Williams, C. H. William Tyndale. London: Nelson, 1%9.
Williams, Neville. The Cardinal and the Secretary: Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson and New York: Macmillan, 1975.
. Henry VHI and His Court. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971.
. The Royal Residences of Great Britain. New York: Macmillan, 1960.
Williams, Penry. "A Revolution in Tudor History?" Past and Present, No. 25 (July 1%3), 3-56.
Wilson, Derek. A Tudor Tapestry: Men, Women and Society in Reformation England. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972.
I
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
411
I
Woodward, G. W. O. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. New York: Walker and
Co., 1%7. Youings, Joyce. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. London: George Allen and
Unwin, 1971. Zimmermann, T. C. Price. "A note on Clement VII and the divorce of Henry
VIII." English Historical Review, LXXXII, No. 324 (July 1%7), 548-52.
Abell, Thomas, 313
Abergavenny, Lord, 151
acateries, royal, 98
Act for the Advancement of True Religion,
354 Act of Annates, First (1532), 250 Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533), 250, 253 Act of Succession (1534), 250, 256 Act of Supremacy (1534), 250 Agincourt, battle of (1415), 72 Aigues-Mortes, truce of (1536), 289 alchemy, 34, 46, 352 Alen^on, duchess of, 206 Allen, Robert, 266 Alsop, Thomas, 283, 361 Amicable Grant (tax levy), 170, 173-74, 175 Ammonio, Andrea, 44, 118, 127, 149 Anabaptists, 293 Andre, Bernard, 28 Anne Boleyn (ship), 190 Anne of Cleves, 298, 302-12, 322, 331, 333
betrothal of, 303
description of, 302-3, 307
divorceof, 309, 310, 311-12
earlier marriage contract of, 303, 309, 311
Henry's disappointment in, 306-7, 308
retirement of, 312
wedding of, 308 apothecaries, 261-62, 283, 363 apprentices, riots by, 146-47, 148, 150, 154 ap Rhys, Griffith, 227, 228 archery, military use of, 80-81 architecture, Henry's enterprises in, 182,
235, 286-87, 336-37, 344, 347 Ardres, French town of, 131, 141, 142 armor, 71, 191,233,335,340
for Field of Cloth of Gold tournament, 136
Henry's expenditures on, 79 arms, armaments, 132
in 1513 campaign, 71, 75-76, 80-81
in 1543 campaign, 335-37, 344
inventions in, 337 Arran, earl of, 334 Arras, bishop of, 346 Arthur, prince of Wales, 23, 25, 26, 27
death of, 41
Henry's relationship with, 23
marriage of, 39-41 Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 116 Askew, Anne, 364 astrology, 138,201,266-67 astronomy, Henry's interest in, 183, 267 Audley, Thomas, 360 Ayala, Spanish ambassador, 35
Babham, Richard, 282
Badoer, Venetian ambassador, 58, 61, 72, 76,82, 114
Bainbridge, Cardinal, 76
Barbaristo (Henry's horse), 127
Barnes, Robert, 310, 311, 313
Basilisk (gun), 132
"Battle of the Spurs" (1513), 87-88, 93
Bayard, Chevalier, 87
bear-baiting, 363
Beaton, David, Cardinal, 295
Beauchamp, Richard, earl of Warwick, 73
Beaufort, Margaret, see Margaret, countess of Richmond
Becket, Saint Thomas, tomb of, 292
beer, supplied to military, 79
Bellarmine, Robert, 234
Benevolences, 352
Bemers, Lord, 72
Bible: divorce issue and, 234 law on reading of, 354, 356, 358 translations of, 117, 251, 354, 358
Biel, Gabriel, 116
Blackeden, Cuthbert, 282
413
INDEX
Blackfriars. 56
Blount, Bessie, 159, 277
Blount, Gertrude, marchioness of Exeter,
280. 288. 318 Blount. William. Lord Mountjoy. 27. 61, 62.
