Pagans and Christians in the City
Page 55
Cantor, Norman, 53, 177, 178, 206
Catholicism, 13, 62, 87, 156, 202, 208, 219, 243, 255, 263, 266, 307, 366
Catholic-Protestant-Jew (Herberg), 262
Cato the Younger, 60
Catullus, 53, 184
Chesterton, G. K., 81, 254, 376
Christendom, 12, 193, 195, 212, 219, 296, 337
Christianity
and alienation from the world, 113–16, 223, 347
altered conception of the sacred, 109–13
asserted spiritual superiority, 187–88
and civic allegiance, 136–39
and community, 178–79
and concern for poor, 206
eternal life as ultimate good, 118–21, 147, 186–91, 347, 372
and goods, 118–21
and human rights, 206
and individual dignity, 206
intolerance, 204–5
and LGBT movement, 105–7
and nature, 116–18
as not “reasonable,” 151–53, 363
as paradigm shift and revolution, 102–3, 129
persecuted, 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 130–57
persistence of, 230–32
political dualism, 125–29
proposed terms of peaceful coexistence, 137–38
radically different from paganism, 103–8, 110–29
“resident aliens,” 127, 136, 347
revolution in sexual morality, 121–25
rumors of cannibalism and incest in, 5
“Christian nation,” 260, 281, 296, 303
Chrysostom, Dio, 76, 77, 106
Chuvin, Pierre, 129
Cicero, 51, 53, 60, 63, 65, 79, 80, 89, 90, 98–101, 109, 110, 144, 145, 180, 211, 244
City of God (Augustine), 143, 192
civic fideism, 89, 94, 96, 99, 100
civil religion, 261–64, 353
Clinton, Bill, 310, 316
community
in early Christianity, 178–79,
modern yearning for, 347–52
Confessions of a Born-Again Pagan (Kronman), 256–57
Confessions of Saint Augustine, 45, 119, 190, 192, 256
consecration, association with the sacred, 36–41, 78, 80, 81
consequentialism, 225–26
Constantine, 124, 156, 158, 161, 165–67, 171–73, 175, 311
Constantius, 167, 168, 172–75, 268, 311
constitution
agnostic, 295–97
as framework for governance, 296
instrument for advancing pagan agenda, 297–300
contraception, symbolic significance of, 291–93
Cotta, Gaius Aurelius, 90–100, 180
Cottingham, John, 26
creationism, 153
crusades, 206, 214
Culture Wars (Hunter), 263, 266
Cumont, Franz, 177
Dawkins, Richard, 241–43, 370
death
modern problem of, 39–40
pagan and Christian attitudes toward, 183–87, 372–75
Decian, 164
desecration, 41, 139, 145, 146, 277, 278
dignity, human, 214, 253, 286
injuries to, 146–49, 361–63
Diocletian, 146, 164, 179, 192
“disenchantment of the world,” 39, 223, 237
Dodds, E. R., 160, 161, 183
Douthat, Ross, 247, 248
Durkheim, Émile, 46, 217
Dworkin, Ronald, 14, 18, 232–49, 252, 255, 256, 259, 279, 280, 320, 335, 351, 353, 367, 369–71, 374
Eagleton, Terry, 24, 25, 27, 247
Eberle, Christopher, 335
Eberstadt, Mary, 286–87
Edict of Milan, 165
Edwards, Jonathan, 212
Ehrenreich, Barbara, 14, 240, 241, 245, 246, 368
Einstein, Albert, 237, 246, 280
Eliade, Mircea, 33, 38, 42, 44, 236
Eliot, T. S., 8–16, 82, 86, 159, 193, 195, 215, 216, 244, 248, 255, 258, 295, 344, 346, 378, 379
Employment Division v. Smith, 309–10
Enlightenment, the, 50, 56, 135, 146, 198, 205, 208, 209, 210, 215, 345, 355
Enoch, David, 335
Erasmus, Desiderius, 86
Eusebius, 133, 138, 150, 167, 179
evil, nature of, 94, 113, 116, 119, 143, 163, 371
evolution, 36, 153, 225, 231, 235, 241
existential orientations, 14, 189–92, 251, 346
Father Brown, 376
Felix, Minucius, 148, 149
Ferry, Luc, 30, 186, 207, 222, 252, 368, 375
Flew, Antony, 25, 26
Fox, Robin Lane, 55, 67, 80, 147, 183, 197
Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, 132, 143
Francis, Saint, 117, 203
Frankl, Viktor, 20–24, 28, 31, 44, 167, 229, 236, 268, 297, 372, 373
freedom of conscience, 328–33
Freeman, Charles, 205
Freud, Sigmund, 28, 30n61, 210, 271
