by Will Durant
2. Winternitz, 562.
3. Fergusson, i, 174.
4. Edmunds, A. J., Buddhistic and Christian Gospels, Philadelphia, 1908, 2V.
5. Havell, History, 101; Eliot, i, 147.
6. Eliot, ii, no.
7. Ibid., i, xciii; Simon, i, 79.
8. Sarton, 367, 428; Smith, Ox. H., 174; Fenollosa, ii, 213; i, 82; Nag, 34-5.
9. Fergusson, i, 292.
10. Monier-Williams, 429.
11. Dubois, 626; Doane, Bible Myths, 278f; Carpenter, Edward, Pagan and Christian Creeds, 24.
12. Indian Year Book, 1929, 21.
13. Eliot, ii, 222.
14. Lorenz, 335; Dubois, 112.
15. Modern Review, Calcutta, April, 1932, p. 367; Childe, The Most Ancient East, 209.
16. Rawlinson, Five Great Monarchies, ii, 335n.
17. Eliot, ii, 288; Kohn, 380.
18. Eliot, ii, 287.
19. Modern Review, June, 1931, p. 713.
20. Eliot, ii, 282.
21. Ibid., 145.
22. Dubois, 571, 641.
23. Ibid.; Coomaraswamy, History, 68,181.
24. Lorenz, 333.
25. Wood, 204; Dubois, 43, 182, 638-9.
26. Zimand, 132.
27. Wood, 208.
28. Eliot, i, 211.
29. Havell, Architecture, xxxv.
30. Winternitz, 529.
31. Vishnupurana, z, 16, in Otto, Rudolf, Mysticism, East and West, 55-6.
32. Dubois, 545; Eliot, i, 46.
33. Monier-Williams, 178, 331; Dubois, 415; Eliot, i, lxviii, 46.
34. Eliot, i, lxvi; Fülop-Miller, R., Lenin and Gandhi, 248.
35. Manu, xii, 62; Monier-Williams, 55, 276; Radhak., i, 250.
36. Watters, i, 281.
37. Dubois, 562.
38. Ibid., 248.
39. Eliot, i, lxxvii; Monier-Williams, 55; Mahabharata, XII, 2798; Manu, iv, 88-90, xii, 75-77, iv, 182, 260, vi, 32, ii, 244.
