Our Oriental Heritage

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Our Oriental Heritage Page 135

by Will Durant


  Kansu , 755

  Kant, Immanuel, German philosopher (1724-1804), 346, 410, 510, 516*, 538, 547, 549, 551*, 552, 670

  Kantara , 154

  Kanthaka , 426

  Kao Tsu (gou dzoo), Chinese emperor (206-194 B.C.), 698

  Kao Tsu, Chinese Emperor (618-627), 702

  Kapila , Indian Sankhya philosopher (ca. 500 B.C.), 536-541, 546, 547

  Kapilavastu , 422, 423, 436

  Karachi , 393, 594

  Karakhan , Leo, Russian diplomat, 812

  Karduniash , 223*

  Karle , 597, 598

  Karma , 427, 435, 509, 514-516, 550, 553

  Karma-yoga , 522

  Karnak , 140, 142-143, 144, 145, 152, 153, 185, 189, 191, 206, 214, 379, 744

  buildings at: Festival Hall of Thutmose III, 143, 145

  Hypostyle Hall, 143, 213

  obelisks of Queen Hatshepsut, 143, 153

  Promenade of Thutmose III, 143, 155

  Temple of Amon, 142

  Temple of Ptah, 143

  Kartikeya , 507

  Kashgar (käsh’-gär’), 761

  Kashmir (kăsh’-mēr’), 392, 479, 585

  Kassites (kăs’-sīts), 152, 222, 223, 227, 248, 257, 266, 397

  Kasturbai , wife of M. K. Gandhi, 628

  Katakana script, 876*

  Katayama, Sen (kä-tä-yä-mä, sěn), Japanese communist (died 1933), 921

  Katha Upanishad , 405

  Kathæi , 495

  Kathasaritzagara , 579

  Kaushitaki Upanishad, 518

  Kautilya Chanakya , Indian statesman (ca. 322-298 B.C.), 441, 443

  Ke K’ang (kā käng), Confucian disciple (ca. 500 B.C.), 672

  Ke Loo , Confucian disciple (ca. 500 B.C.), 667

  Kea Kwei , Chinese scholar (1st century), 665

  Keats, John, English poet (1795-1821), 611, 713

  Keiki (kā-kē), last of the Tokugawa shoguns (1866-1868), 916

  Keion , Japanese painter, (ca. 1250), 904

  Keiser, Aabregt de, Dutch ceramic artist (17th century), 900

  Keith, Sir Arthur, 99

  Kenzan (kěn-zän), Japanese potter (1663-1743), 900

  Kepler, Johann, German astronomer (1571-1630), 60

  Keriya , see Peyn

  Ket (kět), 201

  Keyserling, Count Hermann, 455†, 534, 554*, 639

  Khafre (kă’-frā), King of Egypt (3067-3011 B.C.), 148, 150, 186, 187

  Kharosthi script, 556

  Khekheperre-Sonbu , Egyptian scholar (ca. 2150 B.C.), 178

  Khi-yüan , 688

  Khmers (kmârz), 604-605, 606

  Khnum , 185

  Khnumhotep , King of Egypt (ca. 2180 B.C.), 185, 190

  Khorassan , 761

  Khordah Avesta , 365‡

  Khorsabad , 266*, 279, 280

  Khotan (kō-tän’), 594, 602, 761

  Khu , 688-9

  Khosrou II, King of Persia (590-628), 456

  Khufu , King of Egypt (3098-3075 B.C.), 147, 149, 150, 291, 395

  Khusru , son of Jehangir (ca. 1620), 472

  Kiaochow (jyou-jō’), 806

  Kimimaro (kē-mē-mä-rō), Japanese sculptor (fl. 747), 897-898

  King James Version, 317, 341

  Kings (book), 339

  Kingship, 22

  in Sumeria, 126

  in Egypt, 163-164

  in Babylonia, 230, 232-233, 234

  in Assyria, 266, 273

  in Persia, 360-361

  in India, 442-443, 482-483

  in China, 797-798

  in Japan, 834

  Kiritsubo , 882

