12.Alexander McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times, 4th ed. (Times Pub. Co., 1892), 74.
13.Id. at 77.
14.Letter by John W. Bunn, Abraham Lincoln by Some Men Who Knew Him (Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph Printing and Stationery Co., 1910), 150–51.
15.Frank Van der Linden, Lincoln: The Road to War (Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 1998), 109.
16.Donald, We Are Lincoln Men, 139.
17.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture,” July 1, 1850, in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 8 vols., ed. Roy Basler et al. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 2:81.
18.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment on Stephen A. Douglas,” December 1856?, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:382–83.
19.Id. at 7.
20.Id.
21.Abraham Lincoln, “Communication to the People of Sangamo County,” March 9, 1832, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 1:8–9.
22.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to George B. McClellan,” October 13, 1862, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 5:461.
23.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture,” July 1, 1850, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:81.
24.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to Isham Reavis,” November 5, 1855, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:327.
25.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to William Grigsby,” August 3, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:535.
26.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to James Thornton,” December 2, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:344.
27.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to Isham Reavis,” November 5, 1855, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:327.
28.John M. Hay, Addresses of John Hay (Washington, D.C: Divine Press, 1906), 335, per Google Scholar.
29.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to James H. Hackett,” August 17, 1863, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 6:392.
30.William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act III, Scene II.
31.Herndon, Herndon’s Lincoln, 332.
32.Id. at 317–18.
33.David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 127, quoting Herndon to Weik, November 19, 1885, and January 8, 1886; and “Lincoln’s Domestic Life,” undated Herndon monograph, copy, Herndon-Weik Collection.
34.Brian R. Dirck, Lincoln the Lawyer (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2007), 39.
35.Abraham Lincoln, “Letter to William H. Herndon,” July 10, 1848, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 1:497–98.
36.Donald, We Are Lincoln Men, 73.
37.Id.
38.William H. Herndon, interview with David Davis, September 20, 1866.
39.Donald, We Are Lincoln Men, 73.
40.Id. at 73–74.
41.Id. at 74.
42.Henry Clay Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln (Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1892), 255.
43.Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, vol. 1 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:467.
44.Id.
45.Donald, We Are Lincoln Men, 75.
46.Thurlow Weed, Life of Thurlow Weed (autobiography) (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884), 610–11.
47.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:231.
48.Id. at 468.
49.Donald, We Are Lincoln Men, 75, quoting Herndon to Weik, February 9, 1886, Herndon-Weik Collection.
50.Id.
51.Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years (one-volume edition) (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954), 125.
52.Sydney Blumenthal, A Self-Made Man: The Political Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016), 2:460.
53.Id.
54.Id.
55.Id.
56.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture,” July 1, 1850, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:81–82.
57.Abraham Lincoln, “Temperance Address,” February 22, 1842, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 1:273.
58.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture,” July 1, 1850, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:81.
59.Henry B. Rankin, “Lincoln’s Cooper Institute Speech: Fifty-Six Years Ago,” Illinois State Register (Springfield), February 11, 1917, 8, The Builder, http://www.tbm100.org/Lib/Ran17.pdf.
60.Blumenthal, A Self-Made Man, 2:467.
61.Henry Clay, “Letter to James Harlan,” March 16, 1850, in The Works of Henry Clay: Comprising His Life, Correspondences, and Speeches, ed. Calvin Colton (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904), 603–4, via HeinOnline.
62.Taylor to John Allison, September 4, 1848, in Holman Hamilton, Zachary Taylor, vol. 2, Soldier in the White House (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951), 121–24.
63.Zachary Taylor, Inaugural Address, March 5, 1849, via Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
64.Id.
65.Frank Freidel, Presidents of the United States of America (Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 1996), 30.
66.Elbert B. Smith, The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988), 60.
67.Id.
68.Abraham Lincoln, “On the Life and Services of the Late President of the United States,” July 25, 1850, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:83.
69.Id.
70.Id.
71.Id.
72.Id.
73.Id.
74.Id.
75.Id.
76.Id.
77.Id.
78.Id.
79.Id.
80.Id.
81.Id.
82.Id.
83.Id.
84.Id.
85.Id.
86.Id.
87.Id.
88.Id.
89.Id.
90.Henry Clay, Speech, January 29, 1850, via HathiTrust.
91.Id.
92.Id.
93.Id.
94.Id.
95.Henry Clay, Speech of the Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky: On Taking Up His Compromise Resolutions on the Subject of Slavery, Delivered in Senate, Feb. 5th & 6th, 1850; As Reported by the National Intelligencer (New York: Stringer & Townsend, 1850), 31–32.
96.Id.
97.Id.
98.Speech quoted from Daniel Webster, “The Completest Man”: Documents from the Papers of Daniel Webster, ed. Kenneth E. Shewmaker (Lebanon, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 1990), 121–30, https://www.dartmouth.edu/~dwebster/speeches/seventh-march.html.
99.Id.