40. Dubois, 565.
41. Eliot, i, lxvi.
42. Quoted by Winternitz, 7.
43. Article on “The Failure of Every Philosophical Attempt in Theodicy,” 1791, in Radhak., i, 364.
44. From the Mahabharata; reference lost.
45. In Brown, Brian, Wisdom of the Hindus, 32.
46. Ramayana, etc., 152.
47. Brown, B., Hindus, 222f.
48. Rolland, R., Prophets of the New India, 49.
50. Dubois, 379f.
51. Briffault, ii, 451.
52. Davids, Buddhist India, 216; Dubois, 149, 329, 382f.
53. Sumner, Folkways, 547; Eliot, ii, 143; Dubois, 629; Monier-Williams, 522-3.
54. Dubois, 541, 631.
55. Murray’s India, London, 1905, 434.
56. Eliot, ii, 173.
57. Dubois, 595.
58. Vivekananda in Wood, 156.
59. Havell, Architecture, 107; Eliot, ii, 225.
60. In Wood, 154.
61. Simon, i, 24; Lorenz, 332; Eliot, ii, 173; Dubois, 296.
62. Monier-Williams, 430.
63. Dubois, 647.
64. Winternitz, 565; Smith, Ox. H., 690.
65. Dubois, 597.
66. Enc. Brit., xiii, 175.
67. Smith, Ox. H., 155, 315.
68. Dubois, no.
69. Ibid., 180-1.
70. Eliot, iii, 422.
71. Dubois, 43; Wood, 205.
72. Dubois, 43.
73. Watters, i, 319.
74. Dubois, 500-9, 523f.
75. Ibid., 206.
76. Eliot, ii, 322.
77. Radhak., i, 345.
78. Ibid., 484.
79. Arnold, The Song Celestial, 94.
80. Brown, B., Hindus, 218-20; Barnett, Heart of India, 112.
81. Elphinstone, 476; Loti, 34; Eliot, i, xxxvii, 40-1; Radhak., i, 27; Dubois, 119n.
82. Kohn, 352.
83. Smith, Ox. H., x.
84. Gour, 9.
CHAPTER XIX
1. Spencer, Sociology, iii, 248.
3. Sarton, 378.
4. Ibid., 409, 428; Sedgwick and Tyler, 160.
5. Barnett, 188-90.
6. Muthu, 97.
7. De Morgan in Sarkar, 8.
8. Reference lost.
8a. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 51, No. I, p. 51.
9. Sarton, 601.
10. Monier-Williams, 174; Sedgwick 159; Sarkar, 12.
11. Ibid.
12. Muthu, 92; Sedgwick, 157f.
13. Ibid.; Lowie, R. H., Are We Civilized?, 269; Sarkar, 14.
14. Muthu, 92; Sarkar, 14-15.
15. Monier-Williams, 183-4.
16. Sedgwick, 157.
17. Sarkar, 17.
18. Sedgwick, 157; Muthu, 94; Sarkar, 23-4.
19. Muthu, 97; Radhak., i, 317-8.
20. Sarkar, 36f.
21. Ibid., 37-8.
22. Muthu, 104; Sarkar, 39-46. 22a. Ibid., 45.
23. Garrison, 71; Sarkar, 56.
24. Sarkar, 57-9.
25. Ibid., 63.
26. Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 163-4.
27. Sarkar, 63.
28. Ibid., 65.
29. Muthu, 14.
30. Sarton, 77; Garrison, 71.
31. Barnett, 220.
32. Muthu, 50.
33. Ibid., 39; Barnett, 221; Sarton, 480.
34. Sarton, 77; Garrison, 72.
35. Muthu, 26; Macdonell, 180.
36. Garrison, 29.
37. Muthu, 26.
38. Ibid., 27.
39. Garrison, 70.
40. Ibid., 71.
41. Macdonell, 179.
42. Harding, T. Swann, Fads, Frauds and Physicians, 147.
43. Watters, i, 174; Venkateswara, 193.
44. Barnett, 224; Garrison, 71.
45. Ibid.; Muthu, 33.
46. Garrison, 71; Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 286.
47. Eliot, i, lxxxix; Lajpat Rai, 285.
48. Muthu, 44.
49. Garrison, 73.
50. Ibid., 72.
51. Macdonell, 180.
52. Havell, History, 255.
53. Lajpat Rai, 287.
54. Radhak, i, 55.
56. Müller, Six Systems, 11; Havell, History, 412.
57. Das Gupta, 406.
58. Havell, History, 208.
59. Coomaraswamy, Dance, f. p. 130.
60. Davids, Dialogues, ii, 26f; Müller, Six Systems, 17; Radhak, i, 483.
61. Keyserling, Travel Diary, i, 106; 11,157.
62. Müller, Six Systems, 219, 235; Radhak., i, 57, 276, ii, 23; Das Gupta, 8.
63. Radhak., ii, 36, 43.
64. Ibid., 34, 127, 173; Müller, 427.
65. Radhak., i, 281, ii, 42, 134.
66. Gowen, Indian Literature, 127; Radhak, ii, 29, 197, 202, 227; Dutt, Civilization of India, 35; Müller, 438; Chatterji, J. C., The Hindu Realism, 20, 22.
67. Radhak., ii, 249.
68. Ibid.
69. Gowen, 128.
70. Ibid., 30; Monier-Williams, 78; Müller, 84, 219f.
70a. E.g., XII, 13703.
70b. Radhak., ii, 249.
