Washington's Immortals
Page 48
380 “so poor and . . . small Bag.” Pension application of George Dias, NARA.
380 “unable to do . . . one plow.” Pension application of Thomas Carney, NARA.
381 “was often heard . . . Maryland Regiment.” Field, The Battle of Long Island.
381 “the bones of . . . military order.” U.S. National Park Service Historical Orientation Report for Archaeological Investigation, Marylanders’ Burial Site, Brooklyn, NY, Appendix.
Index
All page numbers refer to the print edition of WAshington’s Immortals. Please use the search feature on your reader to locate the text that corresponds to the index entries below.
abatis, 73, 206, 207, 209, 217, 225
Adams, John, 14, 117, 190, 372
African Americans, 19–20, 337, 341, 380
African Corps, 299
Agamemnon, 10–11
Albany, N.Y., 169
Albany Hospital, 222
Alexander, Robert, 131
Allaire, Anthony, 261, 266
Allegheny Mountains, 241
Allen, Ethan, 97
Allen, Jacob, 149
American Crisis, The, 110
American Revolution:
early Patriot victories in, 33–34
evolving style of, 86
funding of, 162, 239
as global war, 171–72, 194, 231
hyperinflation in, 203, 227
importance of French alliance to, 162
see also specific battles
amphibious warfare, 39, 78–79, 84, 85
amputation, 134, 176, 259
Ancient and Honorable Mechanical Company of Baltimore, 160n
Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company of Boston, 10, 14
Ancient York Masons, 230
Anderson, Archibald, 320
Anderson, Enoch, 62–63, 83–84, 91, 106, 107, 135, 138–39, 288, 289, 290, 291
Anderson, Richard, 275
Anderson, Thomas, 305
André, John, 88, 298
Annapolis, Md., 4, 24, 27, 33, 34, 35, 101, 358, 375
Armstrong, George, 343
Armstrong, William, 216, 217, 218
army, American, see Continental Army
army, British, 37, 39, 81, 106, 109, 122, 152
and American evacuation of Brooklyn, 76
in attack on Philadelphia, 142
at Battle of Brooklyn, 72
in Battle of White Plains, 88–92
in Carolinas, 244–45
Charleston invaded by, 87n
Clinton’s replacement of Howe as commander of, 183
combat style of, 86
commissions purchased in, 41
elite units of, 42–43
evacuation of Philadelphia by, 183
foraging parties in, 136
at Fort Washington, 94
in Hackensack, 101
harsh treatment of POWs by, 97, 99, 117
army, British (continued)
importance of gunpowder supply recognized by, 23–24
light infantry (Light Bobs) of, 7, 42, 60, 81, 193
losses in, 194
Loyalists in, 259–60
Manhattan invaded by, 78–84
New Jersey occupied by, 109, 135–36
northern strategy of, 169
plunder of New Jersey farms by, 109–10
in Princeton, 126
prisoners taken by, 94, 96
proficiency of, 40–41
recruits to, 42
regiments of, 42
Southern strategy of, 231–32
specialized departments of, 41
on Staten Island, 139–40
strength of, 136
supply line of, 109, 136
surrender of, 363–65
Throgs Neck landing of, 84, 85–88
in Trenton counterattack, 119–22
troop shortages in, 194, 260
uniforms of, 43
see also specific units
Army Lodge no. 27, 230
Arnold, Benedict, 88, 211, 275, 297–98, 328
Arnold, Samuel, 213, 222
Arnold, William, 79
Articles of Association (1774), 6–7
artillery, 43–44, 90
Assunpink Creek, 116, 119, 120, 125
Atkinson, Richard Thomas, 95
Atlanta, Ga., 340
Augusta, Ga., 329, 339, 340
Augusta, HMS, 166–67
Austria, 258