  Kirti Shri Raja Singha , King of Ceylon (18th century), 603

  Kish , 118, 120, 125, 127, 221, 395*

  Kitabatake , Japanese scholar and historian (fl. 1334), 886

  Kitans , 721-722, 760*

  Kitasato, Baron Shibasaburo , Japanese scientist (1856-), 924

  Kitchen middens, 98, 101

  Kiyonaga , Japanese engraver (1742-1814), 908

  Knemhotep (kněm-hō’-těp), Egyptian dwarf, 187

  Kobe (kō-bā), 920, 921

  Kobo Daishi (kō-bō dī-shē), Japanese saint and artist, founder of Shintoism (9th century), 864, 897*, 903

  Kohat (kō-hät), 624†

  Koheleth (kō-hěl’-ěth), 346*

  Kohl, 169

  Kojiki (kō-jē-kē), 874-875, 885

  Kokei (kō-kā), Japanese woodcarver (12th century), 897*

  Koken (kō-kěn), Empress of Japan (749-759; 765-770), 861

  Kokinshu , 878†, 879

  Kolben, Peter, German naturalist (1675-1726), 52

  Konin , Emperor of Japan (770-781), 850

  Koran (kôr-än’), 463, 469, 470, 474, 476, 565, 609, 616

  Korea , 506, 594, 602, 698, 705, 730, 767, 773, 806, 829, 831, 832, 833, 839, 853, 875, 877*, 892, 894, 899, 903, 918, 919, 923, 924, 927*

  Korin, Ogata , Japanese painter (1661-1716), 900, 906

  Korvouva, 57

  Kosala , 567, 568, 569; also see Oudh

  Kose no-Kanaoka , Japanese painter (ca. 950), 903

  Kotsuke no Suké , Japanese noble (died 1703), 848-849

  Kow-tow, 713

  Koyetsu , Japanese painter (ca. 1600), 906

  Koyetsu-Korin School (of Japanese painting), 906

  Koyosan (kō-yō-sän), 864

  Krishna (god), 403, 507-508, 511, 552, 564, 565-566, 570, 580, 617*, 625

  Krishna (tribe), 403

  Krishna deva Raya , King of Vijayanagar (1509-1529), 457, 458

  Kroch, Adolf, 893*

  Kshatriyas , 359*, 398, 399, 419, 424, 455, 487, 565, 567

  Kuan Ching , Prime Minister of Ts’i (fl. 683-640 B.C.), 645-646, 790

  Kuang Hsu , Chinese emperor (1875-1908), 807, 810

  Kuan-yin , 740, 751, 786

  Kublai Khan , Chinese emperor (1269-1295), 604, 606, 721, 742, 761, 763-766, 767, 777, 778, 779, 790, 837, 895

  Kubus, 21

  Kukis, 67

  Kumara , King of Assam (ca. 630), 454

  Kumazawa Banzan , Japanese philosopher (1619-1691), 871-872,

  K’ung (family), 659

  K’ung Chi , Chinese sage, grandson of Confucius (ca. 470 B.C.), 665-666, 676-677

  K’ung Ch’iu , see Confucius

  Kung Sun Lung , Chinese sage (ca. 425 B.C.), 677, 679

  K’ung Tao-fu , Chinese diplomat (fl. 1031), 721-722

  K’ung-fu-tze , see Confucius

  Kuo Hsi (gwō-shē), Chinese painter (born 1100), 750

  Kuo K’ai-chih , Chinese painter (fl. 364), 746-747

  Kuo Tsi-i , Chinese general (fl. 755), 710

  Kuomintang , 817

  Kurdistan , 350

  Kurds , 266

  Kurna , 118

  Kurral , 581-582

  Kurus , 561-562, 565

  Kushans , 450, 504

  Kutani , 900, 901

  Kutb-d Din Aibak , Sultan of Delhi (1206-1210), 461, 607

  Kutb-Minar , 607

  Kuyunjik , see Nineveh

  Kuznetzk , 932

  Kwannon , 833, 864

  Kyogen (kyō-gěn), 889

  Kyoto (kyō-tō), 749*, 834, 835, 840, 852-853, 855, 860, 865*, 866, 872, 877, 880, 888, 894, 895, 898, 900, 902, 903, 905, 906, 910