Friessen, Steven, 139
Frisch, Max, 39, 40
Full Circle: How the Classical World Came Back to Us (Mount), 245
Gaca, Kathy, 71
Galen, 71
Gardner, Martin, 243
Garnett, Richard, 312n48
Gay, Peter, 208–10, 355
gender roles in Roman society, 51, 75, 76, 77, 148, 289
Gibbon, Edward, 4, 5, 11, 50–52, 55–62, 66, 78, 80, 86, 89, 95, 98, 99, 113, 135, 136, 141–46, 149, 151, 159, 160, 162, 163, 167–75, 179, 180, 182, 187, 191, 201, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211, 345, 352, 357, 363, 365, 374, 375
God’s Century (Toft, Philpott, and Shah), 230
golden age of Roman history, 51–62, 208, 345
Gould, Stephen Jay, 97
Gratian, 168, 176, 268
Gray, John, 228, 253, 254
“Great Persecution,” 133, 146, 164–65, 172, 258
Griswold v. Connecticut, 289
Habermas, Jürgen, 39, 40
Hadrian, 50, 74
Hare, R. M., 25, 26
Harper, Kyle, 71, 78, 82, 206, 282, 284, 287
Harris, Sam, 14, 239, 240, 243
Hart, David Bentley, 213
Hawking, Stephen, 228, 252
Hegel, G. W. F., 376
Heine, Heinrich, 198, 199, 204
Herberg, Will, 262, 296
Heschel, Abraham, 31–33, 37, 41, 93, 112, 114, 115, 236
Hick, John, 100
Hirschl, Ran, 231
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 271, 358
holy, 33–36, 40, 41, 48, 80, 98, 224
Holy Trinity Church v. United States, 260, 281
homelessness, sense of, 346–47, 367
Homer, 53, 54, 64, 66, 74, 79, 80, 145, 183–86, 190, 211, 238, 345
Hopkins, Keith, 69, 73, 102, 103, 142, 148, 152, 162, 191
Horwitz, Paul, 291nn140–41, 307
human personhood, conceptions of, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 29, 43, 45, 46, 48
Hume, David, 50, 86, 180, 205, 209, 226, 363
Hunter, James Davison, 263–66
Idea of a Christian Society, The (Eliot), 8–10
“image of liberty,” 50, 59–62, 80
Imagined Communities (Anderson), 174, 176, 265
Inquisition, the, 206, 209, 214, 378
interest-seeking conception of personhood, 17–21, 226, 349
James, William, 29, 30, 34, 37, 40, 41, 43, 46–48
Jefferson, Thomas, 268, 298, 312, 313, 322, 326, 329, 331, 337
Jesus, 30, 47, 48, 107, 131, 136, 140, 143, 147, 150–52, 181, 202, 213, 243, 270, 307, 310, 311, 313, 338, 349
Jews and Judaism, 4, 13, 31, 51, 58, 104, 108, 110–12, 115, 131, 141, 152, 162, 181, 210, 215, 216, 248, 255, 257, 263, 276, 359, 360, 371
Johnson, Paul, 200, 203
Julian, Emperor, 81, 168–72, 175, 187, 266, 268, 365
Justinian, 124, 125, 192, 193, 206
Juvenal, 55, 56
Kant, Immanuel, 135, 226–28, 333
Kirsch, Jonathan, 4, 205
Koppel, Ross, 20
7, 209
Koppelman, Andrew, 364
Kronman, Anthony, 256, 257, 259
Lactantius, 88, 109, 133, 144, 152, 164, 165, 180, 188
law
and Christians, 3–7, 17, 50, 53
Roman, 61, 80
Lawrence v. Texas, 290
“law unto himself,” 323–27
Laycock, Douglas, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 301, 302, 317, 360
Lerner, Max, 271
Lewis, C. S. 10, 11, 13, 35, 36
Lincoln, Abraham, 263, 275, 315, 322, 356
Livy, 53, 64, 65, 68, 84
Lucian, 86
Maclure, Jocelyn, 220
MacMullen, Ramsey, 4, 5, 67, 86, 87, 88, 160, 161, 196, 197, 204, 205
Madison, James, 61, 312–14, 322, 326, 329, 331, 337, 338
Malcolm, Norman, 96, 100
manliness, ethic of, 74, 75, 123, 283, 289
Marcus Aurelius, 62, 90, 116, 137, 153, 184, 185, 189
Mark Antony, 60
Markus, Robert, 165
marriage, 6, 7, 13, 75, 76, 77, 121, 122, 125, 144, 183, 193, 213, 264, 274, 275, 281–85, 290–94, 298–301, 307, 308, 317, 336, 337, 339–44, 354, 359–62, 366
Martyr, Justin, 118, 134, 137, 140, 144
Marx, Karl, 209, 375
Mascall, E. L., 37, 45, 113, 184, 376, 377
McConnell, Michael, 329, 338
McGrath, Alister, 231
meaning of life, 20–30, 34, 36, 37, 371, 373
Medici, Lorenzo de, 50, 203, 204, 213
Meeks, Wayne, 107
Memories Pizza, 317, 360
