by Helen Fry
61. SRGG 997(c), 25 August 1944, WO 208/4168.
62. SRGG 1001, 28 August 1944, WO 208/4168.
63. SRGG 980(c), 24 August 1944, WO 208/4168.
64. SRGG 1005, 30 August 1944, WO 208/4168.
65. GRGG 183, 29 August 1944, p. 9, WO 208/5622.
66. GRGG 188, 11 September 1944, WO 208/4363.
67. SRGG 1046(c), 17 September 1944, WO 208/4168.
68. Ibid.
69. Hart, Journey into Freedom, p. 103.
70. GRGG 231, 6–7 December 1944, WO 208/5018.
71. SRGG 1009, 1 September 1944, WO 208/4168.
72. SRGG 1029, 4 September 1944, WO 208/4168. See also GRGG 187(c), 10 September 1944, WO 208/5017.
73. Ibid.
74. Colin Brown, Operation Big: The Race to Stop Hitler’s A-Bomb.
75. Damien Lewis, Hunting Hitler’s Nukes: The Secret Race to Stop the Nazi Bomb, pp. 195–220.
76. DEFE 2/222–224, DEFE 2/1408, and AIR 20/11930.
77. Alexander Scotland, The London Cage, p. 167.
78. AIR 39/45, AIR 20/3648.
79. The camp operated from 1941 until 1945.
80. WO 331/16-17, WO 311/383-387.
81. Fry, The London Cage, pp. 176–9.
82. Discussions about the atom bomb appear in WO 208/4178.
83. GRGG 245, 5–7 January 1945, WO 208/5018.
84. Ibid.
85. GRGG 247, 10–14 January 1945, WO 208/5018.
86. Ibid. It was also published in SRGG 1118, WO 208/4169. Other references to the atom bomb appeared in SRGG 1108 and GRGG 238, WO 208/5018.
87. Ibid.
88. Dornberger’s interrogation reports by British intelligence survive in WO 208/3121. See also GRGG 341, 11 August 1945, WO 208/4178 and GRGG 344, 21 August 1945, pp. 2–4, WO 208/4178.
89. GRGG 341, 11 August 1945, pp. 8–9, WO 208/4178.
90. Interrogation Report, 12 August 1945, WO 208/3121.
91. GRGG 341, 11 August 1945, pp. 8–9, WO 208/4178.
92. Brown, Operation Big.
93. Ibid.
10: ‘OUR GUESTS’
1. GRGG 117, 30 January–5 February 1944, WO 208/4363.
2. Ibid.
3. The bugged conversations provided information on gun emplacements and their construction along the French coast. This was important intelligence to gather prior to Operation Overlord and D-Day. See SRM 382, 9 November 1943, WO 208/4137.
4. Interview with the author.
5. SRGG 755, 11 January 1944, WO 208/4167.
6. Ibid.
7. SRGG 766, 15 January 1944, WO 208/4167.
8. Ibid.
9. Summary Report dated 15 January 1944 about Dr Haccius’s visit to Trent Park on 13 January 1944, WO 208/5622.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Another report on Haccius’s visit, no date, Folio 112a, WO 208/5622.
13. GRGG 61, 17–23 July 1943, WO 208/4363.
14. Report dated 15 January 1944, WO 208/5622.
15. Ibid.
16. GRGG 113, 9–15 January 1944, WO 208/4363.
17. Ibid.
18. GRGG 114, 16–22 January 1944, WO 208/5016.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., copy also in AIR 40/3104.
22. GRGG 115, 23–29 January 1944, WO 208/5016.
23. GRGG 117, 30 January–5 February 1944, WO 208/5016.
24. GRGG 121, 6–12 February 1944, WO 208/4363.
25. SR 82, 15 April 1943, AIR 40/3106.
26. Ibid.
27. SRN 1729, 3 May 1943, WO 208/4145.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid. Information about U-boat shelters was picked up in SRM 444, 31 December 1943, WO 208/4137.