118. 155 boar hunting, 184 Bokes of Salomon. The, 330 Bolenger. John. 235
Boleyn. Anne. 187. 188, 191. 198. 216. 245. 270-71.299
ancestry of. 231
coronation of. 239. 241
correspondence of. 203. 204, 208-9, 218-19
courtiers" reactions to. 240, 241-42
description of, 187
early affairs of. 189-90
fall and death of. 262-63
feelings for Henry of. 204, 220
at French court, 187. 270
Henry's alienation from, 243, 259-62
Henrys love for. 186. 190. 195. 204. 209. 217,220.223,231,238
hostility of populace toward, 231-32, 241-42
musical gifts of, 187-88, 235
pregnancies of, 239, 260, 262
status of, before marriage, 210, 212, 230. 231
wedding of, 240
witchcraft attributed to, 267
Wolsey and, 189, 190, 201, 210, 220, 236 Boleyn. Geoffrey, 231 Boleyn, George, 209, 223, 262, 263 Boleyn, Mary, see Carey. Mary Boleyn Boleyn, Thomas, eari of Wiltshire, 105. 148, 159, 173, 187, 201, 203, 206, 215, 232, 269,280
Anne's relations with, 240, 241
created Viscount Rochford, 163, 189
daughters as pawns of, 188-89 Bonde,John, 259 Bonnivet, French admiral, 143 Boothe, WiUiam, 112 Bordeaux, English in, 131 Bosworth Field, battle of (1485), 33, 35 Boulogne, city of. 353
in English hands. 347^i8, 349-50
in 1523 campaign, 167
1543 English siege of. 340-^7. 352
1545 French siege of, 350 Brandon, Catherine, 245, 338, 365
Brandon, Charles. 55. 59. 67, 78, 82. 90, 112, 144, 152, 159, 173, 189, 201, 203, 229, 278. 280, 287. 305, 306, 322
as Anne Boleyns enemy, 241
created duke of Suffolk, 121
death of, 360
in 1523 campaign, 167, 168
in 1539 campaign, 295
in 1543 campaign, 338, 343, 348
as Henry's intimate ftiend, 29-30, 92, 121, 125
as Henry's jousting partner, 125-26, 233
Henry's marriage plans for, 122-23
Henry's suspicions of, 148
marriage complications of, 121, 124, 162, 199-200
marriage to Catherine Willoughby of, 245
marriage to Mary Tudor of, 124-25
succession issue and, 158
as Viscount Lisle and marshal of army, 80, 121 Brandon. Frances, 162 Brandon. Henry, earl of Lincoln, 156, 214 Brandon. Mary, see Mary, duchess of Suffolk Brandon, WiUiam, 30 Brantome, Seigneur de, 188 Brereton, William, 105, 263 Brigge, Mabel, 266 Brody,John, 169 Brown, Anne, 144—45 Brown, Anthony, 144, 203 Brown, John, 75 Brown, Weston, 144 Browne, Anne (servant), 112 Browne, Anne (wife of Charles Brandon),
121 Bryan, Francis, 103, 105, 112, 144, 159, 217,
285,300 Buckingham, Edward Stafford, duke of, 65, 82, 105, 109, 152, 154. 157
execution of. 151
Henry's suspicions of, 148. 150-51
wardrobe inventory of. 114 Butler. Agnes. 23 Butler. James, 189 Butts. Dr., 216. 360
Cajetan. Cardinal. 234 Caligula, 343 campaign of 1513, 71-93 battle of Guinegate ("Battle of the Spurs") in, 87-88. 93
415
in Calais, 80
deployment of army in, 82
in France, 82-93
Henry's living conditions in, 86
monetary costs of, 92
outcome of, 92-93
preparations in England for, 71-79
siege of Therouanne in, 86-88, 89, 92
siege of Toumai in, 88, 89, 92
"statutes of war" in, 89
troops' reactions in, 83-86, 89-90 campaign of 1523, 167-70
financing of, 168-69, 170, 174
Henry's motives questioned in, 169-70
launching of, 167
popular resentment of, 168-69
preparations for, 167
strategies in, 167-68, 169
