by Paul Keegan
12 plesans delight
1 y-bownden bound [in Hell];
2 to long too long;
4 clerkës fynden writen scholars find written; herë their;
5 ne hadde had not; takë ben been taken;
6 ‘Our Lady would never have been Queen of Heaven’;
8 mown singen may sing
1 makëles matchless/mateless;
2 to here sone she ches as her son she chose;
3 also styllë as silently; ther his moder was where his mother was;
5 bowr bower;
6 flour flower;
8 spray branch;
9 was never non was never anyone;
10 swych such; Godës God’s
2 husbonde husbandman, farmer;
3 erynge ploughing;
4 sonde sending (gift);
5 in honde in hand;
6 ynowe enough, in abundance;
7 gate way;
10 aboute busy with;
11 swete sweat;
13 [horse names];
14 ful sore with great difficulty;
15 morwenynge morning;
17 shefe sheave;
20 knowe judge;
22 Janyver January;
26 sede seed;
28 lete grant;
29 lede lead;
30 ‘all who pray for ploughmen’
3 sone soon;
4 dome the Last Judgement;
5 mane man
2 maystry mastery;
3 stond stands;
6 maydenys maidens;
7 kybe chilblain; kaght caught;
8 ae always;
9 berys berries;
10 foster forester; doos does;
12 oule owl;
14 poppynguy green woodpecker; gayntyl gentle; lavyrok lark;
16 howlat owl; kreye cries
1 swych such;
8 Res miranda ‘Thing to be marvelled at’;
11 Pari forma ‘In one substance’;
12 to too;
14 Gaudeamus ‘Let us rejoice’;
17 Transeamus ‘Let us proceed’
19 propre and prest decorous and well-behaved;
24 prytely prettily;
29 gressop grasshopper;
33 slo slay;
72 carlyshe churlish;
73 fynde fiend;
74 untwynde destroyed;
95 bote bit;
97 grypes griffins;
113 ought the bore thee;
119 departed separated
2 quhilk which;
3 frivoll fickle;
9 war worse;
12 inflat puffed;
13 roising rosy;
14 memour memory;
15 sic such;
16 weiris passes away;
18 steiris gets moving;
19 drerie miserable;
20 woik stayed awake;
21 dule grief;
22 remeid bring relief; mend provide a remedy;
23 lipper leper; rais got up; wend went;
24 spurnis kick;
25 sla slay;
26 sen since; dowbillis doubles;
27 neid necessity;
28 leir learn; clapper (leper’s) rattle;
29 leif live; leid people;
30 buit remedy; yeid went;
31 quhill until;
32 rank downright;
33 samin same; garnisoun garrison;
35 jeopardie of weir fortune of war;
38 agane back; raid rode;
39 lipper lepers; bait waited;
40 ane stevin one voice;
41 schuik shook; coppis bowls; gude speid vigorously;
43 deid give;
45 pietie pity; can pas passed;
46 witting knowing;
47 scho she; kest cast; ene eyes;
48 blenk glance; come came;
50 plye condition;
52 blenking glances;
54–5 ‘It was no wonder if he conceived her image so quickly in his mind - and see now why’;
56 idole image; in cace by chance;
57 fantasy imagination;
58 wittis senses;
59 lyke estait similar state;
60 ‘As it was shaped within the mind’;
61 culd spring sprang;
62 kendlit kindled;
63 hait hot; fewir fever; sweit sweat; trimbling trembling;
64 quhill until;
66 ane quhyle a short time; he changit mony hewe his colour kept on changing;
67 not ane ane uther knew neither recognised the other;
68 pietie pity; memoriall remembrance;
69 gyrdill belt; can he tak he took;
70 jowall jewel;
71 can swak flung;
73 quhill while;
74 oftsyis often;
75 can draw drew near;
78 ‘each began to whisper secretly to the other’;
80 however it be for whatever reason; lazarous leper;
81 knaw know;
82 scho she; feill idea;
85 gentill and fre noble and generous;
87 stiffer stronger; steill steel; stert sprang; stound pain;
89 ouircome revived; siching sighing;
90 cald cold, mournful; ochane cry of sorrow;
91 stoundis pangs; stad beset;
92 will of wane bewildered, hopeless;
93 swounit swooned; or scho culd refane before she ceased;
96 lawtie loyalty;
98 elevait raised high;
99 clam climbed; quheill wheel [of Fortune]; hie high;
101 the self itself;
103 continence self-restraint;
104 chaist honourable; conversatioun conduct;
106 opinioun reputation;
112 I lat yow wit I’d have you know; thairout in the world;
113 traist trust;
114 preif try;
115 reid advise;
116 sad steadfast; widdercok weathercock;
117 knaw know;
118 brukkil brittle; into my self, I say ‘which I find by experience’;
119 traisting expecting;
120 als as; fay faith;
121 thocht though; wait know;
122 ruse praise;