30. GRGG 113, 9–15 January 1944, WO 208/4363.
31. WO 165/41, January 1944. See also Nudd, Castaways of the Kriegsmarine, pp. 107–13.
32. A full account can be read in Kendrick’s biography, Spymaster, pp. 155–6.
33. Letter dated 17 January 1944, copy sent to the author by Derek Nudd.
34. SR 231, 19 January 1944, AIR 40/3104. Another example of a conversation about the Tirpitz is in SRN 224, 29 March 1941, WO 208/4141.
35. SR 683, 30 March 1945, AIR 40/3104.
36. Sketch contained in AIR 40/3104.
37. SR 2065, 2 March 1944, AIR 40/3105.
38. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945, section 152, AIR 40/2636.
39. Ibid., section 152–154. See also GRGG 344, 21 August 1945, pp. 14–15, WO 208/4178.
40. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945, section 154, AIR 40/2636.
41. GRGG 123, 20–26 February 1944, WO 208/4363.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., p. 2.
47. Ibid., p. 2.
48. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
49. GRGG 123, 20–26 February 1944, p. 2, WO 208/4363.
50. Ibid., pp. 2–3.
51. Ibid., p. 3.
52. GRGG 125, 12–18 March 1944, WO 208/4363.
53. GRGG 124, 27 February 1944, WO 208/4363.
54. GRGG 129, 10–16 April 1944, WO 208/5016.
55. GRGG 130, 17–23 April 1944, WO 208/5016.
56. GRGG 175, 17–18 August 1944, WO 208/4363.
57. Ibid.
58. Jestin, A Memoir, p. 18.
59. Patrick Leigh Fermor, Abducting a General: The Kreipe Operation and SOE in Crete; W. Stanley Moss, Ill Met by Moonlight.
60. Personal file in WO 208/3504. See also GRGG 135, 25 May 1944, WO 208/4363.
61. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
62. Ibid.
63. GRGG 135, 24 May 1944, GRGG 136, 26 May 1944, GRGG 137, 29 May 1944 WO 208/5017.
64. Copy of the questionnaire in WO 208/4208.
65. His account is preserved in SRGG 910 and also summarised in WO 208/5017.
66. GRGG 138, p. 4, 1 June 1944, WO 208/5017.
67. GRGG 135, 24 May 1944, p. 5, WO 208/5017 and GRGG 138, p. 5, 1 June 1944, WO 208/5017.
68. Correspondence from Ken Walsh with the author from South Africa prior to his death in 2017.
69. Ibid.
70. SRGG 135, 25 May 1945, p. 4, WO 208/5017.
71. Ibid.
72. SRA 5020, 24 February 1944, AIR 40/3093.
11: SAGA OF THE GENERALS
1. Article entitled ‘D-Day: 150,000 Men and One Woman’ in the Huffington Post, 5 May 2014.
2. WO 165/39, June 1944.
3. His original name was Hans Joachim Colman, later anglicised to Hugh John Colman.
4. Copy of personal army record from daughter Andrea Evers. After joining the Intelligence Corps, Colman received training in interrogation and initially served with the interrogation team of the 62nd Army.
5. Entries for October and November 1944, WO 165/39.
6. Letter from DNI to Lieutenant Commander Cope, 28 October 1944, ADM 223/475.
7. Entries for June, July and August 1944, WO 165/41.
8. Personal files in WO 208/3504.
9. Diary entries for June, August and September 1944, WO 165/41. Others senior German officers captured after D-Day included, with place of capture in brackets: General Hermann Ramcke (Brest), General Erwin Vierow (Arras), General Heinrich Eberbach (commander of a Panzer division, captured at Amiens); General Lieutenants Kurt Badinsky (Bailleul), Wilhelm Daser (Middelburg), Otto Elfeldt (Trun), Rüdiger Heyking (Mons), Erwin Menny (Maguy), Erwin Rauch (Brest), Paul Seyffardt (Marbaix), Karl Spang (Brest); Major Generals Bock von Wülfingen (Liège), Kurt Eberding (Knocke), Alfred Gutknecht (Soissons-Rheims), Hans von der Mosel (Brest), Robert Sattler (Cherbourg), Hans Schramm (Creney-Troyes), Stolberg (Antwerp), Carl Wahle (Mons), SS Oberführer Kurt Meyer (Liège); Colonels Ludwig Krug (Normandy), Rolf Müller-Römer (Paris), Hans Jay (Paris), Helmuth Rohrbach (St Gabriel), Karl von Unger (Paris), Ernst Herrmann (Cherbourg), Gerhard Wilck (Aachen
), Eberhard Wildermuth (Le Havre), Vice Admirals Schirmer (Brest), Otto Kähler (Brest), Hans von Tresckow (Le Havre) and Carl Weber (Loire).