71. Macdonell, 93.
72. Müller, x.
73. Kapila, The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy, Aph. 79.
74. Gour, 23.
75. Eliot, ii, 302; Monier-Williams, 88.
76. Kapila, Aph. 98.
77. Monier-Williams, 84.
78. Müller, xi.
79. Kapila, Aph. 100; Monier-Williams, 88.
80. Kapila, p. 75, Aph. 67.
81. Radhak., i, 279.
82. In Brown, B., Hindus, 212.
83. Eliot, ii, 301.
84. Kapila in Brown, B., Hindus, 213.
85. Kapila, Aph. 56.
86. Ibid., Aphs. 83-4.
87. In Brown, B., 211.
88. Monier-Williams, 90-1.
89. Ibid., 92.
90. Rig-veda x, 136.3; Radhak., i, III.
91. Eliot, i, 303.
92. Arrian, A
nabasis, VII, 3.
93. Some authorities, however, attribute the Yoga-sutra to the fourth century AD.—Radhak., ii, 340.
94. Watters, i, 148.
95. Polo, 300.
96. Lorenz, 356.
97. Chatterji, India’s Outlook on Life, 6In; Radhak., i, 337.
98. Müller, Six Systems, 324-5.
99. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 50; Radhak., ii, 344; Das Gupta, S., Yoga as Philosophy and Religion, vii; Parmelee, 64; Eliot, i, 303-4; Davids, Buddhist India, 242.
100. Chatterji, India’s Outlook, 65.
101. Müller, Six Systems, 349.
102. The World as Will and Idea, tr. Haldane and Kemp, iii, 254; Eliot, i, 309.
103. Radhak., ii, 360.
104. Vyasa in Radhak., ii, 362.
105. Eliot, i, 305; Radhak., ii, 371; Müller, 308-10, 324-5.
106. Chatterji, Realism, 6; Dubois, 98.
107. Patanjali in Brown, B., Hindus, 183; Radhak., i, 366.
108. Das Gupta, Yoga, 157; Eliot, i, 319; Chatterji, India’s Outlook, 40.
109. Dubois, 529, 601.
110. Eliot, ii, 295.
111. Radhak., ii, 494; Das Gupta, History, 434.
112. Radhak., i, 45-6.
113. Radhak., ii, 528-31, 565-87; Deussen, Paul, System of the Vedanta, 241-4; Macdonell, 47; Radhakrishnan, S., The Hindu View of Life, 65-6; Otto, 3.
114. Eliot, i, xlii-iii; Deussen, Vedanta, 272, 458.
115. Radhak., ii, 544f.
115a. Guénon, René, Man and His Becoming, 259.
116. Deussen, 39, 126, 139, 212.
117. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 113.
118. Müller, Six Systems, 194.
119. Eliot, ii, 312; Deussen, 255, 300, 477; Radhak., ii, 633, 643.
120. Deussen, 402-10, 457.
121. Eliot, ii, 40.
122. In Deussen, 106.
123. Ibid., 286.
124. Radhak., ii, 448.
125. In Müller, Six Systems, 181.
126. Radhak., ii, 771.
127. Dickinson, G. Lowes, An Essay on the Civilizations of India, China and Japan, 33.
128. Keyserling, Travel Diary, i, 257.
129. Isavasya Upanishad, in Brown, B., Hindus, 159.
130. Ibid.
131. De Intellectus Emendatione.
132. Cf. Otto, 219-32. Melamed, S. M., in Spinoza and Buddha, has tried to trace the influence of Hindu pantheism upon the great Jew of Amsterdam.
CHAPTER XX
1. Das Gupta, Yoga, 16; Radhak., ii, 570.
2. Macdonell, 61; Winternitz, 46-7.
3. Mahabharata, II, 5; Davids, Buddhist India, 108. Rhys Davids dates the oldest extant Indian (bark) MS. about the beginning of the Christian era. (Ibid., 124.)
4. Ibid., 118.
5. Indian Year Book, 1929, 633.
6. Winternitz, 33, 35.
7. Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 18, 27.