100.William H. Seward, speech, “On the Admission of California, U.S. Senate, March 11, 1850, https://archive.org/stream/williamhspeech00sewarich/williamhspeech00sewarich_djvu.txt.
101.Id.
102.Id.
103.John C. Calhoun, Speech to the United States Senate Against the Compromise of 1850, March 4, 1850, in John C. Calhoun Papers (Library of Congress).
104.Id.
105.Id.
106.Id.
107.Id.
108.Id.
109.Id.
110.Id.
111.Eulogies Delivered in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States on the Life and Character of Hon. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, and Hon. Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts (Washington, D.C.: Foster & Cochran, 1856), 15.
112.Id.
113.Blumenthal, A Self-Made Man, 2:71.
114.Id. at 542.
115.Speech of Henry Clay, “A General Review of the Debate on the Compromise Bills,” July 22, 1850, in The Works of Henry Clay, 9:542–43.
116.Id.
117.Id. at 560.
118.Id.
119.Id. at 555.
120.Id. at 540.
121.Id. at 557.
122.Id. at 561.
123.Id. at 563.
124.The Annual Register; or, A View of the History and Politics of the Year 1850 (1851), 347.
125.Daniel Webster, “Speech at Syracuse,” May 1851, Mr. Webster’s Speeches at Buffalo, Syracuse, and Albany (New York: Mirror Office, 1851), 37.
126.Id.; “Speech at Buffalo,” May 1851, 8.
127.Id.
128.Southern Histo
rical Society Papers (Virginia Historical Society, 1888), 16:329.
129.Daniel Webster, The Writings and Speeches of Daniel Webster, ed. Edward Everett (1903), 13:439.
130.John T. Stuart, interview with William Henry Herndon, late June 1865, in Herndon’s Informants, 64.
131.Id.
132.Abraham Lincoln, “Honors to Henry Clay,” July 6, 1852, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:122–23.
133.Id. at 122.
134.Id.
135.Id.
136.Id. at 123.
137.Id.
138.Id.
139.Id. at 124.
140.Id. at 125.
141.Id.
142.Id.
143.Id. at 126.
144.Id.
145.Id.
146.Id. at 128.
147.Id. at 130.
148.Id.
149.Id.
150.Id.
151.Id. at 131.
152.Id.
153.Id.
154.Id.
155.Id. at 132.
156.Id.
157.Id.
158.Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Peoria, Illinois, October 16, 1854, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:248.
159.Id. at 249.
160.Abraham Lincoln to Henry L. Pierce and others, April 6, 1859, in Lincoln, Collected Works.
161.Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Peoria, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:248.
162.Id. at 251.
163.Id.
164.Id. at 255.
165.Id.
166.Id.
167.Id. at 256.
168.Id.
169.Id. at 265–66.
170.Id. at 266.
171.Id.
172.Id. at 255.
173.Id.
174.Id. at 266.
175.Id. at 267.
176.Id. at 274.
177.Id.
178.Id. at 272.
179.Id.
180.Id.
181.Id. at 271.
182.Id. at 259.
183.Id. at 268.
184.Id. at 261.
185.Id. at 262.
186.Id. at 261–62.
187.Id. at 282.
188.Id. at 248–83.
CHAPTER FIVE: BECOMING PRESIDENT (1856–1860)
1.Abraham Lincoln, “Fragment on Stephen A. Douglas,” December 1856, in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 8 vols., ed. Roy Basler et al. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 2:383.
2.Lincoln’s eulogy of Clay, in Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 2 (Michigan archives).
3.James Oakes, The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 83, citing William Henry Herndon and Jesse William Weik, Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements About Abraham Lincoln, ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 161–62.
4.Letter of John Whitfield Bunn from Springfield, Illinois, November 8, 1910, in Owen Thornton Reeves, Abraham Lincoln, by Some Men Who Knew Him (Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph Printing & Stationery, 1910), 150.
5.David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995), 180, and Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, vol. 1 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 514, citing Lincoln to Ichabod Codding, Springfield, Illinois, November 27, 1854.
6.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:363.
7.Id. at 523, citing Lincoln to William H. Henderson, Springfield, Illinois, February 21, 1855.
8.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:524, citing Davis to Julius Rockwell, Bloomington, Indiana, March 4, 1855.
9.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:531.
10.Lincoln to Speed, August 24, 1855.
11.Id.
12.Id.
13.Id.
14.Citing Lincoln, Collected Works.
15.Id.
16.Id.
17.Browning to Trumbull, May 18, 1856, Trumbull Papers.
18.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:540.
19.Id.
20.Maurice G. Baxter, Orville H. Browning: Lincoln’s Colleague and Critic (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957), 87.
21.Browning to Mrs. Browning, July 24, 1844.
22.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:420.
23.Daniel Webster, Second Reply to Hayne, January 26–27, 1830, U.S. Senate, https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/WebsterReply.pdf, p. 77.
24.Franklin Pierce, speech to the Senate and House of Representatives, January 24, 1856.
25.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, citing Lincoln to Trumbull, Springfield, Illinois, June 7, 1856.
26.Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:546.