Azor (dog), 180
Backcountry, 241, 244, 260, 261
Bahamas, 231
Bailey, Ansolem, 220, 379
Baker, Sergeant, 222
Baltimore, Battle of, 378
Baltimore, Md., 3–4, 24, 27, 28, 33–35, 110, 178, 355–56, 373
Loyalist revolt in, 130–32
siege mentality in, 356
Baltimore County Militia, 18
Baltimore Independent Company (Cadets), xii–xiii, 16–17, 28, 33, 69, 102, 185, 256
Agamemnon’s letter to, 10–11, 67
articles of incorporation for, 4–5, 9, 10
as core units of Continental Army, 5–6
membership in, as treasonous, 10
personal relationships among members of, 6
training of, 9–10
weaponry and uniforms of, 9
see also Smallwood’s Battalion
Bantham, John, 18, 213–14, 290, 344, 374
Basking Ridge, N.J., 107, 183–84
Battle Pass, 60
bayonets, 24, 42
Beall, Rezin, 52
Beatty, William, Jr., 51–52, 79, 82, 92, 100, 102, 104, 105, 132, 137, 144, 157, 179, 188, 202, 205, 301, 308, 312, 321
death of, 334
at Germantown, 161
at Hobkirk’s Hill, 333
Beatty, William, Sr., 52
Bemis Heights, Battle of, 170
Benson, Perry, 343, 380
Bermuda, 171, 194
Bettis, James, 371
Blue Jacket, 378
Bond, James, 60
Boston, Mass., 4, 6
siege of, 13, 93–94, 193
Boston Tea Party, 4
Boudy, John, 19, 114, 115, 133, 148, 227, 362, 371, 372, 373–74
at Valley Forge, 177
Brandywine, Battle of, 141–50, 143, 151–52, 167, 193
Brandywine Creek, 142
Brigade of the Guards, British, 298–99, 326
Brinton’s Ford, 144
British West Florida, 186
Bronx, N.Y., 189
Bronx River, 88, 89
Brooklyn, Battle of, xi, xii–xiii, 59–71, 96, 138, 144, 269
American losses at, 77
American tactics in, 62
British tactics in, 59–60
casualties of, 72
mass grave at, 381
Brooklyn, N.Y., 57, 58, 100
American defenses in, 54–58
Brooklyn Heights, 65, 71
American fortifications at, xiii, 55, 61
amphibious assault at, 85
defenses on, 72–73
evacuation of, 74–77
siege of, 73
Brooks, William, 90
Brophy, Daniel, 20
Buckburg Mountain, 207, 209–10
Buford, Abraham, 240
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 40, 43, 55, 61, 72, 73, 251
Burgoyne, John, 169, 170–71, 189, 194, 298, 363
Cadwalader, John, 113, 118, 126, 127, 128
Calvert, George Calvert, Lord, 7
Camden, Battle of, 249–55, 259, 260, 261, 268
casualties in, 257
retreat from, 255–56
Camden, S.C., 242, 244, 245–46, 274, 281, 327, 329, 331–32
burning of, 338
camp followers, 47–48, 183, 254
Canada, 8, 172
canister shot, 44
cannons, types of, 165
Capes, Battle of the, 358
Carbery, Henry, 228
Caribbean, 8, 162, 194, 230
Carney, Thomas, 149, 254, 322, 334, 343, 374, 380
Carpenter’s Island, 165
Carrington, Edward, 274, 300, 306, 309
cartridges, 21
Cary, Richard, 10, 14
Catawba River, 300–303
Catholics, Catholicism, 27
cavalry, light, 43
Cayuga tribe, 191
Chadd’s Ford, 142, 144, 145, 148–49
Chalmers, James, 29–30, 35–36, 130, 131, 132, 185–86, 379
Chaplin, William, 70, 179
Charleston, S.C., 87, 87n, 232, 235, 241, 244, 299, 327, 340, 369, 370, 371
British capture of, 239–40
British evacuation of, 372–73
Charlotte, N.C., 256, 260, 263, 270, 345
Charlottesville, Va., 359
Chatterton’s Hill, 88, 89–90, 112
Cheraw, S.C., 274, 301
Cherokees, 191, 243
cherry bounce, 301
Chesapeake Bay, 27, 34, 142, 356, 358, 360
Chester, Pa., 150, 152–53
Chestertown, Md., 30
chevaux-de-frise, 163
Chew, Benjamin, 158