territorial claims on France in, 170 campaign of 1539, 294-97
end of, 2%
popular response to, 294
En
glish preparations for, 294, 295-% campaign of 1543, 334-52
action in France in, 340-48
Charles's reversal in, 350
Charles's role in, 342, 343-44, 345, 347, 350
English preparations for, 335-39
financing of, 338-39, 350, 352
Francis's peace envoys in, 344, 346
Henry's condition in, 338, 344
after Henry's return to England, 349-51
invasion plans of, 334, 335, 337, 338
Marquison campsite in, 340-42
provisioning of, 340, 341
reversals in, 345, 348
size of English army in, 340 Campeggio, Lorenzo, Cardinal, 116, 165, 218,220-23,225,226,351
character of, 221
created bishop of Salisbury, 221
legatine divorce court in England and, 209, 221-22, 227-29 camp followers, 341^2 Canicida (Henry's horse), 127 Capua, bishop of, 169 Carew, Edward, 86 Carew, Elizabeth Bryan, 105 Carew, Sir Gawen, 284 Carew, George, 350
Carew, Nicholas, 103, 105, 112, 126, 144, 320, 360
Carey, Mary Boleyn, 159-60, 188, 189, 190,
207, 215 Carey, William, 144, 159-60, 215 Carlisle, bishop of, 270 Carmeliano, Pietro, 44, 118 Caroz, Spanish ambassador, 58, 59-60, 64,
65 Carthusian monks, persecution of, 259 carvers, royal, 97, 107 Castiglione, Count Baldassare, 32 Castillon, French envoy, 267, 290-91, 295,
300-301 castles, changes in structure of, 152 Cavendish, George, 132-33 Cecily, Princess, 40 Chambers, John, 217, 283 Chapel, Giles, 144
Chapuys, imperial ambassador, 234, 242, 252, 254, 258, 267, 271, 290, 328, 349, 364 1543 campaign and, 330, 339, 343, 344, 346, 347 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 47, 122, 166-67, 190, 214, 309 doctrinal questions and, 354 Henry and, 139^-40, 146, 171, 172-73, 190,
206,300 Henry's hostility to, 191,193-94, 254,267 Katherine of Aragon and, 140, 171-72, 194, 195,199, 206,208, 222, 224-25,238 marriage to Isabella of, 173 peasants' revolt £md, 172, 174-75 pensions to English nobility by, 171 persecution of Protestants by, 268 relations with France of, 167, 170, 171, 172-73, 289-91, 295, 309, 334, 338, 342^5, 347, 350 Rome captured by, 200 Wolseyand, 171-73 see also England; Holy Roman Empire Charles VIII, king of France, 22 charms, belief in, 265 Cheke, John, 354 Cheyney, Thomas, 2%, 297 Chieregato, papal nuncio, 133, 149 Chievres, minister of Charles V, 156 children: buying of, by Henry, 112 hazards to, 26 chivahy, 60, 73
Henry's ideals of, 28-29, 72-74, 88, 89,
165-66, 334 training in, 28-29, 31-32
INDEX
choir, royal, 110-11
Christina, duchess of Milan, 298, 299-300
Christopher (royal milliner), 232
Chronicles (Froissart), 72
Chrysostom, 291
Claude, queen of France, 137, 143, 144, 145,
187 cleanliness (personal hygiene), 25-26, 31 Clement VII, Pope, 200-201, 206
death of, 252
Henry's divorce suit and, 208, 210-11, 220, 226, 233, 238, 243
Henry's threats to leave church and, 211 clergy:
Colet's denigration of, 119
Cromwell's opposition to, 251
Henry vs., 250, 252, 254, 357-58
popular reactions to, 258, 355
royal investigations of, 273-75
sexual irregularities of, 274
Wolsey's fall and, 250 Cleves, Anne of, see Anne of Cleves Cleves, duchy of, strategic value of, 302, 309 Cleves,dukeof, 302, 307, 312 Clinton, Lord, 277 clocks, 182, 362 clothing:
colors and materials of, 113
elaborateness and costliness of, 113-14
Henry's opulent style in, 56, 75, 114, 232, 282, 307, 362
Itaiianate style of, 44
for masks, 112-13
of priests, 119
royal, care of, 98-99, 113
sumptuary laws on, 75, 113 Codrus, king of Athens, Henry compared to,
92 coin, shortages and debasement of, 173,
352-53 Colet, John, 100, 118-19 colors of Tudor dynasty, 71 Compton, William, 29, 59, 65, 82, 152, 161, 189
as court favorite, 105
death of, 215 conspiracies, see court, court life Constable, Robert, 162 constable of Dover, Henry's title of, 23 cordatissimus, Henry described as, 73-74 Cornish. William, 111, 112 Cornish rebellion (1497), 21-22
Costopolegrino, Bartholomew, 109 Council, royal, 104, 354
Charles Brandon condemned by, 125
hostility to 1523 campaign of, 169
mortal discord in, 319, 366-67, 368. 369, 370
opposition to Henry by, 76
power shifts in, 125
Wolsey's power in, 132 Courtenay, Edward, 29, 318 Courtenay, Henry, 29, 156, 163, 203, 286,
288, 320, 360 Courtenay, Katherine, 29, 43 Courtenay, Margaret, 26, 29 court, court life:
advantages gained by Henry's attendants in, 100, 104
banqueting in, 97-98, 106-8, 286
conspiracies in, 21-22, 24, 34, 44, 148, 150-54,288,319,366,369
courtiers' roles in, 106
decadence of, 285-86
discomforts of, 25
festivities in, 24, 25, 40-41, 94-95, %, 112-13, 179-83, 191-92,363
French fashions at, 103-4
French vs. English manners in, 188
Henry's favorites in, 103-6, 189
in Henry's later years, 267, 269, 284-87, 319,320,359,363-64
Henry's reformation of (1519), 103-4
Italian influences in, 44-45
learned elite as favorites in, 115, 118, 119
marriage irregularities in, 161-62
murderous conflict in, 319, 366-67, 368. 369
personal adornments in, 113-14
romantic concepts in, 60
royal household arrangements and, 96-102 Cox, Richard, 354
Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, 240, 271, 280, 308, 326, 363
church reform and, 258, 292, 293, 354
in Edward's regency, 371
Henry's rescue of, 366 Crecy, victory of (1346), 73 Croke, Richard, 234
Cromwell, Thomas. 237, 259, 284, 286, 287, 329, 364
arrest for heresy of, 311
character and background of, 251-52
417
church reform and, 251, 258, 293
in divorce proceedings against Anne of Cieves, 309, 310-11
as ear! of Essex, 311
execution of, 312
Henry's relations with, 252, 254, 310-11
matchmaking by, 298, 299, 303, 306, 307, 308
Norfolk as enemy of, 273, 310, 311
unpopularity of, 272, 273, 310 crusades, 38, 72, 74-75, 165-^ Culpepper, Thomas, 326-27
Dacres, Lord, 318
da I'Armi, Ludovico, 351
da Leze, Zuam, 111
da Lodi, Paolo, 90-91
dancing, Henry's ability in, 41, 91, 112
Darcy, Lady, 23
Daubeney, Captain, 21-22
de Athequa, Jorge, 227
de Augustinis, Augustin, 236
de Bomemacker, Jacotyn, 127
Defender of the Faith, Henry's title of, 166
de Foix, Fran9oise, 188
de la Baume, Etienette, 91
de la Pole, Edmund, 36, 77, 87
de la Pole, Richard, 36, 77, 87, 111, 138-39,
156, 168 de la Pole family, claim to English throne of,
77, 156 de Longueville, due, 89, 106, 128, 159 Denny, Anthony,368, 371 de Opitiis, Benedict, 111 de Pescara, Marques (Fernando Avalos),
170 de Praet, imperial ambassador, 171, 193 de Puebla, Spanish ambassador, 46, 47, 48,