27.Id.
28.Id. at 547; and Donald, Lincoln, 193.
29.Donald, Lincoln, 193.
30.Speech at a Republican Banquet, Chicago, Illinois, December 10, 1856, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:385.
31.60 U.S. 393, 407 (1857).
32.Id. at 450.
33.Speech at Chicago, Illinois, October 27, 1854, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:283.
34.Speech at Galena, Illinois, July 23, 1856, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:355.
35.Douglas speech on Kansas, Utah, and the Dred Scott decision, delivered at the State House in Springfield, Illinois, June 12, 1857.
36.Id.
37.Id.
38.Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 26, 1857, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:401.
39.January 1857 speech, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:388.
40.June 26, 1857, speech, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:401.
41.Id. at 405.
42.Id. at 404.
43.Id. at 405.
44.Id. at 406.
45.Donald, Lincoln, 202.
46.Abraham Lincoln to B. Clarke Lundy, August 5, 1857, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:413.
47.Speech at Springfield, Illinois, June 26, 1857, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:400.
48.Robert W. Johannsen, The Frontier, The Union, and Stephen A. Douglas (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 236; Stephen A. Douglas, Speech of Senator Douglas, of Illinois, on the President’s Message, Delivered in the Senate of the United States, December 9, 1857.
49.Abraham Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, June 23, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:472.
50.William H. Herndon, Herndon’s Lincoln (Herndon’s Lincoln Pub. Co., 1889), 396.
51.Leonard Swett to William H. Herndon, January 17, 1866, in Herndon’s Informants, 163.
52.Herndon, Herndon’s Lincoln, 398.
53.Speeches of Haynes and Webster in the United States Senate (1853), 37.
54.Abraham Lincoln, “A House Divided,” Speech at Springfield, Illinois, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:461.
55.Id.
56.Id.
57.Donald, Lincoln, 206.
58.Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:465–66.
59.Id. at 467.
60.Congressional Globe, July 9, 1861, p. 30.
61.Abraham Lincoln, Selections from the Writings of Abraham Lincoln, ed. J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton (New York: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1922), 169.
62.Abraham Lincoln, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” July 17, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:506.
63.Herndon, Herndon’s Lincoln, 336–37.
64.Don F. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Redwood City CA: Stanford University Press, 1996), 371.
65.Joseph Gillespie to William H. Herndon, December 8, 1866, in Herndon’s Informants, 507.
66.Chapman Coleman, ed., The Life of John J. Crittenden (1873), 2:152.
67.Allen Johnson, Stephen A. Douglas: A Study in American Politics (1908), 352.
68.Id. at 299.
69.Abraham Lincoln, Second Debate, in Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858.
70.Stephen Douglas, Second Debate, in Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858.
71.Id.
72.Id.
74.Enoch Walter Skies and William Morse Keener, The Growth of the Nation, 1837–1860 (1905), 13:444.
75.Josiah Gilbert Holland, Life of Abraham Lincoln (1866), 190.
76.Id.
77.Mr. Lincoln’s Reply, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:28.
78.Id.
79.Id.
80.John G. Nicolay and John Hay, eds., Abraham Lincoln: Complete Works (1894), 1:447.
81.Id. at 448.
82.Abraham Lincoln, Sixth Debate, in Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858.
83.Id.
84.Stephen Douglas, Sixth Debate, in Quincy, Illinois, October 13, 1858.
85.Abraham Lincoln, Seventh Debate, in Alton, Illinois,” October 15, 1858.
86.Id.
87.Political Debates Between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas (1860), 232.
88.Id. at 234.
89.Stephen A. Douglas, Seventh Debate, in Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858.
90.Id.
91.Id.
92.Donald, Lincoln, 228.
93.Abraham Lincoln to Anson G. Henry, November 19, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:339.
94.Abraham Lincoln to Henry Asbury, November 19, 1858, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:339.
95.Abraham Lincoln to George Robertson, August 15, 1855, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 2:318.
96.James F. Rhodes, History of the United States (MacMillan, 1920), 2:328.
97.Abraham Lincoln, Speech at Columbus, Ohio, September 16, 1859, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:425.
98.Abraham Lincoln, Address at Cooper Institute, New York City, February 27, 1860, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:522.
99.Harold Holzer, Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Abraham Lincoln President (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 128.
100.Lincoln, Address at Cooper Institute, in Lincoln, Collected Works, 3:549.
101.Id. at 550.
102.Holzer, Lincoln at Cooper Union, 121.
103.Id. at 122.
104.Id. at 122–23.
105.Id. at 124.
106.Gregory A. Borchard, Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), 59.
107.Orville Hickman Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning: 1850–1864, ed. Theodore Calvin Pease (Champaign: University of Illinois, 1925), 1:406.
108.Michael S. Green, Lincoln and the Election of 1860 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), 55.
109.Abraham Lincoln, Telegraph to a Member of the Illinois Delegation, May 17, 1860, in The Papers and Writings of Abraham Lincoln, 5:687.
Lincoln's Mentors Page 50