The Age of Napoleon

Home > Nonfiction > The Age of Napoleon > Page 124
The Age of Napoleon Page 124

by Will Durant


  GUÉRARD, A. L., French Civilization in the Nineteenth Century. London, 1914.

  GUICCIOLI, COUNTESS, My Recollections of Lord Byron. Philadelphia, 1869.

  GUILLEMIN, HENRI, Napoléon tel quel. Paris, 1969.

  HALÉVY, ÉLIE, History of the English People in 1815. New York, 1924.

  HANCOCK, A. E., The French Revolution and the English Poets. Port Washington, N.Y., 1967.

  HAUSER, ARNOLD, The Social History of Art, 2v. New York, 1952.

  HAWKINS, SIR JOHN, Life of Samuel Johnson. New York, 1961.

  HAZLITT, WILLIAM, Lectures on the English Poets and The Spirit of the Age. Everyman’s Library.

  HEGEL, GEORG WILHELM, The Philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Hegel, ed. Carl J. Friedrich. Modern Library, 1954.

  ———, Philosophy of History. New York, 1900.

  ———, Philosophy of Right, Great Books, Vol. 40.

  HEILBRONER, ROBERT L., The Worldly Philosophers. New York, 1953.

  HELVÉTIUS, CLAUDE- ADRIEN, De l’Esprit, or Essays on the Mind. London, 1807.

  HEROLD, J. CHRISTOPHER, Bonaparte in Egypt. New York, 1962.

  ———, ed., The Mind of Napoleon. New York, 1965.

  ———, Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame de Staël. Indianapolis, 1958.

  HIRSCH, E. D., JR., Wordsworth and Schelling. New Haven, Conn., 1960.

  HIRSH, DIANA, The World of Turner. New York, 1969.

  HOBSBAWN, E. J., The Pelican Economic History of Britain. Baltimore, 1969.

  HÖFFDING, HARALD, History of Modern Philosophy, 2v. New York, 1955.

  HORN, F. W., History of the Literature of the Scandinavian North. Chicago, 1884.

  HORNE, R. H., The History of Napoleon, 2v. London, 1844.

  HOUSSAYE, HENRI, La Première Abdication. Paris, 1905.

  ———, La Première Restauration. Paris, 1905.

  ———, 1815: La Seconde Abdication. Paris, 1905.

  ———, 1815: Waterloo. Kansas City, 1905.

  HOWARTH, DAVID, Trafalgar. New York, 1969.

  ———, Waterloo: Day of Battle. New York, 1968.

  HUGO, VICTOR, Ninety-three, in Works, Vol. VII. New York: University Society, n.d.

  HUMBOLDT, ALEXANDER VON, Cosmos, 5v. London, 1845.

  HUTT, MAURICE, Napoleon. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1972.

  JUNOT, MME. ANDOCHE, DUCHESSE D’ABRANTÈS, Memoirs of the Emperor Napoleon, 3v. London, 1901.

  KAFKER, F. A., and J. M. LAUX, The French Revolution: Conflicting Interpretations. New York, 1968.

  KAUFMAN, WALTER, Hegel: Reinterpretation, Texts and Commentary. New York, 1965.

  KERST, FRIEDRICH, Beethoven in His Own Words. New York, 1964.

  KIRCHEISEN, F. M., Memoirs of Napoleon I, Compiled from His Writings. New York, 1929.

  KORNILOV, ALEXANDER, Modern Russian History. New York, 1924.

  KROPOTKIN, PETER A., The Great French Revolution. New York, 1909.

  ———, Ideals and Realities in Russian Literature. New York, 1919.

  ———, Modern Science and Anarchism. New York, 1908.

  LA BRUYÈRE, JEAN DE, Characters. New York, 1929.

  LACROIX, PAUL, Directoire, Consulat et Empire. Paris, 1884.

  LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE, History of the Girondists, 3v. London, 1913.

  LANFREY, PIERRE, History of Napoleon, 4v. London, 1886.

  LÁNG, PAUL HENRY, Music in Western Civilization. New York, 1941.

  LANSON, GUSTAVE, Histoire de la littérature française, 12th ed. Paris, 1912.