Chew House, 157–58, 161, 351
Chew, Peggy, 157n, 377
Church of England, 27
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 376–77
City Point, Va., 167
Clark, Sam, 79
Clay, Henry, 378
Clinton, George, 40
Clinton, Henry, 40, 55, 59, 60, 62, 80, 87n, 88, 104, 189, 194, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 232, 239, 240, 257, 260, 261, 267, 298, 327, 328, 357, 358, 360, 361, 379
flanking maneuver of, 63
Howe replaced by, 183
as superb strategist, 40
Cliveden, see Chew House
Clouds, Battle of the, 152–53
Cobb, David, 361
Coercive Acts, 4, 6, 8–9, 40
Coffin, John, 348
Coffman, Benjamin, 219
Coffman, Joseph, 219
Collins, James, 264, 265, 266, 290
Columbia, S.C., 277
Committees of Observation, 26, 28
financial component of, 28
Common Sense (Paine), 29, 110
Concord, Battle of, 13, 43
Congressional Silver Medal, 223
Continental Army, xiii, 5, 15, 39, 86–87, 104, 184, 202
African Americans in, 19–20
camp followers of, 47–48
desertion, 83
enlistment period of, 104–5, 118, 267
equipment lost at Fort Lee by, 100–101
first quartermaster general of, 76
formation of, 13–14
lack of common uniforms in, 141
lack of supplies in, 113, 175, 176–77, 226–27
light infantry of, 43
light infantry units of, 192–93
literacy in, 110
militiamen vs., 267
mutinies in, 204, 227–28
in night march to Princeton, 126
petite guerre fought by, 135–36
“policy of humanity” in, 117
provisioning of, 16
reputation of, 41
shrinking of, 101–2, 104–5
sickness in, 49, 88
smallpox in, 133
strength of, 135
troop shortages in, 195
at Valley Forge, 175–80
wages in, 235
see also specific units
Continental Congress, 3, 6–7, 9, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 45, 47, 84, 87, 110, 132, 155, 162, 204, 223, 239, 242, 268, 273, 373, 375, 379
Continental Army established by, 13–14
Councils of Safety urged by, 28
money printing by, 203
Reconciliationists in, 258
Continental Light Dragoons, 269
Continental Marines, 128, 222
“Convention of Saratoga, The,” 170–71
Cornwallis, Charles, Earl, xii, 65–66, 67, 71, 80, 94, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 109, 130, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 170, 187, 229, 232, 239, 240, 246–47, 251–52, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 274, 296, 297, 298, 299–301, 302, 303, 304, 306–7, 308, 310, 311, 314, 328, 329, 339, 357, 358, 359–60, 378–79
army split by, 276–77
burning of baggage by, 299
in chase for Greene, 299, 302–3
at Germantown, 161–62
at Guilford Courthouse, 316–17, 319, 324, 325, 326
illness of, 267
in march across New Jersey, 108
surrender of, 363–65
Trenton counterattack of, 119–22
at Yorktown, 360–63
Council of Safety, Md., 27–28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 50n, 103, 131
counterfeiting, 203
counterinsurgency warfare, 104, 255
Cowan’s Ford, 303–5
cowardice, 79, 83, 142, 160
Cowpens, Battle of, 280–96, 286, 297, 300, 301, 309, 314
casualties at, 295–96
Cox, James, 160
Craig, Thomas, 222
Cruger, John Harris, 339–40, 341
Cuba, 8
currency, 8, 203
Dan River, 308–9, 311
Davidson, William Lee, 276, 302, 304
Davies, Simon, 221
de Borre, Philippe-Hubert Preudhomme, 135, 137, 146, 148
debt law, 28
debtors’ prisons, 380
Deckard rifles, 263