126 beteiche commit; carioun corpse;
127 taidis toads; rent devoured;
132 quhilk which; in drowrie as a love-token;
134 cairfull deid sorrowful death; kend known;
136 spreit spirit; Diane Diana;
137 waist wild; wellis springs;
139 in takning as a token;
140 swelt died;
141 tuik of took off;
142 syne then; buryt hir buried her;
143 bair bore;
144 can declair told of;
145 hard heard;
147 sic such;
148 swelt swooned; swoun faint;
149 to brist was boun was ready to burst;
150 I can no moir there is no more I can do;
152 merbell marble;
153 wrait wrote; superscriptioun inscription;
155 ressoun statement;
158 lait lipper former leper;
159 ballet poem;
160 worschip honour;
161 of cheritie for the love of God; monische admonish;
162 ming mingle;
165 sen since
1 heill health;
4 ‘The fear of death confounds me’;
7 brukle brittle, fragile; sle sly;
10 sary sorrowful;
11 like likely;
13 erd earth; sickir secure;
14 wickir willow branch;
17 the ded death;
18 potestatis rulers;
21 in to in (the);
22 anarmyt armed;
23 mellé combat, skirmish;
26 sowkand sucking;
27 benignité graciousness, meekness;
29 campion champion; stour battle;
30 closit enclosed (for defence);
31 bour bower;
&nbs
p; 33 piscence puissance, power;
34 clerk scholar;
35 strak stroke;
39 ‘No subtle conclusions can help them’;
41 most greatest;
42 lechis physicians;
43 supplé deliver;
45 laif rest;
46 pageant pageant (of life); syne then; graif grave;
47 faculté profession;
50 of makaris flour the flower of makers (poets);
55 cuntré country (i.e. Scotland);
57 has done infek infected;
59 balat song; trigidé tragedy-writing;
61 berevit taken away by force;
62 allace alas;
63 Schir Sir;
65 eik too;
66 anteris adventures;
70 schour shower;
71 quhilk which;
73 reft bereft; endite (power of) writing;
74 lifly vividly;
75 quyk vigorous; of sentence hie of great pith;
79 fallowis fellows;
81 done roun whispered, had a conversation;
83 enbrast embraced;
85 aw all;
87 ‘whom all men regret’;
91 reuth pity; so suld be it should be so;
93 sen since; brether brothers, brethren;
94 alane alone;
95 ‘Of necessity I must be his next prey’;
97 remeid remedy;
98 dispone make ready;
99 eftir after
2 campioun champion;
3 yettis gates;
4 croce cross;
5 divillis trymmillis devils tremble;
6 saulis souls; borrowit ransomed;
7 dois indoce endorses;
8 ‘The Lord is risen from the tomb’;
9 Dungin struck down;
10 stang sting;
11 ‘the fierce old tiger with his teeth ajar’;
15 to felye of that fang to fall short of that prey;
18 dicht arrayed;
20 ‘and like a giant has stretched himself on high’;
21 sprungin risen; Aurora [the Dawn]; radius radiant;
22 on loft into the heavens;
26 querrell cause;
27 sone sun; wox grew;
28 clerit cleared;
31 Jowis Jews;
33 done ceis brought to an end;
34 jevellouris jailers; fleit and flemit scared away;
35 weir war;
36 lowsit loosed; temit emptied;
38 ourcomin overcome;
39 dispulit despoiled; yemit guarded
1 In to thir in these; drublie clouded;
2 quhone when; sabill sable, black; arrayis cloaks;
3 cluddis clouds;
4 curage… of heart for;
6 lenthin length;
8 dulé doleful; lurk for schoir cower under the threat;
9 dois forlore is lost, becomes desolate;
14 mair more;
15 remeid remedy;
18 quhairon on which; leif live;
19 mischeif hardship;
20 in to in; court the royal court;
22 the thee;
24 quhome whom;
25 quhill until; glass i.e. Time’s glass;
27 that will away what wishes to be off;
28 ‘or crave what you cannot keep for any length of time’;
30 journay journey;
32 I the requeir I beg you;
34 compt an account;
36 ‘At which Death casts open his wide gates’;
37 ‘saying “These will stay open for you” ’;
38 stout strong, brave;
39 lowt stoop;
42 kist chest; coup wine-cup;
43 luiffis blys love’s joy;
44 lat prevent;
45 sowp sup;
46 quhone when;
50 disport merriment
1 be when; grondyn sharpened;
2 boss hollow; braid broad;
3 ilke same; brade burst forth;
5 ombeset beset; bustuusly violently;
7 wallis weltris waves roll;
8 anys once;
10 hait are called;
12 takillis tackle, rigging; graslis harsh, grating noise; cabillis cables; can fret begin to fret;
13 Swith swiftly;
17 levin lightning;
19 mannasit menaced;
20 e eye
1 e eye;
2 chymmys mansions;
3 symmyris summer’s;