  LAS CASES, COMTE EMMANUEL DE, Memoirs of the Emperor Napoleon, 4v. New York, 1883.

  LEA, H. C., History of the Inquisition in Spain, 4v. New York, 1906.

  LE BON, GUSTAVE, The Psychology of Revolution. New York, 1913.

  LECKY, WILLIAM E., History of England in the Eighteenth Century, 8v. London, 1887.

  LEFEBVRE, GEORGES, Études sur la Révolution française. Paris, 1963.

  ———, The French Revolution. London, 1962.

  ———, Napoleon, 2v. New York, 1969.

  LEMAîTRE, JULES, Chateaubriand. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, n.d.

  LENOTRE, G., The Tribunal of the Terror. Philadelphia, 1939.

  LEVY, MAX, Private Life of Napoleon, 2v. New York: Scribner, n.d.

  LEWES, GEORGE, Life of Goethe, 2v, in Goethe, Works, 14v in 7. New York, 1902.

  LOCY, WILLIAM A., Biology and Its Makers. New York, 1915.

  LONGFORD, ELIZABETH, Wellington: The Years of the Sword. New York, 1969.

  LOOMIS, STANLEY, Paris in the Terror. Philadelphia, 1964.

  LOWES, J. LIVINGSTON, The Road to Xanadu. New York, 1927.

  MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON, Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays, 2v. New York, 1886.

  MACLAURIN, C., Post Mortem. New York: Doran, n.d.

  MADELIN, LOUIS, The Consulate and the Empire, 2v. New York, 1967.

  ———, The French Revolution. London, 1938.

  ———, Talleyrand. London, 1948.

  MAINE DE BIRAN, MARIE- FRANÇOIS, The Influence of Habit on the Faculty of Thinking. Westport, Conn., 1970.

  MAISTRE, COMTE JOSEPH- MARIE DE, Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg, 2V. Paris: Garnier, n.d.

  ———, Works, tr. Jack Lively. New York, 1865.

  MALTHUS, THOMAS R., An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798 and 1803. New York, 1926.

  MANTZIUS, KARL, History of Theatrical Art, 6v. New York, 1937.

  MARCHAND, LESLIE A., Byron, 3v. New York, 1957.

  MARGOLIOUTH, H. M., William Blake. Oxford University Press, 1951.

  MARKUN, LEO, Mrs. Grundy: A History of Four Centuries of Morals. New York, 1930.

  MARTINEAU, GILBERT, Napoleon’s St. Helena. New York, 1969.

  MARX, KARL, and FRIEDRICH ENGELS, The Revolution in Spain. New York, 1939.

  MASSON, FRÉDÉRIC, Napoleon and His Coronation. Philadelphia: Lippincott, n.d.

  ———, Napoleon at Home, 2v. London, 1894.

  MATHIEZ, ALBERT, The French Revolution. New York, 1964.

  ———, After Robespierre: The Thermidorian Reaction. New York, 1931.

  MAUROIS, ANDRÉ, Byron. New York, 1930.

  MAYNE, ETHEL C, Life and Letters of Anna Isabella, Lady Noel Byron. London, 1929.

  MCCABE, JOSEPH, Crises in the History of the Papacy. New York, 1916.

  MÉNEVAL, CLAUDE- FRANÇOIS DE, Memoirs of Napoleon, 3v. London, 1894–95.

  MICHELET, JULES, The French Revolution, 2v. London, 1890.

  MILL, JOHN STUART, On Bentham and Coleridge. New York, 1962.

  MISTLER, JEAN, ed., Napoléon et l’Empire, 2v. Paris, 1968.

  MONROE, PAUL, Text-book in the History of Education. New York, 1928.

  MOORE, F. J., History of Chemistry. New York, 1918.

  MOORMAN, MARY, William Wordsworth: The Early Years. Oxford University Press, 1968.

  ———, William Wordsworth: The Later Years. Oxford University Press, 1968.

  MORLEY, JOHN, Biographical Studies. London, 1923.

  MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR, Diary and Letters, 2v. London, 1889.

  MOSSIKER, FRANCES, Napoleon and Josephine. New York, 1964.

  MUSSET, ALFRED DE, Confessions of a Child of the Century. New York, 1908.

