by Helen Fry
18. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
19. GRGG 301, 23 May 1945, pp. 8–9, WO 208/4178.
20. Ibid.
21. GRGG 306, 2 June 1945, pp. 2–3, WO 208/4178.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. GRGG 281, 11 April 1945, WO 208/4177.
29. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
30. Hugh Trevor Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, p. 101.
31. GRGG 286, 23 April 1945, p. 5, WO 208/4177.
32. Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, p. 107.
33. GRGG 292, 4 May 1945, pp. 3–9, WO 208/4177.
34. Ibid., p. 3.
35. Interview with the author.
36. Reported in GRGG 323, 30 June–5 July 1945, WO 208/4178.
37. GRGG 329, 6–20 July 1945, WO 208/4178.
38. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. SRGG 1209(c), 13 May 1945, WO 208/5622.
42. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
43. Ibid.
44. St Clare Grondona, ‘Sidelights on Wilton Park’, p. 35.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., pp. 36–7.
47. Ibid. Kurt Dittmar overlapped at Wilton Park with von Rundstedt in May 1945. Dittmar was transferred to Trent Park at least two months before the field marshal.
48. Ibid.
49. Copy sent to the author.
50. St Clare Grondona, ‘Sidelights on Wilton Park’, p. 37.
51. Ibid., p. 36.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
14: BRITISH INTELLIGENCE, POWS AND WAR CRIMES TRIALS
1. Interview with the author.
2. Hart, Journey into Freedom, p. 102.
3. Interview with the author.
4. GRGG 314, 15 June 1945, p. 4, WO 208/4178.
5. GRGG 311, 7 June 1945, WO 208/4178.
6. The belief that the photographs were faked was still circulating that summer. See GRGG 344, 21 August 1945, p. 14, WO 208/4178.
7. GRGG 311, 7 June 1945, WO 208/4178. Felbert had previously denied any knowledge of the killings: see GRGG 253, 26–27 January 1945, WO 208/5018.
8. GRGG 311, 7 June 1945, WO 208/4178.
9. Terence Prittie, Germany Divided, p. 53.
10. GRGG 297, 10 May 1945 and GRGG 300, 20 May 1945, both in WO 208/4177.
11. GRGG 281, 8–9 April 1945, pp. 5–6, WO 208/4177.
12. Ibid.
13. GRGG 302, 25 May 1945, WO 208/4178.
14. Memo entitled ‘German Atrocities’ from MI14, dated 14 May 1945, which comments on the subject to be discussed at the forthcoming Joint Intelligence Committee, on 15 May 1945, copy in WO 208/3466.
15. Ibid.
16. GRGG 314, 7–30 June 1945, WO 208/4178.
17. Interview with Eric Mark.
18. GRGG 314, 7–13 June 1945, WO 208/4178.
19. GRGG 265, 7 Feb–1 March 1945, WO 208/4178.
20. GRGG 292, 4 May 1945, WO 208/4177.
21. GRGG 363, 9 October 1945, WO 208/4178.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. GRGG 264, 24–26 February 1945, WO 208/4177.
28. Ibid. For mass killings at Rostov, see also SRGG 1089(c), 27 December 1944, WO 208/4169.
29. SRGG 275, 26 March 1945, pp. 3–6, WO 208/4177.
30. Ibid.
31. GRGG 277, 1 April 1945, pp. 2–3, WO 208/4177.
32. GRGG 271, 10–12 March 1945, WO 208/4177.
33. Interview with Fritz Lustig and Eric Mark.
34. Minutes of both meetings in WO 208/3466.
35. Memo entitled ‘German Atrocities’ from MI14, dated 14 May 1945, which comments on the subject to be discussed at the forthcoming Joint Intelligence Committee, on 15 May 1945.
36. Note JIC/731/45, 4 June 1945, WO 208/3466.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. During the war, Derry had escaped twice as a prisoner of the Germans, having jumped once from a moving train on its way to Auschwitz, and the second time tunnelling out of Camp 21 in Italy. He became head of the Rome Organization and coordinated the escape and evasion of over 3,000 Allied airmen and soldiers. He was awarded the DSO and MC.
40. Directive from Derry, 16 November 1945, WO 311/632.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Minute dated 28 November 1945 issued by Judge Advocate General, WO 311/632.
45. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
46. WO 208/3466.
47. Personal Minute, Winston Churchill to General Ismay (for Chiefs of Staff), 16 February 1944, CAB 121/236.
48. WO 165/41, March 1944.
15: ALWAYS LISTENING
1. Helen Fry, Denazification.
2. Fry, The London Cage, pp. 126–92.
3. Jeremy Bernstein, Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall and Brown, Operation Big. See also Jim Baggott, Atomic: The First War of Physics and the Secret History of the Atom Bomb, 1939–1945, pp. 339–56.
4. The other scientists held at Farm Hall were Werner Heisenberg, Paul Harteck, Erich Bagge, Kurt Diebner, Walther Gerlach, Horst Korsching, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Karl Wirtz.
5. File containing solely material on Operation Epsilon, WO 208/5019.
6. Bernstein, Hitler’s Uranium Club, p. 73. Lieutenant Commander Eric Welsh was based with Naval Intelligence Division at the Admiralty.
7. WO 165/41, July 1944.
8. Hoare, Camp 020.
9. FO 1060/11.
10. See Ian Cobain, Cruel Britannia: A Secret History of Torture, and Dominic Streatfeild, Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control.
11. They were Fritz Lustig, Eric Mark, Peter Baines, Peter Bendix, Oscar Hamm, Walter Beevers, Richard Stern, Franz Huelsen, Peter Türkheim, Walter Hellier, Rees Nichols, Wolfgang Meyer and Freddie Katz.
12. Independent interviews with Fritz Lustig and Eric Mark.
13. Information provided by the family.
14. Ibid.
15. Their bugged conversations survive in WO 208/4178.
16. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
17. GRGG 341, 28 July–7 August 1945, WO 208/4178.
18. Dornberger’s interrogation reports survive in WO 208/3121.
19. GRGG 341, 11 August 1945, pp. 10–11, WO 208/4178.
20. Ibid.
21. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
22. WO 208/4178.
23. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
27. Personal file in WO 208/3504.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Letter dated 29 September 1945, in papers of Captain Hamley, National Army Museum, ref: 1993-10-162.
31. Sullivan, Thresholds of Peace, pp. 356–8; and Mayne, In Victory, Magnanimity, p. 28.
32. Derek R. Mallett, Hitler’s Generals in America: Nazi POWs and Allied Military Intelligence, pp. 107–32.
33. Overseen by the Trent Park Museum Trust; www.trentparkmuseum.org.uk
34. ‘Report and Proceedings’, 21 May 1945, ADM 1/18422.
35. The White House has had various name changes. It was previously called West Farm Place and Norrysbury; and once belonged to the Bevan family who had owned Trent Park and Ludgrove Hall.
36. Nancy Clark, Hadley Wood: Its Background and Development, pp. 88–9.
37. ‘Report and Proceedings’, 21 May 1945 and 23 June 1945, ADM 1/18422.
38. Interview with Melanie McFadyean, 2013.
39. Other members of FIU were Julius Lunzer, Brian Connell, Charles Mitchell, Patrick Dalzel-Job, Lt T.W. Broecker (USNR) and Lt Kaminada (RNVR). Charles Everett became Staff Officer (Security) at Emden, and Donald Welbourn interviewed scientific and technical
sources in Germany. Information kindly provided by Derek Nudd.
40. ‘Report and Proceedings’, 21 May 1945 and 23 June 1945, ADM 1/18422.
41. Roger Hermiston, The Greatest Traitor: The Secret Lives of Agent George Blake, pp. 170–1.
42. Ibid.
43. Richard Davenport-Hines, Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain; and Andrew Lownie, Stalin’s Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess.
44. Summary report of the Joint Intelligence Sub Committee meeting, 1 May 1945 to form CSDIC (WEA) and wind down CSDIC (UK), WO 208/3451.
45. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945 section 288, AIR 40/2636.
46. Ibid., section 289, AIR 40/2636.
47. Ibid., section 297, AIR 40/2636.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Adolf Galland, The First and the Last: The German Fighter Force in World War II, p. 125. Galland’s interrogation reports survive in WO 208/4292: in particular ADI(K) report No.311, 1945.
51. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945, section 253 and 254, AIR 40/2636.
52. AIR 29/1104.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. For official file on Inkpot, see AIR 40/1178.
56. Crockatt to C, 1 September 1945, WO 208/5622.
57. This included appointments as lecturer at Royal Holloway College, London; lecturer in German Philology and Medieval Literature at Westfield College (London); Reader in German at Oxford University, then Emeritus Professor of German; Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford; and Resident Fellow at Herzog August Bibliothek (Wolfenbüttel). During his time at Oxford, Ganz acted as facilitator in establishing contacts between German studies in England and Germany. In recognition of this, in 1973 he received the Grosses Bundesverdienstkreuz by the Federal Republic. He died on 17 August 2006.
