‘the most disobeyed man’: quoted Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini, London, 1981, p. 327
‘I guess I can’t take it’, etc., and ‘There’s no such thing’: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, pp. 147–8
‘after the war’: Blumenson (ed.), The Patton Papers, vol. ii, pp. 313–14
‘The Führer is determined’: TBJG, part II, vol. ix, p. 460
HMS Warspite and HMS Petard: Reg Crang, SWWEC, Everyone’s War, no. 20, Winter 2009
‘You’re slipping Jimmy’, ‘Putting the city’: GBP, Dec. 1943
‘a broken man’: Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant, p. 347 (‘ein gebrochener Mann’)
‘We stood to at dawn’: Michael Howard, Captain Professor: A Life in War and Peace, London, 2006, p. 73
‘That we will win’: Nachlass Jodl, 7.11.43, BA-MA N 69/17
33: Ukraine and the Teheran Conference
‘There were cases’: RGALI 619/1/953
‘Children, sons’: Reshat Zevadinovich Sadredinov in Drabkin (ed.), Svyashchennaya voina, p. 196
‘We collected those’: Mikhail Petrovich Chebykin, http://www.iremember.ru/pekhotintsi/chebikin-mikhail-petrovich/
‘Some peasant families’, ‘a little wizened’: GBP
‘Old men, when they’: RGALI 1710/1/100
‘This was the murder’: RGALI 1710/1/101
‘measures to shorten’: Moskovskaya Konferentsiya Ministrov Inostrannykh Del SSSR, SShA i Velikobritanii, Moscow, 1984, quoted Roberts, Stalin’s Wars, p. 177
‘little wooden box’ etc.: GBP
‘The Generalissimo’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 23.11.43, p. 477
‘I am speaking about this’: Berezhkov, At Stalin’s Side, p. 239
‘India is Churchill’s’: Berezhkov, History in the Making, p. 259
‘must be punished’: quoted Roberts, Stalin’s Wars, p. 181
‘Now the fate of Europe’: Beria, Beria, my Father, p. 92
‘a mission that is delicate and morally reprehensible’: ibid., p. 93
Roosevelt and Churchill on Poland: ibid., p. 94
‘won the game’: ibid., p. 95
‘Now he sees that he cannot’: Charles Moran, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival, 1940–1945, London, 1966, 28 and 29 November 1943
‘Well, Ike, you are’: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, London, 1948, p. 227
Chiefs of staff and end of war: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 7.12.43, p. 492
‘fighting in reverse gear’: 27.1.44, GSWW, vol. ix/1, p. 614
‘We are living in filth. It is hopeless’: Werth, Leningrad, p. 81
34: The Shoah by Gas
‘insatiable ambition’: SS Brigadeführer Dr Werner Best, quoted Padfield, Himmler, p. 361
‘historic task’: Browning, The Origins of the Final Solution, p. 415
‘They had been given’: Rudolf Hoess, Commandant of Auschwitz, London, 2000, p. 121
‘They were no longer human beings’: ibid., p. 124
‘going up the chimney’: Hermann Müller, quoted Diarmuid Jeffreys, Hell’s Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler’s War Machine, New York, 2008, p. 322
‘People were deceived’: report by Shikin, deputy chief of the Main Political Department of the Red Army, 9.2.45, RGASPI 17/125/323, pp. 1–4
‘It is not a Weltanschauungs-question’: 24.4.43, IMT 1919 PS
‘prototype serums and drugs’: Jeffreys, Hell’s Cartel, p. 327
‘I have the opportunity’: ibid., p. 328
‘a coarse, stupid’: Hoess, Commandant of Auschwitz, p. 19, Primo Levi’s introduction
‘I find it incredible’: ibid., p. 135
‘many of the women hid their babies’: ibid., p. 149
‘They carried out all’: ibid., p. 152
‘People were told that’: RGALI 1710/1/123
‘the one-eyed German’: ibid.
‘the earth is throwing out’: ibid.