  MUTHER, RICHARD, History of Modern Painting, 4v. London, 1907.

  NAPOLEON, Letters, ed. J. M. Thompson. Everyman’s Library.

  ———, Letters to Josephine, tr. H. W. Bunn. New York, 1931.

  NELSON, HORATIO, Letters. Everyman’s Library.

  New Cambridge Modern History (NCMH), Vols. VIII and IX. Cambridge, Eng., 1969.

  NICHOLSON, HAROLD, Benjamin Constant. Garden City, N.Y., 1949.

  NIETZSCHE, FRIEDRICH, Beyond Good and Evil. London, 1913.

  ———, The Will to Power. London, 1913.

  NOLI, BISHOP F. S., Beethoven and the French Revolution. International Universities Press, 1947.

  O’MEARA, BARRY, Napoleon in Exile, or A Voice from St. Helena, 2v. Philadelphia, 1822.

  ORTZ
EN, LEN, Imperial Venus: The Story of Pauline Bonaparte Borghese. New York, 1974.

  OSBORN, H. F., From the Greeks to Darwin. New York, 1922.

  OWEN, ROBERT, A New View of Society. Everyman’s Library.

  PAINE, THOMAS, The Age of Reason. New York, n.d.

  ———, The Rights of Man. Everyman’s Library.

  PALMER, ALAN, Metternich. London, 1972.

  ———, Napoleon in Russia. New York, 1967.

  PALMER, R. R., Twelve Who Died. Princeton, 1970.

  PASCAL, ROY, The German Novel. Manchester, Eng., 1957.

  PAULSEN, FRIEDRICH, German Education. New York, 1908.

  Pelican Guide to English Literature, Vol. V. Baltimore, 1963.

  PETERSEN, HOUSTON, ed., A Treasury of the World’s Great Speeches. New York, 1954.

  PHILLIPS, C. S., The Church in France, 1789–1848. London, 1929.

  PINOTEAU, HERVÉ, ed., Le Sacre de S. M. l’empereur Napoléon. Paris, 1968.

  PLUMB, J. H., The First Four Georges. New York, 1957.

  POPE, DUDLEY, The Great Gamble: Nelson at Copenhagen. New York, 1972.

  QUENNELL, M. and C, History of Everyday Things in England, 1733–1851. New York, 1934.

  RÉAU, LOUIS, L’ Art russe. Paris, 1922.

  RÉMUSAT, MME. DE, Memoirs. New York, 1880.

  ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB, Diary. London, 1927.

  ROBINSON, JAMES HARVEY, Readings in European History. Boston, 1906.

  ROBIQUEL, JEAN, Daily Life in the French Revolution. New York, 1965.

  ROGERS, JAMES EDWIN THOROLD, Six Centuries of Work and Wages. New York, 1890.

  ROLAND, MME., Private Memoirs. Chicago, 1900.

  ROSE, J. HOLLAND, The Personality of Napoleon. New York, 1912.

  ROSEBERY, ARCHIBALD PHILIP PRIMROSE, LORD, Napoleon: The Last Phase. New York, 1930.

  ———, Pitt. London, 1908.

  ROSEBURY, THEODOR, Microbes and Morals. New York, 1971.

  ROSS, EDWARD A., Social Control. New York, 1906.

  RUDE, GEORGE, The Crowd in the French Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1959.

  ———, The Crowd in History. New York, 1964.

  ———, Robespierre. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967.

  RUSSELL, A. G., The Engravings of William Blake. Boston, 1912.

  RUSSELL, BERTRAND, Understanding History and Other Essays. New York, 1957.

  SAINTE-BEUVE, CHARLES- AUGUSTIN, Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire sous l’Empire, 2v. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, n.d.

  ———, Monday Chats. Chicago, 1891.

  ———, Portraits of Celebrated Women. Boston, 1868.

  SCHELLING, FRIEDRICH, The Ages of the World. New York, 1942.

  ———, Of Human Freedom. Chicago, 1936.

  SCHOPENHAUER, ARTHUR, The World as Will and Idea, 3v. London, 1883.

  SCOTT, WALTER, The Heart of Midlothian, in Works. New York: John W. Lovell, n.d.

  ———, Poems. New York: A. L. Burt, n.d.

