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30 Hedden, T., et al. (2008), ‘Cultural influences on neural substrates of attentional control’, Psychological Science, 19, 12–17.
31 Tang, Y., et al. (2006), ‘Arithmetic processing in the brain shaped by cultures’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 10775–80.
32 Zhu, Y., et al. (2007), ‘Neural basis of cultural influence on self representation’, NeuroImage, 34, 1310–17.
33 Kobayashi, C., Glover, G. H. and Temple, E. (2006), ‘Cultural and linguistic influence on neural bases of theory of mind: an fMRI study with Japanese bilinguals’, Brain & Language, 98, 210–20.
34 Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S. and Lee, A. Y. (1999), ‘“I” value freedom, but “we” value relationships: self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment’, Psychological Science, 10, 321–6.
35 Kiuchi, A. (2006), ‘Independent and interdependent self-construals: ramifications for a multicultural society’, Japanese Psychological Research, 48, 1–16.
36 Han, S. and Humphreys, G. (2016), ‘Self-construal: a cultural framework for brain function’, Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 10–14.
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41 Kitayama, S., et al. (2006), ‘Voluntary settlement and the spirit of independence: evidence from Japan’s “northern frontier”’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 369–84.
42 Santos, H. C., Varnum, M. E. W. and Grossmann, I. (2017), ‘Global increases in individualism’, Psychological Science, 28, 1228–39.
43 Yu, F., et al. (2016), ‘Cultural value shifting in pronoun use’, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 310–16.
44 Grossmann, I. and Varnum, M. E. W. (2015), ‘Social structure, infectious diseases, disasters, secularism, and cultural change in America’, Psychological Science, 26, 311–24.
45 Piaget, J. and Inhelder, B. (1969), The Psychology of the Child. New York: Basic Books.
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47 Gächter, S. and Herrmann, B. (2009), ‘Reciprocity, culture, and human cooperation: previous insights and a new cross-cultural experiment’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 791–80.
48 Cunningham, S., et al. (2008), ‘Yours or mine? Ownership and memory’, Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 312–18.
49 Cunningham, S., et al. (2013), ‘Exploring early self-referential memory effects through ownership’, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 31, 289–301.
50 Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A. and Kirker, W. S. (1977), ‘Self-reference and the encoding of personal information’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 677–88.
51 Turk, D. J., et al. (2011), ‘Mine and me: exploring the neural basis of object ownership’, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, 3657–68.
52 Zhu, Y., et al. (2007), ‘Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation’, NeuroImage, 34, 1310–16.
53 Shavitt, S. and Cho, H. (2016), ‘Culture and consumer behavior: the role of horizontal and vertical cultural factors’, Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 149–54.
54 Shavitt, S., Johnson, T. P. and Zhang, J. (2011), ‘Horizontal and vertical cultural differences in the content of advertising appeals’, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23, 297–310.
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57 Kahneman, D. (2012), Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Penguin.
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59 Lindqvist, E., Östling, R. and Cecarini, D. (2018), Long-run Effects of Lottery Wealth on Psychological Well-being. Working Paper Series 1220, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
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61 Langer, E. (1975), ‘The illusion of control’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311–28.
62 van de Ven, N. and Zeelenberg, M. (2011), ‘Regret aversion and the reluctance to exchange lottery tickets’, Journal of Economic Psychology, 32, 194–200.
63 Gilovich, T., Medvec, V. H. and Chen, S. (1995), ‘Commission, omission, and dissonance reduction: coping with regret in the “Monty Hall” problem’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 185–90.
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66 Cronqvist, H. and Siegel, S. (2014), ‘The genetics of investment biases’, Journal of Financial Economics, 113, 215–34.
67 Rangel, A., Camerer, C. and Montague, P. R. (2008), ‘A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making’, Nature Review Neuroscience, 9, 545–56.
68 Knutson, B. and Greer, S. M. (2008), ‘Anticipatory affect: neural correlates and consequences for choice’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363, 3771–86.
69 DeWall, C. N., Chester, D. S. and White, D. S. (2015), ‘Can acetaminophen reduce the pain of decision-making?’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 117–20.
70 Knutson, B., et al. (2008), ‘Neural antecedents of the endowment effect’, Neuron, 58,
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7. LETTING GO
1 Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (1979), ‘Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk’, Econometrica, 47, 263–92.