  Kyoto, University of, 926

  Kyushu , 928

  L

  La Fontaine , Jean de, French fabulist (1621-1695), 175

  La Tène, 104

  Laban (lā’-băn), Jacob’s father-in-law, 41, 310

  Lacquer, 736-737, 894

  Lagash (lä’-găsh), 118, 120, 121, 122, 127, 129

  Lahore (lä-hor’), 392, 472, 594, 614

  Lake dwellers, the, 98-99, 101, 103

  Lake of the Deeds of Rama, 581

  Lakshman , 569

  Lakshmi , 509

  Lalitavistara , 423*

  Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de, French naturalist (1744-1829), 538

  Lamentations, 324

  Lancashire, 920r />
  Landecho, Spanish sailor (fl. 1596), 843*

  Lander, Richard, English traveler (1804-1835), 43

  Landor, Walter Savage, English man of letters (1775-1864), 683-684

  Language, 72-73

  in primitive societies, 743, in Sumeria, 118*

  in Egypt, 145, 172-173

  in Babylonia, 249-250

  in Assyria, 266

  in Judea, 303

  in Persia, 356-357

  in India, 391*, 405-406, 555-556

  in China, 74, 771-773

  in Japan, 876-877

  Lansing, Robert, American statesman (1864-1928), 929

  Lao-tse (lou’-dzŭ), Chinese sage (604-517 B.C.), 77, 422*, 429, 651, 652-658, 662, 663, 670, 677, 684, 689, 690-693, 772, 785, 786

  Laplace, Pierre Simon, French astronomer and mathematician (1749-1827), 527, 538

  Larsa , 118, 123, 234

  Last Judgment (Michelangelo), 749

  Last Supper (Da Vinci), 97, 590*, 749

  Latin (language), 406

  Latourette, K. S., 801*

  Lauriya , 596

  Laussel, 97

  Law, 135

  in primitive societies, 25-29

  in Sumeria, 120-121, 127

  in Egypt, 161-162

  in Babylonia, 135, 219, 220-221, 230-232

  in Assyria, 272

  in the Hittite Empire, 287

  in Judea, 328-339

  in Persia, 361, 374

  in India, 444, 483-488, 494, 495

  in China, 646-647, 797

  Lazarus, 614

  Le Sage, Alain René, French novelist and dramatist (1668-1747), 885

  League of Nations, 22, 931

  League of the Iroquois, 22

  Leah , one of Jacob’s wives, 41, 336

  Lebanon , 154, 292, 296, 761

  Ledoux, L. V., 906*

  Legalists, 674-675

  Legge, James, British orientalist (1815-1897), 653*, 665

  Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von, German philosopher and mathematician (1646-1716), 345, 516*, 536, 693, 773