10. Report by Rushbrooke, 23 July 1944, ADM 223/475.
11. Ibid.
12. GRGG 159, 15–16 July 1944, WO 208/4363.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. GRGG 146, 11–16 June 1944, WO 208/5017.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Memo dated 2 December 1944, WO 208/5622. It was originally the idea of SHAEF with the support of MI19.
22. Lord Glenaldy, copy in BBC Archives, originally transmitted May 1965.
23. The author has successfully found all the scenes that are written in it, in declassified files at the National Archives. As such, it is possible to say that this play is remarkably close to the facts.
24. Lord Glenaldy, Part III, pp. 22–6.
25. Ibid., pp. 23–4.
26. Radio Times, 13 May 1965.
27. ‘Summary of SR Information concerning the departure of Generals Arnim and Crüwell’, 17 June 1944, WO 208/5622.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. GRGG 44, 15 July 1943, WO 208/4363.
31. ‘Summary of SR Information concerning the departure of Generals Arnim and Crüwell’, 17 June 1944, WO 208/5622.
32. Ibid.
33. GRGG 160, 25 July 1944, WO 208/4363.
34. Inserted as ‘News Press’ at end of GRGG 160, 25 July 1944, WO 208/4363.
35. ‘Attempted Assassination of Hitler and Subsequent Events’, GRGG 161, no date, WO 208/4363.
36. The failed assassination was still being talked about in some detail that autumn. See GRGG 186, 4–5 September 1944, WO 208/4363.
37. Jestin, A War Bride’s Story, p. 250.
38. Ibid.
39. SRGG 962, 21 July 1944, WO 208/4168.
40. GRGG 180, 25–26 August 1944, WO 208/5017.
41. GRGG 160, 25 July 1944, p. 6, WO 208/4363.
42. Ibid., p. 11.
43. GRGG 161, no date, p. 6, WO 208/4363.
44. GRGG 183, 29 August 1944, p. 13, WO 208/5622.
45. Ibid., p. 9.
46. SRGG 962, 21 July 1944, WO 208/4168.
47. GRGG 167, 28–30 June 1944, WO 208/4363.
48. SRGG 167 and SRGG 171, 28–30 July 1944, WO 208/4363.
49. GRGG 197, 20–21 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
50. Appendix B to SRGG 171, 28–30 July 1944, WO 208/4363.
51. Interview with the author.
52. Memo from DMI, 7 September 1944, Folio 122B, WO 208/5622.
53. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid.
56. Report, 30 September 1944, WO 208/5622.
57. GRGG 188, 5–7 September 1944, WO 208/5017.
58. Ibid.
59. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. GRGG 184, 30 August 1944, pp. 3–4, WO 208/4363.
66. Ibid.
67. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
68. Ibid.
69. Ramcke, memoirs, p. 77.
70. Memo from CSDIC, 5 December 1944, WO 208/5622.
71. Ramcke, memoirs, p. 77. Kindly translated from the original German by Fred Judge.
72. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid.