Declaration of Independence, 46
Defence, 33, 35
defense in depth, 281–82, 314
De Heister, General, 71
Delaware Bay, French armada at, 189
Delaware Recruits, 361
Delaware Regiment, 61–63, 70, 75, 83, 90–91, 102, 107, 114, 121, 126, 135, 138, 144, 148, 151, 187, 210, 211, 245, 248, 250, 269, 275, 276, 281, 288, 309, 313, 316, 332, 333, 336, 344, 353, 354, 370
march South by, 235–44
as poorly equipped, 106
Delaware River, 100, 106–9, 111–15, 119–20, 125, 133–34, 142, 163, 165
Demont, William, 93
desertion, deserters, 48, 49, 83, 137, 179, 210, 211, 273
execution of, 83–84, 224
Dias, George, 214, 380
disease, 176, 179
Dix Ferry, 309
Dobson, Henry, 275, 288
Donop, Karl von, 152
Dorchester, S.C., 369
Dorchester Heights, Mass., 33
Dougherty, Michael, 151, 210, 224, 256, 294
Downman, Francis, 166
draft, 202
drum signals, 15
Dudley, Guilford, 338
Duncanson, Captain, 292
Dunmore, John Murray, Lord, 34, 262
Durham boats, 114
Duvall, Edward, 343, 351–52
dysentery, 49, 176
East India Company, 4
East River, 53, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78
Eden, Robert, 35–36
Edge Hill, 176
elite units, 86–87
Elliot, Jane, 371
Ellis, Michael, 149
emancipation, 337
ensigns, 17
Estaing, Jean-Baptiste d,’ 189–90, 231, 257
Ethiopian Regiment, 34
Eutaw Springs, 347, 348–54, 369
Everhart, Lawrence, 52, 95, 284–85, 293, 296
Ewald, Johann, 103, 129–30, 152
Ewing, James, 113, 275, 350, 351
Ewing, Nathaniel, 291
executions, 10, 273–74
for desertion, 83–84, 224
of mutineers, 227–28
Falmouth, Mass., 34
Ferguson, Patrick, 145, 204–5, 223, 260–62, 263, 264, 265–66
Fernandis, James, 18, 98, 219
feuds, 242
Field, Henry, 381
field hospitals, 48, 134
5th Pennsylvania, American, 151
52nd Regiment of Foot, British, 138
firelocks, see muskets
1st Loyalist Maryland Regiment, British, 131–32
1st Maryland Battalion, American, 309, 314
1st Maryland Brigade, American, 247, 252
1st Maryland Company, American, 275
1st Maryland Regiment, American, 105, 107, 108–9, 132, 133, 135, 149, 319, 321, 322–23, 324, 343
Fischer, David Hackett, 110
flèches, 209
Fleury, François-Louis Teissèdre de, 164–65, 168–69, 172, 180, 214, 219–20, 222, 223
Florida, 8, 194, 231
Flying Army, 269, 275–78, 295, 306
at Cowpens, 279–96
in march to Dan River, 308–12
Flying Camp, 50–52, 82, 91, 99, 104, 105, 329, 369
2nd Battalion of, 51
Ford, Benjamin, 23, 48, 70, 193, 204–5, 252, 320, 335
death of, 337
forlorn hope, 206–7, 213–14, 216–17, 218, 222, 225
40th Regiment of Foot, British, 157–58
Fostinam, Miss, 177
Fountain Inn, 12, 355
Four Chimneys, 74
4th Connecticut Regiment, American, 164
4th Maryland Regiment, American, 132, 135, 145, 150, 157, 361
disease in, 179
France, 7–8, 147, 230–31, 238, 257–58, 327, 372
American alliance considered by, 162
American alliance with, 189–90, 194, 195
England’s declaration of war on, 171
loans from, 227, 239
treaties with U.S. signed by, 171–72
Francisco, Peter, 167, 220, 322, 379–80
Franklin, Benjamin, 6–7, 24, 113, 147, 153, 161, 164, 171, 179, 229, 372
Frasier’s Highlanders, British, 210, 276
Frazer, Persifor, 151
Frederick County, Md., 26
Frederick the Great, 62, 129
Freehold, N.J., 184
Freemasonry, 229–30, 377
French alliance, 162, 194, 195
Washington and, 172, 189–90