‘We faced the question’: quoted Kershaw, Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis, p. 605
‘race struggle’: BA-B NS 19/4014, quoted GSWW, vol. ix/1, pp. 628–9
35: Italy–The Hard Underbelly
‘Hang on we’re coming’: Nigel Hamilton, Monty: Master of the Battlefield, 1942–1944, London, 1985, p. 405
‘Marcus Aurelius Clarkus’: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 237
‘There was as yet’: Hamilton, Monty: Master of the Battlefield, p. 409
‘an understanding husband’: Nigel Nicolson, Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis, London, 1973, p. 163
‘didn’t think Overlord’: Harry C. Butcher, Three Years with Eisenhower, London, 1946, 23.11.43, p. 384
‘Rhodes madness’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 7.10.43, p. 458
‘He has worked himself’: ibid., p. 459
‘Just after [our] armoured cars’: Clarke, The Eleventh at War, p. 319
201st Guards Brigade on Monte Camino and 34th and 45th Divisions: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 260
‘ordered ferocity’: GBP, Nov. 1943
‘and the dog-fight’: Hamilton, Monty: Master of the Battlefield, p. 439
‘a slight little man’: GBP
‘not a happy place’, ‘five cigarettes’: Kenneally, The Honour and the Shame, p. 142
‘Winston, sitting in Marrakesh,’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 6.1.44, p. 510
‘I was amazed to see’: Kenneally, The Honour and the Shame, p. 152
‘Don’t stick your neck out’: quoted Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 355
The Pontine Marshes and malaria: Richard Evans, The Third Reich at War, pp. 477–8
‘We all had a sickening’: Kenneally, The Honour and the Shame, p. 158
‘A series of short sharp’: ibid., p. 165
‘the Bowling Alley’: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 426
‘We hoped to land a wildcat’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, 29.2.44, p. 527
‘Bootleggers from the 133rd Infantry’, and extra-curricular activities in the beachhead: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, pp. 488–9
‘if the German’: TBJG, part II, vol. vii, 8.2.43, p. 296
36: The Soviet Spring Offensive
Meeting with Hitler: 4.1.44, Manstein, Lost Victories, pp. 500–5
German army losing the equivalent of a regiment per day: GSWW, vol. ix/1, p. 805
Wehrmacht strength in January 1944: ibid., p. 671
Red Army strength and weaknesses: Glantz and House, When Titans Clashed, pp. 179–81
‘wicked little eyes’: Beria, Beria, my Father, p. 130
Korsun-Cherkassy: see John Erickson, The Road to Berlin, London, 1983, pp. 177–9
‘Our car passed the body’: GBP, Dec. 1943 Leningrad-Novgorod operation: Bellamy, Absolute War, pp. 404-8
‘The shells were throwing’: Pavel Zolotov, Zapiski minomyotchika, 1942– 1945, Moscow, 2009, p. 107
‘I realized that I’, ‘covered in shit’: ibid., pp. 112, 119
Gatchina palace as a brothel: Werth, Leningrad, p. 188
‘caught four Russian teenage boys’: VCD, 8.2.44
German Ninth Army forcing civilians into no-man’s-land: GSWW, vol. ix/1, pp. 689–90
Seydlitz and General Melnikov: TsKhIDK 451p/3/7
37: The Pacific, China and Burma
‘a disgraceful exhibition’: Eichelberger, quoted Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 19
‘Long-Range Strategic Plan’: Hara Takeshi, ‘The Ichig Offensive’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, pp. 393–4 Chiang Kai-shek and warning of Japanese offensive: van de Ven, War and Nationalism in China, p. 46
‘an overland clearing operation’: ibid., p. 397
‘trying to manure’: quoted Theodore H. White, In Search of History, New York, 1978, p. 142
Chennault’s claims: Spector, Eagle against the Sun, p. 350
‘very tedious’, ‘remained wet for weeks’, ‘There were four thousand men’: Brigadier Bernard Fergusson, IMW 2586, quoted Julian Thompson, Forgotten Voices of Burma, London, 2009, p. 158
‘a lethal dose’, ‘You could see people’: Maj. Desmond Whyte, RAMC, 111th Brigade, IWM 12570
‘fighting the War of Independence all over again’: quoted Louis Allen, Burma: The Longest War, London, 1984, pp. 320–1
‘They had renounced’: Maj. John Winstanley, B Company, 4th Battalion, Queen’s Own Royal West Kent Regiment, IWM 17955
‘The sheer weight of the attacks’: Maj. Harry Smith, headquarters company, 4th West Kents, IWM 19090
Japanese 56th Division on Salween: Asano Toyomi, ‘Japanese Operations in Yunnan and North Burma’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, pp. 365–6, 369–71
‘This will burn the Limeys’: Spector, Eagle against the Sun, p. 359
‘By Christ, them little bastards’: Lt K. Cooper, quoted Ellis, The Sharp End, p. 84
‘Both officers and men look’: quoted Fowler, We Gave our Today, p. 147
Combat fatigue in Imperial Japanese Army: Kawano, ‘Japanese Combat Morale’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, p. 349
Air strengths in Ichig Offensive: Hagiwara, ‘ Japanese Air Campaigns in China’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, pp. 250–1