75. Memo from Lieut. Colonel Corner to MI19, 12 October 1944, WO 208/5622.
76. GRGG 209, 12 October 1944, WO 208/5622.
77. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
78. Ramcke, memoirs, p. 77.
79. Ibid., p. 78.
80. GRGG 198, 24 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
81. Jestin, A Memoir, pp. 19–20.
82. Jestin’s account of Ramcke’s award is borne out in official files, see GRGG 198, 24 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
83. Jestin, A Memoir, p. 20.
84. Ibid.
85. Ramcke, memoirs, pp. 77–82.
86. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
87. GRGG 178, 23 August 1944, WO 208/5017.
88. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
89. Ibid.
90. Ibid.
91. Ibid.
92. Ibid.
93. Jestin, A Memoir, p. 24.
94. Jestin, A War Bride’s Story, p. 254.
95. Jestin, A Memoir, p. 24.
96. Ibid., p. 18.
97. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
98. Ibid.
99. GRGG 278, 1 April 1945, pp. 4–5, WO 208/4177.
100. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
101. GRGG 330(c), 1 August 1945, WO 208/4178.
102. Ibid.
12: WAR CRIMES AND THE HOLOCAUST
1. Report dated 18 November 1942 entitled ‘Enemy Atrocities’, WO 208/4198. See also report dated 7 December 1942, WO 208/4202 and, for example, GRGG 245, 5–7 January 1945, WO 208/5018.
2. ‘CSDIC Six-Monthly survey, 1 January 1942 to 30 June 1942’, p. 8, WO 208/3455. See also reports on the German generals and their reaction, report, 7 December 1942, WO 208/4202.
3. Report dated 7 December 1942, WO 208/4202.
4. Ibid.
5. Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies.
6. SRN 2528, 19 December 1943, WO 208/4148. See also SRA 4604, 27 October 1943, WO 208/4131.
7. ‘CSDIC Six-Monthly survey, 1 January 1942 to 30 June 1942’, p. 8, WO 208/3455.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. SRX 1876, 10 October 1943, WO 208/4137. For massacres in Lublin, see also SRA 4820, 13 January 1944, WO 208/4132.
11. SRX 1914, 22 January 1944, WO 208/4163.
12. SR 120, 20 November 1943, AIR 40/3106.
13. SR 121, 22 November 1943, AIR 40/3106.
14. SR 123, 22 November 1943, AIR 40/3106.
15. Ibid.
16. SRM 426, 28 December 1943, WO 208/4137.
17. SR 128, 5 January 1944, AIR 40/3106.
18. Ibid.
19. SRGG 670, 17 December 1943, WO 208/4167.
20. SRA 3468, 30 December 1942, WO 208/4128.
21. SRX 1880, 12 October 1943, WO 208/4163.
22. SR 132, 5 March 1944, AIR 40/3106.
23. SR 128, 5 January 1944, AIR 40/3106.
24. SR 131, 23 February 1944, AIR 40/3106.
25. SRGG 756, 12 January 1944, WO 208/4167.
26. GRGG 272, 13–16 March 1945, WO 208/4177.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. SR 111, 5 July 1943, AIR 40/3106.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. SIR 557, 12 July 1944, WO 208/4295.
33. SIR 931, 9 September 1944, WO 208/4296. His testimony was noted to corroborate information received in SIR 447, 692 and 696, WO 208/4295. Another prisoner provided details of Auschwitz: SIR 938, 14 September 1944, WO 208/4296.
34. WO 311/54.
35. SIR 931, 9 September 1944 and SIR 938, 14 September 1944, WO 208/4796.
36. Sönke Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals : Transcripts of Secret Conversations, 1942–45, pp. 50–2.
37. GRGG 195, 16–17 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
38. SRX 1739, 17 April 1943, WO 208/4163.
39. SRGG 209, 10 July 1943, WO 208/4165.
40. SRGG 676, 19 December 1943, WO 208/4167. Similar conversations about killings in Russia had taken place between von Thoma and Hubbuch, see SRGG 647, 10 December 1943, WO 208/4167.
41. Letter dated 11 February 1944, WO 208/5622. Also of relevance is SRGG 815, 2 February 1944 and MI9 memo of 13 February 1944, both in WO 208/5622. See also GRGG 230, 2–4 December 1944. The Katyn Massacre is discussed by the generals in GRGG 288, 24–26 April 1945, WO 208/4177.