58. Hart, Journey into Freedom, p. 112.
59. Interview with the author.
EPILOGUE: SECRETS TO THE GRAVE
1. Fritz Lustig, interviews with the author; and his interview with Sir David Jason for the documentary series David Jason’s Secret Service, Channel 4, 2017.
2. Official report of 14 February 2017 by Historic England to Enfield Council’s Planning Department in relation to the housing development at Trent Park in North London (MI9’s former site).
3. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945, section 112–125, AIR 40/2636.
4. Extract of Report by the Joint Intelligence Sub Committee, 15 February 1945, copy amongst Kendrick’s personal papers.
5. ‘Intelligence from Prisoners of War’, report by Denys Felkin, 31 December 1945, section 122, AIR 40/2636.
6. Ibid.
7. ‘Prisoner of War Interrogation 1939–1945’, p. 11, ADM 223/475.
8. Interview with Tom Deveson, 2013.
9. Letter amongst Kendrick’s personal papers.
10. Official report of 14 February 2017 by Historic England to Enfield Council’s Planning Department in relation to the housing development at Trent Park.
11. St Clare Grondona, ‘Sidelights on Wilton Park’, p. 35.
Bibliography
PAPERS AND ARCHIVES
Archives at the Military Intelligence Museum and Archives, Chicksands; RAF Medmenham Archives; the papers of Lieutenant Colonel Henry Dicks (ref: PP/HVD) at the Wellcome Library (London); private papers and photographs from the family of the late Colonel Kendrick; unpublished memoirs of Lieutenant Commander Donald Burkewood Welbourn, RNVR (ref: 99/6/1) at the Imperial War Museum; and uncatalogued war diaries of Bernard Trench, at the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth. Papers of Captain E.A. Hamley at the National Army Museum (refs: 1993-10-162 and 1993-10-163).
INTERVIEWS
This book draws on interviews with: Thomas Joseph Kendrick’s grandchildren, Barbara Lloyd and Ken Walsh; secret listeners, Paul Douglas, Fritz Lustig and Eric Mark; surviving relatives of secret listeners and intelligence staff, Dudley Bennett, Otto Bennett, Richard Benson, Richard Deveson, Liz Driscoll, Adam Ganz, Roger Lloyd-Pack, Derek Nudd, Jessica Pulay and Anne Walton; former female intelligence staff, Evelyn Barron, Elizabeth Bruegger (née Rees-Mogg), Susan Lustig (née Cohn) and Cynthia Turner (née Crew).
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
ADM 1/10579, ADM 1/18422, ADM 1/23905, ADM 116/4572, ADM 186/805, ADM 186/809, ADM 223/257, ADM 223/472, AIR 14/743, AIR 14/744, AIR 29/1104, AIR 40/2394, AIR 40/2572, AIR 40/2636, AIR 40/2839, AIR 40/3070, AIR 40/3093, AIR 40/3102, AIR 40/3106, AIR 40/3108, CAB 113/41, CAB 121/236, DEFE 1/339, ED 78/418, ED 78/419, FO 371/21691, FO 371/22321, FO 898/320, HW 57/35, KV 2/3766, KV 2/3767, KV 4/302, PREM 3/219/5, WO 32/10720, WO 94/105, WO 165/39, WO 165/41, WO 208/3433, WO 208/3451, WO 208/3455, WO 208/3456, WO 208/3457, WO 208/3466, WO 208/3474, WO 208/3504, WO 208/3582, WO 208/4202, WO 208/4117, WO 208/4121, WO 208/4123, WO 208/4128, WO 208/4131, WO 208/4136, WO 208/4137, WO 208/4141, WO 208/4148, WO 208/4158, WO 208/4165, WO 208/4166, WO 208/4167, WO 208/4168, WO 208/4169, WO 208/4177, WO 208/4178, WO 208/4196, WO 208/4292, WO 208/4363, WO 208/4364, WO 208/4471, WO 208/4796, WO 208/4970, WO 208/5016, WO 208/5017, WO 208/5018, WO 208/5019, WO 208/5158, WO 208/5550, WO 208/5621, WO 208/5622, WO 208/5623, WO 311/54, WO 311/632.
PUBLISHED WORKS
Andrew, Christopher. Secret Service, Book Club Associates: 1985.
Baggott, Jim. Atomic: The First War of Physics and the Secret History of the Atom Bomb, 1939–1945, Icon: 2015.
