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Notes
Prologue
1. Information gleaned from the interview of Dr Subodh Naik with Babasaheb Purandhare on 11 November 2018 in Pune.
2. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra , Vol. 1. (translated by the author), New Delhi: Prabhat Prakashan.
Chapter 1: The Early Years
1. R. Temple to the viceroy (Lytton): 3 July 1879 and 9 July 1879 (Mss Eur F86/5: 1877–1880), India Office Records and Private Papers, British Library, London.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. V.N. Mandlik, ‘Preliminary observations on a document giving an account of the establishment of a new village named Muruda, in Southern Konkana’, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society , Vol. VIII (1864–66), p. 3; J. Wilson, Indian Caste , Vol. II, (Bombay, Edinburgh and London, 1877), pp. 20–21; I. Karve, ‘The Parasurama Myth’, Journal of the University of Bombay , Vol. I (July 1932).
5. E.E. McDonald, ‘The Modernizing of Communication: Vernacular Publishing in 19th Century Maharashtra’, Asian Survey 8.7 (1968), p. 596.
6. R. Temple to the viceroy (Lytton): 3 July 1879; British Library, London.
7. Mss Eur F86/5: 1877–80, British Library, London.
8. References to family ancestry in the Marathi biography of Babarao Savarkar: D.N. Gokhale, Krantiveer Babarao Savarkar , Vol. 2 (Srividya Prakashan, Poona, 1979), pp. 2–3.
9. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra , Vol. 1, pp. 126–27.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. The biography of Babarao mentions a different story about the idol being brought by an ancestor, Visaji Hari, who had fought the Makrani tribes of Malwa and confiscated it from their custody. It had then passed down the generations.
13. Here too there are different accounts given by Vinayak and Babarao. The latter’s biography by D.N. Gokhale states (p. 7) that once the idol was given away to the priest of the Khandoba temple, he started getting horrifying dreams in which a snake began to appear and terrorize him. In utter fright, he returned the idol to the Savarkar family. Hence, the idol was not away from them for too long. One is not sure which version is correct.
14. Radhabai passed away in the Hindu Shaka Year 1814, Ashadha month, Shuddha Pratipada at 6 a.m. (D.N. Gokhale, Krantiveer Babarao Savarkar , Vol. 2, 1979, p. 11.)
15. Y.D. Phadke, Visaya Shatakatil Maharashtra , Vol. 1 (Srividya Prakashan, Pune, 1989), p. 8.
16. N.C. Kelkar, Lokmanya Tilakyanchi Charitra (Riya Publications, Kolhapur, 2012), p. 120.
17. Stanley Wolpert, Tilak and Gokhale : Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1961), p. 36.
18. Agarkar to Tilak, 25 December 1888, Tilak Papers, Kesari Office, Poona.
19. N.C. Kelkar, Lokmanya Tilakyanchi Charitra , p. 221.
20. V.S. Joshi, Wasudev Balwant Phadke: First Indian Rebel Against the British Rule , pp. 40–41.
21. References for the retaliation from Phadke, see: J. Kellock, Mahadev Govind Ranade (Calcutta, 1926); Letter of Temple to Lytton from British Library, London; and G.R.G. Hambly, ‘Mahratta Nationalism before Tilak’, Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society , 49:2 (1962), pp.144–60.
22. Bombay Gazette, 15 May 1879, Maharashtra State Archives, Mumbai.
23. Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India , Vol. I (Bombay State Publication, Bombay, 1957), p. 89.
24. Ibid., p. 86.
25. Ibid., p. 128.
26. Amrita Bazar Patrika , 15 November 1879.
27. Hume to Northbrook, 1 August 1872, Northbrook Papers.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. William Bart Wedderburn, Allan Octavian Hume, C.B.: Father of the Indian National Congress, 1829 to 1912 (London, 1913).