Chiang Kai-shek and Roosevelt: Dreyer, China at War, pp. 284–5
‘Hsueh defended the city’: White and Jacoby, Thunder out of China, p. 183
‘a Hollywood premier’: Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. viii: New Guinea and the Marianas, Annapolis, Md, 2011, p. 302
38: The Spring of Expectations
‘very considerable investment’: Butcher, Three Years with Eisenhower, 18.1.44, p. 403
‘Anvil [would] have to be sacrificed’: Bedell Smith to Eisenhower, 5.1.44, COSSAC File, W. Bedell Smith Papers, quoted Crosswell, Beetle, p. 557
‘pitiless civil war’: quoted Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, p. 508
‘The capture of Rome is the only important objective’: quoted Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 516
‘Most wore sandals’: ibid., p. 528
‘it is astonishing’: Alanbrooke, War Diaries, p. 561
‘inexplicable’: Field-Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis, The Alexander Memoirs, 1940–1945, London, 1962, p. 127
‘How do you like that?’: Vernon A. Walters, Silent Missions, New York, 1978, p. 97, quoted Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 575
‘just a bit of cheap bluff’: General der Infanterie Blumentritt, debriefing 6.8.45, NA II 407/427/24231
Dempsey on Eisenhower: conversation with Clive Duncan, to whom I am most grateful for this detail in a letter, 7.9.11
Three Skytrains shot down by Allied ships: Bill Goff, HMS Scylla, SWWEC, Everyone’s War, no. 20, Winter 2009
‘the light would disappear’: Harley A. Reynolds, ‘The First Wave’, American Valor Quarterly, Spring/Summer 2009, pp. 15–22
‘the whole horizon’: FMS B-403
‘Some boats were coming back’: Reynolds, ‘The First Wave’, American Valor Quarterly, Spring/Summer 2009, pp. 15–22
‘Am very satisfied’: Hamilton, Monty: Master of the Battlefield, p. 621
39: Bagration and Normandy
‘heat of high-summer days’: Lt Rudolf F., 6.Inf.Div., 23.6.44, BfZ-SS 27 662 A
‘We really had a black day’: Uffz. Julfried K., Pz.Aufkl.Abt.125, 25.Pz.Gren. Div., 24.6.44, BfZ-SS 45 402
‘the traffic controller’: Lt Degan, quoted Paul Adair, Hitler’s Greatest Defeat, London, 1994, p. 106
‘The Ivans broke through’: Uffz. Alfons F., 206th Inf.Div., 28.6.44, BfZ-SS 56 601 C
‘When we entered Bobruisk’: Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/50
‘Our people whom we’ve liberated’: letters from Vladimir Tsoglin to his mother, in I. Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, Moscow, 2007, pp. 260–75
‘The enemy has now done’: San.O’Gefr. Otto H., Herres-Betr.Kp. 6, 13.7.44, BfZ-SS 24 740
‘If the Russians keep up’: O’Gefr. Otto L., Fl.H.Kdtr.(E) 209/XVII, 10.7.44, BfZ-SS L 55 922
‘A partisan, a small man’: Grossman papers, RGALI 1710/3/47
NKVD in Lwów: Rees, World War II behind Closed Doors, p. 274
‘Their effect should be’: O’Gefr. Otto L., Fl.H.Kdtr.(E) 209/XVII, 10.7.44, BfZ-SS L 55 922
‘The Russians are attacking constantly’: Gefr. Heinrich R., Bau-Pi.Btl.735, 26.7.44, BfZ-SS 03 707 D
‘one can no longer’: O’Gefr. Karl B., Rgts.Gru.332, 28.7.44, BA-MA H 34/1
‘columns of soldiers and refugees’: Erika S., Ragnit, 28.7.44, BA-MA H34/1
‘It’s perfect logic’: P. I. Troyanovsky, Na vosmi frontakh, Moscow, 1982, p. 183
‘Stalin will avenge us!’: RGALI 1710/1/123
‘NPT below rank major’: I am most grateful to Mr S. W. Kulhmann, for sending me a photocopy of his father’s field notebook, with this instruction, 5.2.11 ‘no prisoners’, G. Steer, 1/4th KOYLI, SWWEC 2002.1644
‘heavy losses’: 27.6.44, TNA KV 9826
‘had the unusual gift’: C. J. C. Molony, The Mediterranean and Middle East, London, 1984, vol. vi, part 1, p. 511, quoted Atkinson, The Day of Battle, p. 300
‘Complete change so far as’: Myles Hildyard unpublished diary, 22.6.44 (private collection)
‘You should make an end’: Blumentritt, ETHINT 73
‘The Germans haven’t much left’: quoted Martin Blumenson, The Duel for France 1944, New York, 2000, p. 23
‘a dirty bush war’: Peter Lieb, Konventioneller Krieg oder Weltanschauungskrieg? Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44, Munich, 2007, p. 176 (‘schmutziger Buschkrieg’)
US Army psychiatric casualties in the Second World War: Albert J. Glass,
‘Lessons Learned’, in Albert J. Glass (ed.), Neuropsychiatry in World War II, Washington, DC, Office of the Surgeon General, 1973, vol. ii, pp. 1015–23
‘heavy bombers cannot participate intimately’: Montgomery quoted GBP
‘I am viewing the prospects’: 14.7.44, PDDE, p. 2004
40: Berlin, Warsaw and Paris
‘changing horses’: GSWW, vol. ix/1, p. 855
‘not altogether displeased’: Smith, Mussolini, p. 358
‘not to optimize’: GSWW, vol. ix/1, p. 829 More than 5,000 suspected opponents: ibid., p. 912
‘The generals who carried out’: Gefr. Heinrich R., Bau-Pi.Btl.735, 5.7.44, BfZ-SS 03 707 D
‘Our lives are not worth’: ibid.