42. SRGG 1086(c), 28 December 1944, WO 208/4169.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. GRGG 271
, 15 March 1945, WO 208/4177.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. SRM 175, 14 February 1943, WO 208/4136.
49. GRGG 169, 2–4 August 1944, WO 208/4363.
50. GRGG 230, 2–4 December 1944, WO 208/5018.
51. GRGG 189, 8–9 September 1944, WO 208/4363.
52. GRGG 211, 14–17 October 1944, p. 5, WO 208/4364.
53. SRGG 796, 25 January 1944, WO 208/4167.
54. Ibid.
55. Conversation in January 1944.
56. GRGG 197, 20–21 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
57. GRGG 199, 17–21 September 1944, WO 208/5018. For another bugged conversation about the Warsaw Ghetto, see SRGG 1089(c), 27 December 1944, WO 208/4169.
58. GRGG 301, 18–19 May 1945, WO 208/4178.
59. Ibid.
60. GRGG 306, 28–31 May 1945, WO 208/4178.
61. Ibid.
62. GRGG 274, 24 March 1945, p. 4, WO 208/4177.
63. GRGG 286, 23 April 1945, WO 208/4177.
64. GRGG 197, 20–21 September 1944, WO 208/5018.
65. SRGG 194(c), 20 September 1944, WO 208/4363.
66. This harks back to Kendrick’s first intelligence report of the war in WO 208/4970.
13: BREAKING THE GERMAN WILL TO RESIST
1. Sullivan, Thresholds of Peace, pp. 56–8.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. ‘Report on Visit to No.11 Camp of Representatives of the Swiss Red Cross, Folio 136A’, WO 208/5622.
7. Ibid.
8. His full lecture survives in CSDIC files, WO 208/5622.
9. Letter from Lord Aberfeldy to Captain Evans, 2 March 1945, WO 208/5627.
10. Ibid.
11. ‘The Utilization of Captured German Generals as Envisaged in the Bruce-Lockhart Committee Plan’, WO 208/5627.
12. They were Broich, Neuffer, Bassenge, Reimann, Schlieben, Elfeldt, Eberbach, Wahle, Heim, Wilck, Wildermuth, Daser, Felbert, Bruhn, Vaterrodt, Schaeffer, von der Heydte and Rothkirch.
13. Report ref: D11a/11/2, 5 April 1945, WO 208/5627.
14. ‘Report by General Sir A. Thorne on his Visit to German Senior Officer Prisoners of War at No.11 Camp on 3 April 1945’, WO 208/5627.
15. Report D11a/11/3, pp. 9–10, 6 April 1945, WO 208/5627.
16. ‘Report by General Sir A. Thorne on his Visit to German Senior Officer Prisoners of War at No.11 Camp on 3 April 1945’, WO 208/5627.
17. WO 165/41, April 1945. They were Generals Walter Somme and Johannes Fink of the German air force; General O. Hitzfeld, Major Generals: Alexander von Pfuhlstein, Ludwig Hellmann, Gerhard Fischer, Wilhelm Kohlbach, Walter Lindner; Erich Büscher, Wilhelm Viebig, Paul Goerbig, Maximilian Jais, Paul Steinbach, Heinrich Hoffmann, Otto Schneider, Heinrich Bruns, Richard Habermehl, Hubert Lütkenhaus, Hans Erxleben, Gerhard Franz, H. Kokott, E. König, A. Kuen, E. Stahl and Rudolf Petrauschke. Captured Lieutenant Generals were: Kurt Gerlach, Karl Veith, Erwin Leister, Walter Friedensburg, Fritz Pauer, Wolgang Lange, Fritz Neidholdt, Ralph von Oriola, Richard Schimpf, Alfred Sturm, Franz Sensfuss, Hans von Boineburg, Hans von Sommerfeld, Horst von Uckermann, Karl Burdach, Max Siry, Karl Reiter, von Hernekamp (in hospital), von Kirchheim; also Colonels J. Harpe and K. Hollidt; and Vice Admirals Wilhelm Tackenberg, Kurt Utke and Siegfried Engel.