Bernstein, Jeremy. Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall, Copernicus Books: 2001.
Brown, Colin. Operation Big: The Race to Stop Hitler’s A-Bomb, Amberley Publishing: 2016.
de Burgh, Lucy. My Italian Adventures: An English Girl at War 1943–47, The History Press: 2013.
Clark, Nancy. Hadley Wood: Its Background and Development, Ward Lock: 1968.
Cobain, Ian. Cruel Britannia: A Secret History of Torture, Portobello Books: 2013.
Collins, Damian. Charmed Life: The Phenomenal World of Philip Sassoon, William Collins: 2016.
Davenport-Hines, Richard. Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain, William Collins: 2018.
Fermor, Patrick Leigh. Abducting a General: The Kreipe Operation and SOE in Crete, John Murray: 2015.
Fraser-Smith, Charles. The Secret War of Charles Fraser-Smith, Michael Joseph: 1981.
Fry, Helen. Churchill’s German Army, second edition: Thistle Publishing: 2015.
——. Denazification, The History Press: 2010.
——. Jews in North Devon During the Second World War, Halsgrove: 2005.
——. The London Cage: The Secret History of Britain’s World War II Interrogation Centre, Yale University Press: 2017.
——. Spymaster: The Secret Life of Kendrick, Thistle Publishing: 2015.
Galland, Adolf. The First and the Last: The German Fighter Force in World War II, Methuen: 1955.
Gilbert, Martin. Auschwitz and the Allies, Michael Joseph: 1981.
——. Beyond the Call of Duty: British Diplomats and Other Britons Who Helped Jews Escape from Nazi Tyranny, Foreign and Commonwealth Office: 2008.
Hart, Peter. Journey into Freedom, Authors OnLine: 2003.
Hermiston, Roger. The Greatest Traitor: The Secret Lives of Agent George Blake, Aurum Press: 2014.
Hoare, Oliver. Camp 020: MI5 and Nazi Spies – The Official History of MI5’s Wartime Interrogation Centre, Public Record Office: 2000.
Jackson, Sophie. Churchill’s Unexpected Guests: Prisoners of War in Britain in World War II, The History Press: 2010.
Jeffery, Keith. MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949, Bloomsbury: 2010.
Jestin, Catherine. A War Bride’s Story, privately published.
Jones, R.V. Most Secret War, Coronet: 1978.
Kenyon, David. Bletchley Park and D-Day, Yale: 2019.
Kiszely, John. Anatomy of a Campaign: The
British Fiasco in Norway, 1940, Cambridge University Press: 2017.
Leighton-Langer, Peter. The King’s Own Loyal Enemy Aliens, Vallentine Mitchell: 2006.
Lewis, Damien. Hunting Hitler’s Nukes: The Secret Race to Stop the Nazi Bomb, Quercus: 2016.
Lownie, Andrew. Stalin’s Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Hodder: 2016.
Lustig, Fritz. My Lucky Life, privately published: 2017.
McLachlan, Donald. Room 39: Naval Intelligence in Action 1939–45, Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 1968.
Mallett, Derek R. Hitler’s Generals in America: Nazi POWs and Allied Military Intelligence, University Press of Kentucky: 2013.
Masterman, John. The Double-Cross System, Vintage: 2013.
Mayne, Richard. In Victory, Magnanimity, in Peace, Goodwill: A History of Wilton Park, Whitehall History Publishing: 2003.
Medawar, Jean and David Pyke. Hitler’s Gift, Richard Cohen Books: 2000.
Moss, W. Stanley. Ill Met by Moonlight, Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 2014.
Neitzel, Sönke (ed.). Tapping Hitler’s Generals: Transcripts of Secret Conversations, 1942–45, Frontline: 2007.
Nudd, Derek. Castaways of the Kriegsmarine: How Shipwrecked German Seamen helped the Allies Win the Second World War, CreateSpace: 2017.
Prittie, Terence. Germany Divided, Hutchinson: 1961.
Rankin, Nicholas. Ian Fleming’s Commandos: The Story of the Legendary 30 Assault Unit, Faber: 2011.
Richards, Lee. The Black Art: British Clandestine Psychological Warfare against the Third Reich, 2010: available at www.psywar.org
Sanders, Eric. From Music to Morse, privately published autobiography.
Scotland, Alexander P. The London Cage, Evans Brothers Ltd: 1957.
Smith, Michael. Foley: The Spy Who Saved 10,000 Jews, Politico’s Publishing: revised edition, 2004.
——. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park Codebreakers Helped Win the War, Biteback Publishing: 2011.