Mencken, H. L., 209,
metanarrative, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37
Mill, John Stuart, 39, 209, 217, 364
Mirandola, Pico Della, 200, 202, 203
Montesquieu, 61
moral conventionalism, 233, 238
moral realism, 234, 238
Moses, 30, 31, 268
Mount, Ferdinand, 11, 245, 246, 288
Murdoch, Adrian, 170
mythology, Greek and Roman, 10, 32, 66, 80, 177, 180
Nagel, Thomas, 46, 309, 348, 349
natural world (nature), 96, 113, 116, 222
Nauert, Charles, 201, 202
Nero, 61, 65, 132, 134
Newton, Isaac, 221
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 209
“nones,” 242–43, 245, 259
nonoverlapping magisteria, 97
North, J. A., 63, 83, 86, 87, 357
Obama, Barack, 344
Octavius, 59, 60, 148, 149
O’Donnell, James, 99, 111, 218
Oedipus, 19, 185, 191
On the Nature of the Gods (Cicero), 89–99
ontological argument, 91–94, 219
Origen, 92, 133, 144, 150, 181, 182
Otto, Rudolf, 33, 37, 41, 236
paganism
defeat of, by Christianity, 159–92
enduring incidents of, 195–96
as an existential orientation, 210–12
and immanent religiosity, 194, 210–13, 215, 216, 218, 223, 224, 230, 236–38, 241–49, 255–59, 266–68, 276, 278–82, 284, 295, 299–300, 303, 315, 316, 326, 328, 334, 335, 343
modern, 8, 11, 13, 16, 82, 86, 159, 193, 208, 216, 230, 244–48, 253, 255, 256, 259, 295, 299, 344–47, 352, 353, 355–57, 360, 363, 364, 366–68, 370, 371, 374, 377
as pejorative term, 11, 104n8
persecution of Christians, 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 130–57
persistence of, in Western imagination, 197–204
philosophical version of, 94, 99, 100, 244, 245, 368, 369, 371
proposed terms of coexistence, 150–54
radically different from Christianity, 103–8, 110–29
tenacity of pagan faith, 99–101
varieties of, in ancient Rome, 88–89
Paley, William, 92
pantheism, 91, 144, 150, 179, 182, 197, 246, 369
Pascal, Blaise, 44
pax deorum, 145
Percy, Walker, 346, 367
Perry, Michael, 28n51, 336n122
Philo of Alexandria, 56
philosophical (comprehensive) secularism, 219–22
Plato, 53, 122, 147, 179, 180, 182, 304, 369
Pliny the Elder, 58, 59
Pliny the Younger, 1–7, 14, 52, 130, 134, 139, 142, 149, 301
political secularism, 219–22
politics of symbolism, 172–76
Polybius, 62, 63, 79
Porphyry, 99, 151, 182, 369
Posner, Richard, 17, 18, 20, 45
“progressive” conception of history, 12–13
prostitution, in the Roman sexual economy, 77–78
Protagoras, 90, 147
public reason, 334–36, 350–51, 353, 356
purpose/meaning of life, 20–30, 34, 36, 37, 371, 373
Putnam, Robert, 57, 161
Rahner, Karl, 255
rational choice theory, 17, 18, 40, 235
Rawls, John, 17, 18, 84, 137, 138, 151, 219, 275, 334, 335, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 355, 356, 363
reenchantment, 237–41
religious atheism, 235–39, 241–43
religious freedom
American version of, 313–14
Christian pedigree, 310–14
establishment argument, 319
equality argument, 320–21
and freedom of conscience, 328–33
Indiana controversy, 317–18
as microcosm of cultural struggle, 302–3
opposition to, 316–18
as requirement of accommodation, 304–10
as symbol of community oriented to transcendence, 314–15
theological justifications for, 312–13
Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 310, 316
Renaissance, the, 199–204
Reynolds v. United States, 307–9, 323, 325
Roe v. Wade, 290
Roman Empire, 3, 4, 50–81, 86, 102, 106, 134–38, 153, 154, 159, 177, 178, 194, 205, 206, 363
romantic poets, and paganism, 198–99
Rome, sack of/fall of, 143, 144, 195
Ruden, Sarah, 74, 78
Russell, Bertrand, 224, 229, 230, 238, 251, 375, 377
Sacks, Jonathan, 28, 29, 31, 231, 236, 372
sacred
and awe, 30–33, 39, 41, 79, 93, 168, 210, 236, 237, 242