  SEDGWICK, W. T., and H. W. TYLER, Short History of Science. New York, 1927.

  SEELEY, J. R., Life and Times of Stein, 2v. Boston, 1879.

  SÉGUR, MARQUIS DE, Marie Antoinette. New York, 1928.

  SHELLEY, PERCY BYSSHE, Letters, ed. F. L. Jones, 2V. Oxford University Press, 1964.

  ———, Lost Letters to Harriet. London, 1930.

  ———, Poems, in Complete Poems of Keats and Shelley. Modern Library.

  SIEYÈS, EMMANUEL- JOSEPH, What Is the Third Estate? New York, 1964.

  SIGERIST, H. E., The Great Doctors. New York, 1933.

  SOBOUL, ALBERT, The Parisian Sansculottes and the French Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1964.

  SOREL, ALBERT, Europe and the French Revolution, Vol. I. Garden City, N.Y., 1971.

  SOREL, GEORGES, Reflections on Violence. New York: Huebsch, n.d.

  SOUTHEY, ROBERT, Life of Nelson. London, 1868.

  STACE, W. T., The Philosophy of Hegel. New York, 1955.

  STACTON, DAVID, The Bonapartes. New York, 1966.

  STAËL, MME. DE, Considérations sur les principaux événements de la Révolution française. Paris, 1845.

  ———, Corinne, or Italy. New York: Crowell, n.d.

  ———, De la Littérature considérée dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales, translated as The Influence of Literature upon Society. Boston, 1813.

  ———, Germany, 2v. New York, 1861.

  ———, Ten Years’ Exile. Fontwell, Eng., 1968.

  STENDHAL (HENRI BEYLE), La Chartreuse de Parme. Baltimore: Penguin.

  STEPHENS, H. MORSE, Principal Speeches of the Statesmen and Orators of the French Revolution, 2v. Oxford, 1892.

  ———, The Story of Portugal. New York, 1893.

  STEVENS, ABEL, Madame de Staël, 2v. New York, 1893.

  STRAKHOVSKY, LEONID, Alexander I of Russia. New York, 1947.

  STRANAHAN, C. H., A History of French Painting. New York, 1907.

  SULLIVAN, J. W. N., Beethoven: His Spiritual Development. New York, 1927.

  TAINE, HIPPOLYTE, The Ancient Regime. New York, 1891.

  ———, The French Revolution, 3v. New York, 1931.

  ———, The Modern Regime, Vol. I. New York, 1890.

  ———, Les Philosophes classiques du XIXe siècle en France. Paris, 1882.

  TALLEYRAND- PÉRIGORD, CHARLES- MAURICE DE, Memoirs, 5v. Boston, 1895.

  THACKERAY, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE, The Four Georges, in Works. Boston: Dana Estes, n.d.

  ———, The Second Funeral of Napoleon,” Roundabout Papers, in Works. Boston: Dana Estes, n.d.

  THAYER, A. W., Life of Ludwig van Beethoven, 3v. London, 1962.

  THIERS, LOUIS-ADOLPHE, History of the Consulate and the Empire of France under Napoleon, 12v. Philadelphia, 1893.

  THORNTON, J. C, Table Talk from Ben Jonson to Leigh Hunt. Everyman’s Library.

  TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS DE, L’Ancien Régime. Oxford University Press, 1937.

  TRAILL, HENRY DUFF, Social England, 6v. New York, 1902.

  TREITSCHKE, HEINRICH VON, History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century, Vol. I. New York, 1915.

  TREVELYAN, G. M., English Social History. London, 1947.

  TURNER, P. M., and C. H. C. BAKER, Stories of the French Artists. New York, 1910.

  ÜBERWEG, FRIEDRICH, History of Philosophy, tr. Morris, 2v. New York, 1871.

  VALLENTIN, ANTONINA, Mirabeau. New York, 1948.

  VANDAL, ALBERT, L’Avènement de Napoléon, 2v. Paris, 1903, 1907.

  ———, Napoléon et Alexandre Ier, 3v. Paris, 1896.

  VAN DOREN, DOROTHY, The Lost Art: Letters of Seven Famous Women. New York, 1929.

  VAN LAUN, HENRI, History of French Literature, 3v. London, 1876.