  Leipzig, 693

  Lemnos, 95

  Lenguas, 50

  Lenin nom de guerre of Vladimir Ulyanov, Russian Soviet leader (1870-1924), 314

  Leonardo, see Vinci, Leonardo da

  Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658-1705), 736

  Lepsius, Karl Richard, German philologist (1813-1884), 203*

  Les Eyzies, 97*

  Lesser Vehicle, see Hinayana Buddhism

  Letourneau, C., 38

  Levi (lē’-vī), Hebrew patriarch (ca. 1700 B.C.), 314

  Levirate, 39

  Levites, 309, 314, 328

  Leviticus, 330, 331*

  Lex talionis , 27, 230-231, 338

  Leyden Museum, 157, 595

  Lhasa , 506, 507

  Li (lē), Lao-tze’s real name, 652

  Li and Chi (lē, jē), 732

  Li Hou-chu , Chinese emperor (ca. 970), 770

  Li Hung-chang (lē hoong jäng), Chinese statesman (1823-1901), 730, 807, 810

  Li Lung-mien , Chinese painter (1040-1106), 750-751

  Li Po (lē bō), Chinese poet (705-762), 703, 705-711, 713, 714, 717, 751, 909

  Li Ssü (lē sü), Chinese statesman (fl. 215 B.C.), 695, 696

  Li Ssu-hsün , Chinese painter (651-716), 748

  Liang K’ai (lē-äng’ kī), Chinese painter (ca. 750), 751

  Liao Chai Chih I (lyou jī jē ē), 718

  Liaotung , 806, 848, 918

  Liberia, 16

  Libraries, in Sumeria, 131-132

  in Egypt, 174

  in Babylonia, 249

  in Assyria, 237*, 243, 249, 250, 266*, 269, 277

  in India, 468, 556

  in China, 697, 699, 727

  Libya, 215

  Libyans, 184, 215

  Lichchavi , 419

  Li-Chi (lē jē), 664, 723, 794

  Lieh-I (lē’-ŭ-ē), Chinese painter (1st century), 746

  Light of Asia, 423*

  Li-ling , Prince of Yung (ca. 756), 710

  Lin Tze-hsü , Chinese statesman (ca. 1838), 804

  Lin-an (lē-nän’), 727

  Linga , 519, 520

  Lingaraja Temple, 599

  Lingayats , 519

  Ling-chao , Lady, Chinese Buddhist mystic (8th century), 751†

  Lin-k’ew , 662

  Lippert, Julius, German sociologist (1859-1909), 42*

  Literature, 936

  Sumerian, 132

  Egyptian, 173-179

  Babylonian, 176-178, 241-243, 250-254

  Assyrian, 277

  Hebrew, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 325-327, 329-330, 339-349 (also see Prophets, Bible, Old Testament, New Testament, etc.)

  Persian, see Zend-Avesta; Indian, 407-409, 458, 555-583

  Chinese, 648-649, 664-666, 705-723, 821

  Japanese, 878-891, 926-927

  Liturgy, in Babylonia, 242-243

  Liu Ling , Chinese poet (third century), 708

  Lives of the Saints, 570

  Locke, John, English philosopher (1632-1704), 552

  Loire River, 226

  Lokamahadevi , wife of Vikramaditya Chalukya (ca. 1100), 602

  Lombards, 397

  London, 2, 17, 481, 613, 810, 817

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, American poet (1807-1882), 491

  Longford, J., 847

  Lorraine, Claude (nickname of Claude Gelée), French painter (1600-1682), 754

  Los Angeles, 393, 543

  Loti, Pierre (Julien Viaud), French author 1850-1923), 499

  Lotus Sect, 864

  Louis XIV, King of France (1643-1715), 163, 704*, 758, 768

  Louvre, 122, 134, 161, 186, 188, 219†, 289, 295

  Lower California Indians, 27

  Lo-yang (lō-yäng’), 647, 658, 662, 677, 679, 698*, 699, 746, 750

  Lu , Chinese empress (195-180 B.C.), 792

  Lu (state), 651, 658, 662, 663, 664, 678, 909

  Lü (lü), father of Shih Huang-ti (ca. 222 B.C.), 695

  Lu Hsiu-fu , Chinese hero (died 1260), 764

  Lubari, 60

  Lucretius Carus, Titus, Roman poet (95-53 B.C.), 57

  Lucullus, Lucius Lincinius, Roman general (110-56? B.C.), 226

  Lugal-zaggisi , Sumerian king, 121

  Lun Yü (lwěn ü), 665

  Lung Men , 739

  Luther, Martin, German religious reformer (1483-1546) 504-505

  Luxor (lŭk’-sôr), 140, 142, 144, 178, 214

  Lycaonians , 285

  Lycians , 285

  Lycidas, 880

  Lydia , 245, 288, 289-290, 352, 355, 358, 362, 380

  Lytton Report, 931

  M

  Ma (mä), Phrygian goddess, 288

  Ma Yuan , Chinese painter (ca. 1200), 751

  Mabuchi , Japanese Shintoist leader (1697-1769), 865, 874, 914

  Macao (mä-kow), 804

  Macartney, George, Earl of, British statesman (1737-1806), 768

  Macartney mission, 768-769

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord, English man of letters and statesman (1800-1859), 499, 614