8. Venkateswara, 83; Max Müller in Hardie, 5.
9. Smith, Ox. H., 114.
10. Venkateswara, 83; Havell, History, 409.
11. Venkateswara, 85, 100, 239.
12. Ibid., 114, 84; Frazer, R. W., 161.
13. Venkateswara, 148.
14. Havell, History, Plate XLI.
15. Venkateswara, 231-2; Smith, Ox. H., 61; Havell, History, 140; Muthu, 32, 74; Modern Review, March, 1915, 334.
16. Watters, ii, 164-5.
17. Venkateswara, 239, 140, 121, 82; Muthu, 77.
18. Tod, i, 348n.
19. Ibid.
20. Ramayana, etc., 324.
21. Eliot, i, xc.
22. Tietjens, 246.
23. VI, 13, 50.
23a. Ramayana, etc., 303-7.
24. V, 1517; Monier-Williams, 448.
25. In Brown, B., Hindus, 41.
26. In Winternitz, 441.
27. In Brown, B., 27.
28. Eliot, ii, 200.
29. Radhak., i, 519; Winternitz, 17.
30. Professor Bhandakar in Radhak., i, 524.
31. Richard Garbe, ibid.
32. Arnold, The Song Celestial, 4-5.
33. Ibid., 9.
34. Ibid., 41, 31.
35. Macdonell, 91.
36. Gowen, 251; Müller, India, 81.
37. Arthur Lillie, in Rama and Homer, has tried to show that Homer borrowed both his subjects from the Indian epics; but there seems hardly any question that the latter are younger than the Iliad and the Odyssey.
38. Dutt, Ramayana, etc., 1-2.
39. Ibid., 77.
40. Ibid., 10.
41. Ibid., 34.
42. Ibid., 36.
43. Ibid., 47, 75.
44. Ibid., 145.
45. Gowen, Indian Literature, 203.
46. Ibid., 219.
47. Macdonell, 97-106.
48. In Gowen, 361.
49. Ibid., 363.
50. Monier-Williams, 476-94.
51. Gowen, 358-9.
52. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 33.
53. Kalidasa, Shakuntala, 101-3.
54. Ibid., 139-40.
55. Tr. by Monier-Williams, in Gowen, 317.
56. Frazer, R. W., 288.
57. Kalidasa, xiii.
58. Macdonell, 123-9.
59. Macdonell in Tietjens, 24-5.
60. In Gowen, 407-8.
61. Ibid., 504.
62. Ibid., 437-42.
63. Tietjens, 301; Gowen, 411-13; Barnett, Hart of India, 121.
64. Frazer, R. W., 365; Gowen, 487.
64a. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 105; Rolland, Prophets, 6n.
65. Barnett, Heart, 54.
66. Sir George Grierson in Smith, Akbar, 420.
67. Macdonell, 226; Winternitz, 476; Gandhi, His Own Story, 71.
68. Barnett, Heart, 63.
69. Venkateswara, 246, 249; Havell, History, 237.
70. Frazer, R. W., 318n.
71. Ibid., 345.
72. Eliot, ii, 263; Gowen, 491; Dutt, 101.
73. Tr. by Tagore.
74. Kabir, Songs of Kabir, tr. by R. Tagore, 91, 69.
75. Eliot, ii, 262.
76. Ibid., 265.
CHAPTER XXI
1. Coomaraswamy, History, 4.
2. Ibid., Plate II, 2.
3. Fergusson, i, 4.
4. Smith, Akbar, 412.
5. Coomaraswamy, fig. 381.
6. Ibid., 134.
7. Ibid., figs. 368-78.
8. Ibid., 139.
9. Ibid., 137.
10. Ibid., 138.
11. Smith, Akbar, 422.
12. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 73.
13. Program of dances by Shankar, New York, 1933.
14. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 75, 78.
15. Brown, Percy, Indian Painting, 121.
16. Childe, Ancient East, 37; Brown, P., 15, III.
17. Havell, Ideals, 132; Brown, P., 17.
18. Ibid., 38.
19. Ibid., 20.
20. E.g., by Faure, History of Art, ii, 26; and Havell, Architecture, 150.
21. Brown, P., 29-30.
22. Havell, Architecture, Plate XLIV; Fischer, Otto, Die Kunst Indiens, Chinas und Japans, 200.
23. Havell, Architecture, 149.
24. Coomaraswamy, History, figs. 7 and 185.
25. Havell, Architecture, Pl. XLV.
26. Fischer, Tafel VI.
27. Ibid., 188-94.
29. Coomaraswamy, Dance, Pl. XVIII.
30. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 269.