4 laton copper; haill of new entirely;
5 Kythyng no syng showing no sign;
9 all thocht although;
10 Forfeblit enfeebled; wolx waxed; lemand gylty levyn gleaming golden light;
11 speir sphere;
12 ryngis reigns;
14 brumaill wintry;
15 brym fierce; art direction;
18 ourweltrand tossing about; wally seys stormy seas;
19 reid furiously;
20 burnys burns;
21 landbrist rumland surf roaring; sik beir such noise;
22 rumyst roared;
23 Fludis monstreis sea-monsters; meirswyne porpoises; quhalis whales;
24 law low; devalis descend;
25 occident in the west;
28 Bewavit blew about; by hys race in his course;
29 Frawart ill-natured;
30 quhais whose; darth dearth;
32 greis degrees;
34 spulyeit despoiled;
35 ysowpit soaked; wak wet;
36 rokis clouds;
37 fawch yellowy-brown; wolx waxed;
38 slekit smooth; ourheildis are covered;
39 rolkis rocks; quhyn-stane whinstone;
40 clynty clewis schane fissured cliffs shone;
41 barrand barren;
42 hair hoar; ourfret patterned over;
43 bubbis squalls; snell bitter;
44 sward open field;
46 eild age; ded death;
47 drumly skuggis gloomy shadows;
48 warpit threw; levyn lightning;
49 Flaggis flashes; felloun flaw fierce blast;
50 soppys downpours; snypand biting;
51 dolly dismal; donk damp;
52 flodderit flooded;
54 floschis pools; dubbis puddles;
55 ‘meadows covered in mire are seen with withered ferns’;
56 kythit showed; wysnyt wizened;
57 boddum valley; blanchit bleached;
58 gurl rough;
59 waif wave;
60 bedowyn immersed; sike stream;
61 Our over; seir many
62 ische-schouchlis icicles;
64 gersis grasses; wallowyt withered;
65 bewis blowt bare boughs;
66 weid wood; howt copse;
68 deyr deer; dern timidly;
69 ronys brambles; thrang thronged;
70 chyrmyng chirping;
71 hidlis and hyrnys hiding-places and nooks;
72 thuddis blasts;
73 watir lynnys rowtis waterfalls roar; lynd lime-tree;
74 brayt roared; swouchand rushing;
76 wait wet; draglit bedraggled;
77 sheip shepherds; hyrd gromys shepherd-lads;
78 le lee; bromys broom;
79 dantit tamed; grettar greater;
80 sesyt settled;
81 sik as such as; ky kine;
82 barys boars;
84 symmeris summer’s
2 born carried; mak mate;
4 brown dark/shady;
6 purpill and pall purple cloth and costly fabric;
7 bede [four-poster] bed;
9 lythe lies;
10 wowndes wounds;
11 may maiden;
13 ston altar-stone/sepulchre; Corpus Christi ‘Body of Christ’
2 at before;
3 levere rather;
5 asythe amends;
7 ‘some are here today that shall not be here tomorrow’;
8 cheyré feyre [fair held in cherry-or
chards during the brief season];
9 algate whatever I do;
10 ryall royal; cheyere throne;
11 sotell subtle, insidious;
12 onavysed without warning;
13 devors divorce [between soul and body];
14 cors corpse;
17 hold stronghold;
21 horne horn [trumpet-blast];
24 yeveth gives; bable bauble;
25 trowth truth;
26 compile formulate;
28 foly folly;
32 Requiem eternam ‘Eternal rest (grant them, O Lord)’;
35 that he who
2 juggelere magician/conjuror;
5 wold would;
7 nise coy;
9 molde earth [mortal];
12 dangerus haughty;
13 hard heard;
16 Iwis indeed; tene vexation;
23 priked rode;
25 wend thought;
31 heven towre tower of Heaven;
56 undo open;
61 chorle churl;
65 mele-pok meal-bag;
70 giglot wench/strumpet;
71 leman lover
3 inbryngis performed;
11 chere countenance;
12 mislyng drizzle;
19 counteryng improvisation
5 Reflaring odorous;
6 camamell camomile;
7 rosay rose-tree;
10 nepte catmint;
11 jeloffer gillyflower;
13 Enuwyd revived, freshened
8 provision [of place-men for benefices];
11 hardy-dardy rash daring;
17 after-dele consequence;
21 dawys hedde fool’s head;
28 dowghtfull fearful;
32 worth a hawe worth a thing;
34 pelory pajauntes pillory-pageants;
35 cooke-stole cucking stool;
36 mokkyshe scorneful, skittish;
39 bocher [Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a butcher];
42 browe-auntleres cuckold’s horns; cabagyd grown;
45 trusys truces;
46 bely-joye gluttony;
48 howgye howsys huge houses;
49 pyllyng and pollyng plundering and extortion;
54 hatered hatred; cheryte charity;
56 dowbyll double;
58 lyerd heard of;
60 rygorous harsh;
64 fylty filthy;
67 loselles scoundrels;
68 myday sprettes noonday devils;
70 all be shrewde so depraved;
71 mulys mules
2 iwis truly;
12 than then