50 Derby, earl of (Edward Stanley), 148 Dereham, Francis, 325, 326, 327 de Selve, Odet, 369, 370 des Pres, Josquin, 188 de Victoria, Ferdinand, 155, 195 d'Ewes, Giles, 28 dice: fortunetelling with, 110 gambling at, 109 Dick (king's fool), 24 Diego (king's jester), 24 disguisings (mummeries), 25, 40, 57, 112,
180-81
divorce of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon: Biblical citations in, 234 bigamy as alternative to, 207, 222, 223 Charles V and, 171-72, 194, 195,
199, 206,
208, 222, 224-25, 238 church establishment affected by, 250-51 "decretal conmiission" in, 222 English legatine court and, 199, 200, 209,
221-22, 226-29 Henry's canonical studies relating to, 218,
222, 233-34, 238, 250 Henry's draft bulls and, 207 Henry's motives in, 197-98, 224 invalidity of marriage declared (1533), 240 More's opposition to, 256 as nullity suit, 199 papal action on, 207, 208, 209, 210-11,
218, 220-22, 226, 233, 238 papal marital dispensation as issue in, 42,
53, 199,200,221,226 popular reaction to, 206, 222-23, 224,
241^2, 252 scholarly disputes on, 234-35 status in 1530 of, 234 succession issue and, 197, 222, 224 trade disruptions due to, 214 Wolsey and, 200-201, 205, 206-7, 211, 218,221,225-26,228 Douglas, Archibald, earl of Angus, 199 Douglas, Margaret, 319, 332 dry stamp, royal, 368 Du Bellay, French ambassador, 218, 222,
225,230,238 Dudley, Edmund, 269 Dudley, John, duke of Northumberland,
148,360,364,368,371 Duque, Heman, 44, 46
earl marshal of England, Henry's title of, 24 economy:
coin supply and, 173, 352-53
in 1520s, 173, 213
financing of campaigns and, 92, 168-69, 170, 174, 338-39, 350, 352
inflation and, 213, 353
nobles affected by, 152
wool industry and, 214, 353 Edmund, Prince, 26 Edward, earl of Warwick, 34, 36, 157 Edward III, king of England, 33, 72 Edward IV, king of England, 33, 36, 50, 77
INDEX
Edward VI. king of England (Prince Edward), son of Henry VIII, 302, 332, 363, 369 betrothed to Mary Stuart, 334 birth and christening of, 279, 28a-«l education of, 354 factions supporting, 283 frail health of, 324,331 Henry's last days and, 369, 370-71 regency planned for, 370-71 royal responsibilities undertaken by,
363-64 succession of, 369 Eleanor of Castile, 52 Elizabeth, countess of Suffolk, 36, 77 Elizabeth, Princess, 23 Elizabeth I, queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII, 259-60, 280, 332, 370 birth of, 245 legitimacy of, 261, 271 Elizabeth of York, mother of Henry VIII, 23,25,26,29,41,45,77 death of, 42^3 descriptions of, 21, 36 family life of, 36 lineage of, 36 piety of, 35, 42 popularity of, 21, 35, 36 Eltham Palace, 27, 127 engineers, in war services, 336-37, 344 England: condition of, at Henry's death, 370 in fifteenth century, 44 in 1511 Holy League, 75-93 in 1523 alliance with Charles V against
France, 167-70 in 1527 alliance with France, 191, 192,
198, 205 in 1539 campaign against France and Empire, 290-91, 294-97, 309, 334 1543 alliance with Charies V against
France, 334-52 France as traditional enemy of, 29 nobles vs. king in, 151-52 English church, see Reformation, English entertainment and games, 29, 230, 363-64
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