and beauty, 31, 32, 35, 37, 38, 40, 42, 64, 74, 80, 82, 91, 93, 94, 101, 115–17, 183, 184, 189–91, 194, 198, 200, 236–38, 240–45, 345, 367, 369, 370
as immanent, 111–13, 126, 146, 159, 189–94, 253, 303, 332, 333
as transcendent, 111, 376, 377, 378, 379
same-sex marriage, 6, 7, 12, 13, 264, 274, 282, 290, 293, 294, 301, 317, 336, 339, 340–44, 359–62
Savonarola, 203, 212, 213
Scheid, John, 70, 119, 125
Second Inaugural Address (Lincoln), 263, 275, 356
secularism, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 39, 41, 44
comprehensive vs. political, 219–23
contemporary varieties of, 249–52
as façade, 218–19, 253
and modern science, 221–22
and paganism, 217–57
as product of “wars of religion,” 219–20
self-mastery, 75
Seneca, 32, 89
sexual morality
in ancient Rome, 71–78, 121–22, 206, 282–84
Christian revolution in, 121–25
struggle over, in contemporary culture wars, 7, 282–94
sexual revolution, 285–89
Shagan, Ethan, 155
Shaw, George Bernard, 253
slavery, in the Roman sexual economy, 77
Smith, Graeme, 207
Socrates, 85
Sophocles, 19, 185, 191
Sorkin, David, 210
Stace, Walter, 225, 229, 238, 251, 377
Stark, Rodney, 55, 156, 209
Stolzenberg, Nomi, 250, 251
Stone, Geoffrey, 294, 299
Strathern, Paul, 200, 203, 204
Strauss, Leo, 95, 9
8, 201
Stroumsa, Guy, 102–4, 108, 109, 119, 129
Stylites, Simeon, 47, 115
sublimity, 31–41, 46, 80, 81, 101, 114, 117, 183, 189, 190, 200, 211, 236–38, 241, 247, 347, 367–70
substantive due process, 298
Suetonius, 66, 77, 78
symbols, public and religious
in ancient Rome, 172–76
in contemporary culture wars, 267–82
Symmachus, 174, 176, 266, 268, 355
Tacitus, 53, 132
Taylor, Charles, 12, 217, 220, 250, 337
Tertullian, 1, 3–5, 7, 11, 106, 130, 131, 137, 139, 144, 146, 149, 150, 258, 301
Texas v. Johnson, 277
Theodosius, 163, 172, 173, 192
Thomas Aquinas, 100, 337
Tiberius, 61, 65, 150
tolerance
in contemporary cultural conflicts, 357–65
of Romans, 4, 135, 154–57
Tolstoy, Leo, 21, 22, 25, 30, 38, 372, 374
tradition, and community, 355–57
Trajan, 1, 2, 3, 50, 61
transcendent religiosity, 111, 112, 113, 115, 126, 128, 147, 182, 190, 195, 207, 211, 215, 216, 218, 223, 230, 232, 239, 243, 245, 248, 253, 258, 261, 263, 266, 276, 278, 279–84, 300, 303, 310, 313–16, 322, 323, 325–43, 346–48, 350, 351, 355, 356, 364, 368–79
Tripolitis, Antonia, 177
Troy, fall of, 63–65, 185
Trump, Donald, 345
Tushnet, Mark, 344–45, 365–66
two kingdoms idea, 338
United States Civil Rights Commission, 354
Valerian, 164
Varro, Marcus, 88–90, 182, 194, 333, 353
Veyne, Paul, 83, 97, 98, 101, 166, 179, 187, 188
Virgil, 51, 53, 63, 64, 81, 117, 145, 184, 211
Voltaire, 50, 86, 91, 208, 363
Wallis, R. T., 182, 369
Watts, Edward, 69, 158, 168, 170, 173–75
Weber, Max, 39, 217, 223, 236, 251, 347
Weinberg, Steven, 373
West, Robin, 349–52
Wilken, Robert, 83, 138, 152
Williams, Roger, 47, 305, 312
Wilson, A. N., 39
Wilson, E. O., 224, 230
Winter, Bruce, 139, 141
Wisdom, John, 26, 27, 372–75
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 29, 96, 98, 100, 108, 376
Wolf, Susan, 21–24, 27, 28, 229, 367, 372
worship, 2, 10, 19, 32, 39, 47, 63, 65, 67, 69, 80, 82, 86, 92, 95, 98, 99, 106, 112, 113, 116, 117, 127, 128, 139, 140, 148, 152–55, 167, 172, 174, 176, 180, 182, 183, 193, 196, 198, 201, 237, 244, 258, 339, 369
Xenophanes, 112
TITLES PUBLISHED IN
EMORY UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN LAW AND RELIGION
Harold J. Berman, Faith and Order: The Reconciliation of Law and Religion (1993)
Stephen J. Graybill, Rediscovering the Natural Law in Reformed Theological Ethics (2006)
Johannes Heckel, Lex Charitatis: A Juristic Disquisition on Law in the Theology of Martin Luther (2010)