of, 157–158
EU funding and, 156, 157
famous places and landmarks of, 169–170
fast facts about, 154–155
history of, 159–169
Lisbon earthquake/tsunami of 1755, 164–165
overview of, 155–159
World War II and, 156, 168
PotrČ, Marjetica, 377
Powell, Colin, 111
Prague Castle, 356, 357
Prague, Czech Republic, 346, 347, 350, 351, 353, 355, 356, 357, 377
Prague Spring, 290, 348–349, 366
Preseren, France, 377
Princip, Gavrilo, 201
Prodi, Romano, 86, 88, 89, 102
Proust, Marcel, 24
Provence, France, 34
Provenzano, Bernardo “The Tractor,” 90
Prussia, 23, 45–46, 54, 200, 235, 287, 293
Ptolemy, 140, 161, 215, 287
Puglia, Italy, 100
Putin, Vladimir, 306, 365, 375
Pythagoras, 215
al-Qaeda, 63, 136
Racaille, La, 13–14
Rajoy, Mariano, 138
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 67–68
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 230, 234, 239
Rasmussen, Poul Nyrop, 234
Rau, Johannes, 43
Rausing, Ruben, 247
Red Army Faction, 52
Red Brigades, 99
Rembrandt, 183
Rembrandthuis (the Netherlands), 185
Renaissance, 18, 90, 93–94, 98, 100, 214
Rheticus, 286
Rhine, 54
Rhodes, Cecil, 71, 72
Rice, Condoleezza, 11, 42, 66
Richard the Lionheart, 384
Riga, Latvia, 317, 330, 331–333
Rinkeby, Sweden, 255
Robinson, Mary, 118, 121, 129, 130
Rock of Gibraltar, 143, 149
Rohancska Vahay, Slovakia, 365
Romania, 291, 302, 304, 305, 308, 310, 369
Romans/Roman Empire, 3, 66, 91–92, 123, 139, 140, 212, 217, 374, 379, 384, 394
Rome, Italy, 86, 92, 99, 116, 273
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 11, 26, 29, 50, 393
Rossellini, Roberto, 101, 257
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 176–177, 185
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 18, 19
Rovaniemi, Finland, 266
Royal, Ségolène, 35
Royal Dutch/Shell, 188
Rubens, Peter Paul, 116, 183
Rudbeck, Olof, 247
Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor, 199
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 199, 236, 346
Rumsfeld, Donald, 5, 111, 137
Russian Mafia/mob, 208, 306, 312
Rüütel, Arnold, 324, 328
Rydzyk, Father Tadeusz, 283
Saaremaa, Estonia, 328
Saladin, 394
Salazar, António de Oliveira, 156, 167–168
Salzburg, Austria, 192, 206
Sant, Alfred, 397
Santana Lopes, Pedro, 157
Santer, Jacques, 271
Sappho, 215
Saramago, José, 170
Sarek (Sweden), 243
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 15, 35
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 29
Savonarola, 95
Scandinavia, 226–229 (see also Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden)
Schröder, Gerhard, 16, 42–43, 51, 55, 56
Schuschnigg, Chancellor, 203
Schüssel, Wolfgang, 190, 195, 207
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 111
Scientologists, 56
Scotland, 58, 66, 70–71, 74, 80 (see also United Kingdom)
Sebastião, King of Portugal, 158–159, 163, 167
Sellafield (United Kingdom), 80
Sendivogius, Michel, 297
Serbia, 47, 200, 201, 212, 302, 308, 373, 375
Seville, Spain, 140, 142, 146, 150
Seyss-Inquart, Artur von, 203
Sharon, Ariel, 111, 258
Sibelius, Jean, 267
Sica, Vittorio de, 101
Sicily, Italy, 100, 142, 215, 393
Siegefroid, Count of Ardennes, 272, 274
Silva, Anibal Cavaco, 155
Simenon, Georges, 116
Sinn Féin, 120, 126, 127, 128
Slovakia/Slovak Republic, 200, 277, 302, 306, 308, 351–352, 358, 368
current leaders/famous people of, 365–366
economy of, 363, 369
famous places and landmarks of, 365
fast facts about, 360–361
overview of, 361–365
U.S. and, 362–363
World War II and, 364
Slovenia, 93, 200, 277, 278, 363, 365
current leaders/famous people of, 376–377
economy of, 369
fast facts about, 367–368
history of, 370–375
overview of, 368–370
U.S. and, 374
World War I and, 371
World War II and, 370, 371, 372
Smeltere, Asnate, 333
Smith, Adam, 83
Socrates, 214
Sócrates, José, 155, 157, 170
Solana, Javier, 133
Solyom, Laszlo, 299, 313
Sommerlath, Silvia, 256
Soomaa National Park (Estonia), 328
Sophocles, 215
Sorensen, Ronald, 177
Soviet Union/Russia, 5, 11, 21, 29, 47, 50–51, 77, 146, 204, 218, 219, 228, 251, 277–278, 281, 289, 296, 316, 368, 376, 381, 384, 397
Baltic States and, 315–319, 319–323, 324, 325, 326–327, 330, 332–333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342–343, 344
Czechoslovakia and, 347–350, 352
Finland and, 229, 259, 261, 263, 264–265
Hungary and, 302, 303–304, 306, 309, 310–311
Poland and, 280, 281, 282, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290–291
Spain, 3, 15, 20, 88, 93, 103, 116, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 178–179, 278, 394
bombings of March 2004, 135–136, 136–137
civil war, 146, 152
colonies of, 67, 141–142, 144
current leaders/famous people of, 133–134, 151–153
economy of, 139, 147, 148
EU funding and, 139
exploration and, 141–142
famous places and landmarks of, 148–150
fast facts about, 132–133
history of, 139–148
overview of, 133–139
U.S. and, 144
War of Independence, 143–144
World War I and, 147
World War II and, 147
Spanish-American War, 144
Spanish Armada, 67, 142
Spanish Civil War, 146, 152
Spanish Inquisition, 111, 112, 141, 144, 179
Spanish War of Independence, 143–144
Sparta, Greece, 214, 215–216
Spice Islands, 162, 179–180
Spidla, Vladimir, 356
Spínola, António de, 168
Srebrenica, Bosnia, massacre at, 184
Stalin, Joseph, 29, 50, 289, 303, 320, 370, 371, 376
Stark, Freya, 73
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 83
St. Germain, Treaty of, 202
Stockholm, Sweden, 242, 243, 244, 248, 254–255
Stoiber, Edmund, 55–56
Strauss, Johann, 191, 192, 208
Straw, Jack, 66
Strindberg, August, 257