2 Novemsky, N. and Kahneman, D. (2005), ‘The boundaries of loss aversion’, Journal of Marketing Research, 42, 119–28.
3 Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L. and Thaler, R. H. (1991), ‘The endowment effect, loss aversion and status quo bias’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5, 193–206.
4 Bramsen, J.-M. (2008), ‘A Pseudo-Endowment Effect in Internet Auctions’, MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany.
5 Wolf, J. R., Arkes, H. R. and Muhanna, W. (2008), ‘The power of touch: an examination of the effect of duration of physical contact on the valuation of objects’, Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 476–82.
6 Maddux, W. M., et al. (2010), ‘For whom is parting with possessions more painful? Cultural differences in the endowment effect’, Psychological Science, 21, 1910–17.
7 Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K. and Vesterlund, L. (2001), ‘Are adults better behaved than children? Age, experience, and the endowment effect’, Economics Letters, 70, 175–81.
8 Hood, B., et al. (2016), ‘Picture yourself: self-focus and the endowment effect in preschool children’, Cognition, 152, 70–77.
9 Hartley, C. and Fisher, S. (2017), ‘Mine is better than yours: investigating the ownership effect in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children’, Cognition, 172, 26–36.
10 Lee, A., Hobson, R. P. and Chiat, S. (1994), ‘I, you, me, and autism: an experimental study’, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 155–76.
11 Lind, S. E. (2010), ‘Memory and the self in autism: a review and theoretical framework’, Autism, 14, 430–56.
12 Apicella, C. L., et al. (2014), ‘Evolutionary origins of the endowment effect: evidence from hunter-gatherers’, American Economic Review, 104, 1793–805.
13 List, J. A. (2011), ‘Does market experience eliminate market anomalies? The case of exogenous market experience’, American Economic Review, 101, 313–17.
14 Tong, L. C. P., et al. (2016), ‘Trading experience modulates anterior insula to reduce the endowment effect’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 9238–43.
15 http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/11/28/black.friday.violence/index.html.
16 Seymour, B., et al. (2007), ‘Differential encoding of losses and gains in the human striatum’, Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 4826–31.
17 Knutson, B. and Cooper, J. C. (2009), ‘The lure of the unknown’, Neuron, 51, 280–81.
18 Olds, J. and Milner, P. (1954), ‘Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain’, Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 47, 419–27.
19 Blum, K., et al. (2012), ‘Sex, drugs, and rock ’n’ roll: hypothesizing common mesolimbic activation as a function of reward gene polymorphisms’, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44, 38–55.
20 Moore, T. J., Glenmullen, J. and Mattison, D. R. (2014), ‘Reports of pathological gambling, hypersexuality, and compulsive shopping associated with dopamine receptor agonist drugs’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 174, 1930–33.
21 Knutson, B., et al. (2006), ‘Neural predictors of purchases’, Neuron, 53, 147–56.
22 Cath, D. C., et al. (2017), ‘Age-specific prevalence of hoarding and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a population-based study’, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 245–55.
23 http://time.com/2880968/connecticut-hoarder-beverly-mitchell/.
24 http://www.mfb.vic.gov.au/Community-Safety/Home-Fire-Safety/Hoarding-a-lethal-fire-risk.html.
25 Samuels, J. F., et al. (2007), ‘Hoarding in obsessive-compulsive disorder: results from the OCD collaborative genetics study’, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 673–86.
26 Cooke, J. (2017), Understanding Hoarding. London: Sheldon Press.
27 Tolin, D. F., et al. (2012), ‘Neural mechanisms of decision making in hoarding disorder’, Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 832–41.
28 Christopoulos, G. I., et al. (2009), ‘Neural correlates of value, risk, and risk aversion contributing to decision making under risk’, Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 12574–83.
29 Votinov, M., et al. (2010), ‘The neural correlates of endowment effect without economic transaction’, Neuroscience Research, 68, 59–65.
30 http://www.investinganswers.com/personal-finance/homes-mortgages/8-insane-ways-people-destroyed-their-foreclosed-homes-4603.
31 Garcia-Moreno, C., et al. (2005), WHO Multicountry Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women’s Responses. Geneva: World Health Organization.
32 Yardley, E., Wilson, D. and Lynes, A. (2013), ‘A taxonomy of male British family annihilators, 1980–2012’, The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, 53, 117–40.
33 Nadler, J. and Diamond, S. S. (2008), ‘Eminent domain and the psychology of property rights: proposed use, subjective attachment, and taker identity’, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 5, 713–49.