31. Brown, P., 120.
32. Cf. a charming example in Fischer, 273.
33. Brown, P., 8, 47, 50, 100; Smith, Ox. H., 128; Smith, Akbar, 428-30.
34. Brown, P., 85.
35. Ibid., 96.
36. Ibid., 89; Smith, Akbar, 429.
37. Ibid., 226.
38. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 26.
39. Havell, Ideals, 46.
40. Fenollosa, i, 30; Fergusson, i, 52; Smith, Ox. H., III.
41. Gour, 530; Havell, History, in.
42. Coomaraswamy, History, 70.
&nbs
p; 43. Fenollosa, i, 4, 81; Thomas, E. J., 221; Coomaraswamy, Dance, 52; Eliot, i, xxxi; Smith, Ox. H., 67.
44. Fischer, 168; Central Museum, Lahore.
45. Fenollosa, i, 81.
46. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 168.
47. Ca. 950 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 222; Lucknow Museum.
48. Ca. 1050 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 223; Lucknow Museum.
49. Ca. 750 A.D.; Havell, History, f. p. 204.
50. Ca. 950 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, Pl. LXX.
51. Ca. 700; Havell, History, f. 244; a variant, in copper, from the 17th century, is in the British Museum.
52. Ca. 750; Coomaraswamy, Dance, p. 26.
53. Ca. 1650; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 248.
54. Fenollosa, i, f. 84.
55. Fischer, Tafel XVI; Coomaraswamy, History, CVI; Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
56. Coomaraswamy, fig. 333.
57. Gangoly, O. C., Indian Architecture, xxxiv-viii.
58. Ibid., frontispiece.
59. Havell, Ideals, f. 168.
60. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 101.
61. Havell, Ideals, f. 34.
62. Ca. 100 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, XCVIII.
63. Ibid., xcv.
64. Havell, History, 104; Fergusson, i, 51.
65. Davids, Buddhist India, 70.
66. Havell, Architecture, 2; Smith, Ox. H., III; Eliot, iii, 450; Coomaraswamy, History, 22.
67. Spooner, D. B., in Gowen, 270.
68. Fischer, 144-5.
69. In Smith, Ox. H., 112.
70. Havell, History, 106; Coomaraswamy, History, 17.
71. Havell, Architecture, 55.
72. Fergusson, i, 119.
73. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 54.
74. Ibid., fig. 31.
74a. Fergusson, i, 55; Coomaraswamy, 19.
75. Fischer, 186.
76. Ibid., Tafel IV.
77. Ibid., 175.
78. Havell, Architecture, 98, and Pl. XXV.
79. Fergusson, ii, 26.
80. Havell, Architecture, Pl. XIV.
81. Fergusson, ii, frontispiece.
82. Coomaraswamy, LXVIII.
83. Fergusson, ii, 41 and Pl. XX.
84. Ibid., 101.
85. Fergusson, ii, Pl. XXIV.
86. Ibid., 138-9.
87. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 252.
88. Havell, History, f. p. 344.
89. Havell, Architecture, Plates LXXIVVI.
90. Fischer, 214-5.
91. Loti, 168; Fergusson, ii, 7, 32, 87.
92. E.g., the temple at Baroli, Fergusson, ii, 133.
93. Fergusson, i, 352.
94. Ibid., Pl. XII, p. 424.
95. Ibid.
96. Gangoly, Pl. LXXIV.
97. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 211; Fischer, 251.
98. Fergusson, i, 448.
99. Macdonell, 83.
100. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 192; Fischer, 221.
101. Ibid., 222.
102. Havell, Architecture, 195; Fergusson, i, 327, 342, 348.