  WATSON, J. STEVEN, The Reign of George III. Oxford, Eng., 1960.

  WEIDMAN, FRANZ, Hegel: An Illustrated Biography. New York, 1968.

  WHITE, R. J., Political Tracts of Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Shelley. London, 1953.

  WIENER, LEO, Anthology of Russian Literature, 2v. New York, 1902.

  WILLIAMS, HENRY SMITH, History of Science, 5v. New York, 1909.

  WILSON, P. W., William Pitt, the Younger. New York, 1934.

  WINGFIELD-STRATFORD, ESME, History of British Civilization. London, 1948.

  WINWAR, FRANCES, Farewell the Banner. New York, 1938.

  WOLF, A., History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1939.

  WOLLSTONECRAFT, MARY, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. New York, n.d.

  WOODS, WATT, and ANDERSON, The Literature of England, 2v. Chicago, 1936.

  WORDSWORTH, DOROTHY, Journals, ed. Mary Moorman. Oxford University Press, 1971.

  WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM, Complete Poetical Works. New York: A. L. Burt, n.d.

  WORDSWORTH and COLERIDGE, Lyrical Ballads. Oxford University Press, 1969.

  WRIGHT, RAYMOND, Prose of the Romantic Period, 1780–1830. Baltimore: Penguin (Pelican).

  YOUNG, ARTHUR, Travels in France During the Years
1787, 1788, and 1789. London, 1906.

  ZWEIG, STEFAN, Joseph Fouché. New York, 1930.

  Notes

  CHAPTER I

  1. New Cambridge Modern History (NCMH), VIII, 714.

  2. Lefebvre, Georges, French Revolution, I, 41.

  3. Aulard, Alphonse, Christianity and the French Revolution, 36–37.

  4. Ibid., 29.

  5. Taine, Hippolyte, French Revolution, I, 147, 158.

  6. Morley, John, Biographical Studies, 411.

  7. Lefebvre, French Revolution, I, 42.

  8. Sieyès, E.-J., What Is the Third Estate?, 51.

  9. Taine, French Revolution, III, 318.

  10. Pierre Gaxotte in Greenlaw, R. W., Economic Origins of the French Revolution, 43.

  11. See Durant, Rousseau and Revolution, 71–77.

  12. Roland, Mme., Private Memoirs.

  13. Taine, The Ancient Regime, 317.

  14. C. E. Labrousse in Greenlaw, 62; Lefebvre, Études sur la Révolution française, 229, 239.

  15. La Bruyère, Jean de, Characters, XII, 128, 318.

  16. A. Aulard in Greenlaw, 25.

  17. Lefebvre, Études, 351, 435.

  18. Michelet, Jules, French Revolution, I, 185; Taine, French Revolution, I, 3.

  19. NCMH, VIII, 660.

  20. Young, Arthur, Travels in France, 197.

  21. Campan, Jeanne-Louise, Memoirs of the Private Life of Marie Antoinette, II, 216.

  22. Tocqueville, Alexis de, L’Ancien Régime, 190–91.

  CHAPTER II

  1. Michelet, French Revolution, I, 84.

  2. Rude, George, Robespierre, 123.

  3. Morley, Biographical Studies, 287.

  4. Michelet, I, 498.

  5. Encyclopaedia Britannica, XIX, 392b.

  6. Lefebvre, Études, 145.

  7. Aulard, French Revolution, I, 230.

  8. Ibid., 309, 359; Lefebvre, Études, 145.

  9. Durant, Rousseau and Revolution, 951–54.

  10. Brinton, Crane, The Jacobins, 15.

  11. Mathiez, Albert, French Revolution, 44.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Mirabeau, speech of July 9, 1789.

  14. Mathiez, 46.

  15. EB, III, 264d; Gramont, Sanche de, Epitaph for Kings, 378.

  16. Taine, French Revolution, I, 42.

  17. Campan, Memoirs, II, 59.

  18. Ibid., 66.

  19. Gramont, Sanche de, Epitaph for Kings, 384.

  20. Gottschalk, L. R., Jean-Paul Marat, 6–8.

  21. Ibid., 4.

  22. MacLaurin, C., Post Mortem, 200.

 

‹ Prev