‘With the German greeting’: Dr K., Feldlaz.8, 8.Jäg.Div., BA-MA RH 13 v.53
‘Certainly it looks bad’: Uffz. Werner F, 12.Pz.Div., 28.7.44, BfZ-SS 23 151 E
‘And soon they’ll be’: E.H., 26.7.44, BA-MA H 34/1
‘Dearest, do not be afraid’: O’Gefr M., Div.Vers.Rgt.195, 27.7.44, BA-MA H 34/1
‘thirty thousand-odd’: quoted Roberts, Masters and Commanders, p. 504
‘The effect of the major conflicts’: Keitel and Jodl, FMS A-915
‘Psychologically I am finding’: Gefr. Karl B., schw.Art.Abt.460, 20.7.44, BfZ-SS 25 345 D
‘We’ve just received’: Lt Hans R., le.Flak-Abt.783(v.), 30.7.44, BfZ-SS L49 812
‘Round us no fewer’: O’Gefr. F.-H.B., 11.Inf.Div., 30.7.44, BfZ-SS 34 427
here Red Army losses in Bagration: Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses, pp. 144–6
Wehrmacht losses: Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkriege, Munich, 1999, pp. 238 and 279, quoted GSWW, vol. ix/1, pp. 66 and 805
‘The Poles are strange’: letters from Efraim Genkin to his family, 18.8.44, in Altman (ed.), Sokhrani moi pisma, Moscow, 2007, pp. 276–82
Conversation between Jan Stanisaw Jankowski and Jan Nowak-Jezioraski: Wadysaw Bartoszewski, Abandoned Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising, Kraków, 2008, p. 17
‘the hour of action’: MPW
‘If Stalin would use his own’: Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands, p. 298
Attack on Wa
rsaw concentration camp: 5.8.44, Snyder, Bloodlands, p. 302
‘One bullet–One German!’: Dorota Niemczyk (ed.), Brok Eugeniusz Lokajski, 1908–1944, Warsaw, 2007; and MPW
‘When he jumped down’: Bartoszewski, Abandoned Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising, p. 50
Dirlewanger in Warsaw: Generaloberst Hans Friessner, Verratene Schlachten, Hamburg, 1956, p. 205
‘strategically useless’: Alexander, The Alexander Memoirs, p. 136
‘There are no Germans’: quoted Maj. Gen. Kenner, chief medical officer SHAEF, OCMH-FPP
‘We must march on Paris’: interview with Gen. de Faulle, OCMH-FPP
‘In fighting Warsaw’: Jan Lissowski, in Niemczyk (ed.), Brok Eugeniusz Lokajski
‘Let’s dance a mazurka again’: Roman Loth, in Niemczyk (ed.), Brok Eugeniusz Lokajski
Bombing and IG Farben at Auschwitz III: see Jeffreys, Hell’s Cartel, pp. 288–9
‘We await you red plague’: quoted Snyder, Bloodlands, p. 308
41: The Ichig Offensive and Leyte
Japanese losses due to starvation: Akira Fujiwara, Uejini shita eireitachi, Tokyo, 2001, pp. 135–8, quoted Collingham, The Taste of War, pp. 10 and 303
‘white pigs’, ‘black pigs’: Ogawa Shji, Kyokugen no Naka no Ningen: Shi no Shima Nyginia, Tokyo, 1983, p. 167
‘it was not guerrillas’: Nogi Harumichi, Kaigun Tokubetsu Keisatsutai: Anbon Shima Bomber Command Ky Senpan no Shuki, Tokyo, 1975, p. 207, quoted Tanaka, Hidden Horrors, p. 114
‘We got the order to retreat’: Al Ying Yunping, quoted Hastings, Nemesis, p. 12
‘One man in three’: White and Jacoby, Thunder out of China, p. 187
‘rooting out traitors’: Yang Kuisong, ‘Nationalist and Communist Guerrilla Warfare’, in Peattie, Drea and van de Ven, The Battle for China, p. 324
For repression, torture and the Maoist personality cult, see Chang and Halliday, Mao, pp. 288–305
For Stilwell and Hurley’s meeting with Chiang Kai-shek see Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell’s Command Problems, pp. 379–84; Tuchman, Stilwell, pp. 493–4; Spector, Eagle against the Sun, pp. 368–9
The Second World War Page 114