31. Presidential Address of 1893 in V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra , Vol. 1, pp. 37, 90.
Chapter 2: Painful Transitions
1. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra , Vol. 1, pp. 309–12.
2. Commissioner-in-Charge, Poona, ‘Riots at Nasik Between Hindus and Muhammadans’ (16 February 1894), enclosed with Commissioner to G.C. Whitworth, Acting Secretary to Government, Judicial Department (15 March 1894), Bombay Archives Judicial Department (hereafter BAJD), Vol. 284, comp. no. 545, part III (1894).
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. For references to these Hindu–Muslim disturbances, see, Shabnum Tejani. ‘Music, Mosques and Custom: Local Conflict and Communalism in a Maharashtrian Weaving Town, 1893–1894’, Journal of South Asian Studies , 30:2, pp. 223–40.
8. Copy of ruling in letter from Government Pleader, High Court (24 November 1893), with G.C. Whitworth’s departmental letter (15 March 1894), BAJD, Vol. 284, No. 545, part III (1894).
9. Inspector General of Police Bombay to Government of Bombay, 15 July 1899, Enclosure 2, Home Public A, September 1899, National Archives of India, New Delhi, p. 5.
10. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra , Vol. 1, pp. 151–55.
11. Ibid., p. 152.
12. Prachi Deshpande, ‘Narratives of Pride: History and Regional Identity in Maharashtra, India c. 1870–1960’, (Tufts University, 2002), p. 156. (Unpublished Dissertation.)
13. Ibid., p. 151.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 152.
16. J.J. Heaton, private secretary to governor, demi-official
, 10 March 1897, with GRGD cited no. 13 above; Rand to Secretary, GD, no. 752 of 1 March 1897, with GRGD no. 1272/765-P of 9 March 1897, Plague Compilation no. 127, GD Plague, Vol. 75 of 1897, Maharashtra State Archives, Mumbai.
17. Myron J. Echenberg, Plague Ports: The Global Urban Impact of Bubonic Plague, 1894–1901 (New York University Press, New York, 2007), pp. 66–68.
18. Damodar Chapekar’s autobiography in source material for A History of the Freedom Movement in India , Vol. II. (Government of Bombay, Bombay, 1958), pp. 954–65.
19. Ibid., p. 957.
20. Ibid., p. 961.
21. Ibid., p. 964.
22. Ibid., p. 1002.
23. Ibid., pp. 1000–10.
24. Ibid., p. 998.
25. Unknown to people, it is said that Tilak secretly funded the Chapekars, as also Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj. This is referenced in the Marathi biography of Tilak—Lokmanya Tilak aani Krantikarak by Y.D. Phadke, and Jnankoshkar Ganesh Rango Bhide by Pratibha Ranade. Shahu Maharaj had a revolutionary club called Shivaji Club in Kolhapur. It is believed that since Chapekar wrote these in his memoir from the Yeravada jail and knowing that his writings would be tracked, he tried to provide cover to Tilak by even being excessively critical of him at times.
26. Ibid., pp. 975–76.
27. Ibid., p. 1001.
28. Ibid., p. 348.
29. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra, Vol. 1, p. 177.
30. Vishwanath Prasad Varma, The Life and Philosophy of Lokmanya Tilak (Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra, n.d.), p. 518.
31. Kal, 17 March 1899.
32. V.D. Savarkar, Savarkar Samagra, Vol. 1, pp. 179–80.
33. S.S. Setlur and K.G. Deshpande, A Full and Authentic Report of the Trial of the Hon’ble Mr. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, B.A., LLB at the Fourth Criminal Sessions 1897 (The Education Society’s Press, Byculla, 1897), p. 69.
34. Ibid., Appendix A, p. 4.
35. Ibid., Appendix A, p. 5.
36. Stanley Wolpert, Tilak and Gokhale : Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1961), p. 101.
37. Vishwanath Prasad Varma, The Life and Philosophy of Lokmanya Tilak , pp. 99–106.
38. Ibid., p. 126.