34 https://www.theglobeandmail.com/real-estate/vancouver/meet-the-wealthy-immigrants-at-the-centre-of-vancouvers-housingdebate/article31212036/.
35 http://www.propertyportalwatch.com/juwei-com-survey-finds-chinese-buyers-prefer-new-homes/.
36 Quote in Revkin, Andrew C. (2016), ‘In Italy’s earthquake zone, love of place trumps safety’, New York Times, 25 August, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/08/25/in-italys-earthquake-zone-love-of-place-trumps-safety/.
37 Rozin, P. and Wolf, S. (2008), ‘Attachment to land: the case of the land of Israel for American and Israeli Jews and the role of contagion’, Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 325–34.
38 Dittmar, H., et al. (2014), ‘The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: a meta-analysis’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107, 879–924.
EPILOGUE
1 Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1982), ‘The Symbolic Function of Possessions: Towards a Psychology of Materialism’. Paper presented at the 90th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, quoted in Belk, R. (1988), ‘Possessions and the extended self’, Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 139–68.
2 https://www.facebook.com/WokeFolks/videos/1014990085308007/.
3 Schopenhauer, A. (1851), Parerga und Paralipomena. Berlin.
4 Ackerman, D., MacInnis, D. and Folkes, F. (2000), ‘Social comparisons of possessions: when it feels good and when it feels bad’, Advances in Consumer Research, 27, 173–8.
5 Belk, R. (2011), ‘Benign envy’, Academy of Marketing Sciences Review, 1, 117–34.
6 Wolcott, R. C. (2018), ‘How automation will change work, purpose and meaning’, Harvard Business Review, January, https://hbr.org/2018/01/how-automation-will-change-work-purpose-and-meaning.
7 https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/transportation_economic_trends/ch4/index.html.
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the print edition from which this ebook was created, and clicking on them will take you to the the location in the ebook where the equivalent print page would begin. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Addams, Franklin P. 20
adaptation 95, 102–3, 129, 139
advertising xi, 24, 95, 103, 109, 121, 134
Airbnb 117
Alder Hey scandals 13–14
Allen, M. 58
altruism 74–8, 84–5, 88
‘America first’ 17, 45
‘American dream’ 71–2, 130
annihilations 151
anticipation 140, 147–8
Apple 8–9, 109, 121, 146
Aristotle 4, 108, 120
arranged marriages 11, 15
artificial intelligence 165
attachment objects 62–6
; auctions xi, 1–2, 48, 50, 142, 146
authenticity 63, 97, 165
authoritarianism 18, 20
autism 144
automation 93, 165
Baltimore Sun 110
Banksy 47–9, 58
bartering 31–2
Battle of the Book, the 22
BBC xiv, 17
beavers 38–9
Beder, S. 93
Being and Nothingness, Sartre 120
Belk, R. 122, 125
Bentham, Jeremy 25, 152, 160
Best, E. 127
Bird, R. B. 100
Black Friday 146
bling 106–8
blood donation 76, 84, 86
bowerbird 32, 95
brain activation 108, 129, 133–4, 140, 146, 162
branding 96–7, 99, 109
Breaking Bad 124
Brexit 17, 24, 82–3
Bristol 48, 79
Brown, Gordon 113
Buddha 3, 49, 127
Buffett, Warren 160
Burberry 99
burglary 42, 118–19
butterflies 30
bystander effect 42–3
Cambridge Analytica 24
capitalism 19, 123
carbon footprint xii, 116–17
Carr, B. 59
Castle Doctrine 55
charity 74–5, 78–9, 85–8, 97, 100, 132
chavs 99
cheats 32, 76–8, 81, 87, 97–8
chimpanzees 32–3, 39, 61, 75, 77, 81
Chloé 98
Choosing the Right Pond, Frank 104
Christakis, N. 111–12
Christmas Carol, A, Dickens 91
climate change xii, xiv, xv, 43, 45, 88, 116–17, 159
Clinton, Hillary 72
‘Club Neverdie’ 23
Coke, Sir Edward 55
collecting xi, 3, 60, 121–2, 148–50
collectivism 34, 127–34, 142, 144
Colston, Edward 79
communism 69–71
competitive instinct 28–9, 44, 68, 73, 88, 160, 164
Conflict of Laws 6
Confucius 69
conspicuous consumption 94, 96, 100, 105–7
consumerism xii, xiv–v, 8, 90–94, 101, 116, 119, 147, 157, 164