  Maccabees , 331†, 335

  Macdonell, A. A., 395†

  Macedon, 216, 284, 385

  Machiavelli, Nicolò, Italian statesman and author (1469-1527), 443

  Macusis, 70

  Madagascans, 8, 50

  Madai (mä’-dī), 350; see Medes

  Madras , 393, 394, 456, 581, 586 600, 601, 602, 613, 615, 630

  Madras Presidency, 393, 457

  Madrid, 608

  Madura , 393, 456, 581, 600, 602, 610

  Mæonians (mē-), 285

  Mafuie, 60

  Magadha , 441, 449, 451, 505

  Magdalenian Culture, 94, 96, 97

  Magi, 365, 372

  Magic, 64-65, 67-68, 77

  in Sumeria, 125

  in Egypt, 204-205

  in Babylonia, 243-244

  in Assyria, 276

  in Judea, 309

  in
India, 518

  Magic Mountain, 718

  Magnesia, 296

  Magnetogorsk, 932

  Magog , 324

  Mahabharata , 398, 452, 468, 469, 491, 493, 495, 515, 517, 523, 524, 536*, 541, 542, 561-564, 571, 576, 605

  Mahavira , founder of Jainism (599-527 B.C.), 419-420, 422*

  Mahayana Buddhism, 450, 454, 504, 594, 733, 786, 833

  Mahmud , Sultan of Ghazni (gùz’-nê), (997-1030), 460, 462, 589

  Mahmud Tughlak , Sultan of Delhi (ca. 1398), 463

  Mahrati (language), 581

  Maison Dieu, Paris, 451*

  Maitreyi (mī-trā’-yē), 410-411

  Maitri Upanishad , 411

  Makura Zoshi , 887

  Malabar, 45, 613

  Malacca, 38, 803

  Malay Peninsula, 506, 606, 766, 779, 803

  Malay States, 931

  Malayan (language), 555

  Malinowski, B., 31

  Malta, 293

  Malthus, Robert Thomas, English political economist (1766-1834), 347, 627

  Malwa (mäl-wä’), 452

  Mamallapuram , 594, 601

  Mamelukes, 186

  Man, Age of, 102

  Manava Brahmans, 484

  Manchu Dynasty, 675, 736, 759, 768, 781, 792, 796, 805, 811

  Manchukuo (män-jō-gwō’), 767, 811, 931-932

  see Manchuria

  Manchuria , 98, 108, 641, 698, 767, 770, 813, 917†, 920†, 923, 927*, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932

  Mandalay, 393, 606

  Mandarin dialect, 821

  “Mandeville, Sir John,” French physician and traveler (14th century), 703

  Manet, Edouard, French painter (1832-1883), 912

  Manetho (măn’-é-thō), Egyptian author and priest (ca. 300-250 B.C.), 179*, 301†

  Mang (mäng) family, 682

  Mang He (mäng hā), Chinese statesman (ca. 500 B.C.), 662

  Mangu , Grand Khan of the Mongols (1250-1259), 763

  Mangwa (män-gwä), 909

  Manish-tusu , King of Akkad, 126

  Mantras , 407, 518, 610

  Manu , semi-historical Indian lawgiver, 484

  Manu, Code of, 28*, 482, 484, 485-488, 489, 491-492, 493, 494, 495, 496-497, 499, 530, 541, 564

  Manuel I, King of Portugal (1495-1521), 613

  Manufacture, in Sumeria, 124

  in Egypt, 158-159

  in Babylonia, 227

  in Assyria, 274

  in India, 479

  in China, 735, 777

  in Japan, 853-854

  Manyoshu , 878

  Maoris (mä’-ô-rēz), 42, 50

  Mara , 426

  Maracaibo, Lake, 99*

  Marathon, 355, 360, 381

  “Marco Millions,” 760, 766

  see Polo, Marco

  Mardi Gras, 37, 66

  Marduk , 221, 223, 225, 233, 235, 237, 240, 241, 256, 261, 268, 278

  Marquesas Islanders, 26

  Marriage, in primitive societies, 36-44, 48

  in Sumeria, 129-130

  in Egypt, 164

  in Babylonia, 246-247

 

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