323, 330, 337 marshal, royal household, 102, 108 martial training, 29, 30-31, 59-60 Mary, duchess of Suffolk, sister of Henry VIII, 23, 26, 27, 112, 144,241
daughter Frances of, 162
death of, 245
Francis I and, 123, 125
galley named ioi (Virgin Mary), 108
Henry's fondness for, 150
marriage plans for, 48, 122, 123
marriage to Charles Brandon of, 123, 124-25
as queen of France, 123
son Henry bom to, 155 Mary, regent of Flanders, 338
INDEX
Mary I, queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII, 222, 280. 281, 322, 332
birth of, 155
factions in support of. 283
Henry's feelings for. 157, 184, 192, 260, 269,271-72,285
isolation of, 261-62
Katherine's pride in, 194
as 'Lady Mary. ' 261
legitimacy of. 198, 224, 272
marriage plans for. 167, 173, 191, 198,205
as pawn in divorce proceedings, 226
as "Princess of Wales, ' 163
return to court of, 329
succession of, possibilities for, 158. 160. 163, 164, 369 masks, 112-13
as mirror of court life, 113
see also disguisings Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 77, 81, 82,92
crusades and, 74, 165 May Day festivities, 94-%, 192-93 medicine. 283, 361-62
Henrys preparations of, 361-62, 363 medieval institutions, 152, 250 medieval scholasticism, 116, 233, 234 Melanchthon, 320 Memo, Dionysius, 103, 111, 150 Menaechmi (Plautus), 182 Mendoza, imperial ambassador, 193-94,
195,221,223.224 mercenaries. 80, 111, 169, 302, 345, 351 Merlin legends, 265 Milan, city of, 289. 291 Mirror of Naples diamond, 123, 125 Misselden, John and Robert, 352 monasteries (religious houses), 292
corruption in, 273-75
dissolution of, 275-76
see also clergy Mont. Christopher, 302 Montreuil, English siege of, 342, 344, 345,
347^*8 More. Blind, 111
More, Thomas. 27, 40, 83, 115, 117, 118, 139. 161, 163,267,274
as chancellor, 235
execution of, 256-57
Henry's reliance on, 120, 269 Mortimer, Margaret, 121, 162 Most Christian King, Henry's title of, 75 Mouldwarp (Mole), Henry as, 265, 267
Mountjoy, Lord (WiUiam Blount), 27, 61,
62, 118, 155 Mouton, Claude, 188 mummeries, ^ff disguisings music, musicians:
at court, changes in, 235
foreign, at court. 111, 235
Henry's interest and ability in, 24, 57, 106, 110,235
in royal household. 110-12, 235
Nagel, Hans, 111-12 navy, English, 141
artillery in, 108
enlargement of, after 1513, 132
in 1513 campaign, 71, 76, 77-78
in 1523 campaign, 167
in 1543 campaign, 350-51 Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any
Christian Man, A, 353-54 Netherlands, 268, 290
see also Margaret of Savoy NeviUe, Edward, 55, 59, 103, 104-5, 112,
181,320,360 Neville, John (executed 1541). 318 Neville, John (husband of Catherine Parr),
332 NeviUe, William, 266 New Learning, see humanism New Testament, translations of, 117, 251,
354, 358 New World, interest in, 194, 285 New Years Boy, 66-67, 155 nobles:
conspiracies and. 21-22. 24, 34, 44, 148. 150-54,288,319,366,369
Henry vs., 150, 151-52
housing conditions of, 25
mortal conflicts among. 319, 366-67, 368, 369
see also court, court life Nonsuch Palace. 287 Norfolk, dukes of, see Howard Normandy, English claims to, 72 Norris, Henry, 105, 112, 263, 271 Nowell (royal minstrel), 235
"Old Copper-Nose" (Henrys nickname),
353 "On Preserving Marriage" (De servanda
conjugio). 162-63 Order of the Garter, see Knights of the
Garter
425
Order of the Golden Reece, 47
Orio, Venetian ambassador, 163, 164
Ottoman Turks, 165, 290
Our Lady of Friendship (proposed church),
145, 146 Oursian, Nicolas, 182 Overstein, earl of, 308 Oxford, earl of, 295
Pace, Richard, 116, 117, 118, 134, 156, 207-8
pages, royal, 99
Paget, WiUiam, 365, 368, 370, 371
Pallet, Edward, 29
papacy:
authority question of, 354
corruption of, 207-8
dispensations in marriage arrangements by, 42, 53, 199,200,221,226
Henry's break with, 250-51, 252
Henry's commitment to, 75, 165-66
Wolsey's ambitions and, 132, 173, 205
see also divorc'e of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon; and individual popes Parliament:
dissolution of monastic houses by, 275-76
1523 campaign and, 169, 170
Henry's 1545 speech in, 357-58
law on queen's behavior of, 330-31
Reformation, 250, 258, 354 Parr, Catherine, 369, 370, 371
background of, 333
character of, 332, 333
in orthodoxy question, 364-66
piety of, 333-34
as regent, in 1543 campaign, 345, 346
wedding of, 332-33 Parr, Thomas, 105 Parr, William, 105, 333 Pasqualigo, Venetian envoy, 94, 95-96 "Pastime with Good Company" (song by
Henry VIII), 110 Patch (king's fool), 24 Paul III, Pope, 295, 354
Henry excommunicated by, 290 Pavia, victory at (1525), 170, 290 peasants' revolts:
in England, 173-74, 175, 276-77
in imperial territories, 172, 174-75 Pechy, John, 55, 58, 103, 104, 139 Penys, Lord, 77 Percy, Henry, 189-90, 236 Perez de Almazan, Miguel, 52
Pero (royal minstrel), 235
Perpoynte, William, 112
Philip I, king of Castile, 47
Philip of Hess«, 302
physicians, 261, 262, 283
Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion (1536), 276-79,
317 basis of, 272-73, 276 Plantagenet dynasty, 29, 47, 317-18 Plautus, 182
plays and pageants, 182-83, 192 poetry and song, Henry's creations in, 57,
58-59, 110,235,238 Pole, Geoffrey, 77, 288 Pole, Henry, Lord Montague, 77, 105, 288,
318,320,360 Pole, Margaret, countess of Salisbury, 36,
105, 157, 288, 318 Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 51, 77, 151, 198,
254,288,295,310,318 Poor Knights, 371 "Pope July" game, 230 Popenruyter, Hans, 75 Popyncort, Jane, 159 posset, described, 108 PoweU, Edward, 313 Poynings, Lord, 360 Poyntes, Elizabeth, 67 Poyntz, Edward, 103, 104, 112 Praise of Folly, The (Erasmus), 117 Prayers or Meditations (Parr), 333 precious metals, search for, 352 pretenders to throne, 22, 24, 34, 36, 44, 77,
111 privy chamber, royal, 99 progresses, royal (traveling court), 22, 317,
322-23 prophecies: concerning Henry and Anne, 242, 265 of Mould warp, 265 Prosopopoeia Britanniae (Erasmus), 27-28 Protestants, strains among sects of, 293
Radclyf, Roger, 58 Rainsford, Humphrey, 203 Ratto, Giovanni, 127-28 rebellions, 21-22, 34, 44, 148-49
against Amicable Grant, 173-74, 175
peasants', 172, 173-75, 276-77
as Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), 272-73, 276-79, 317
trade disruptions as cause of, 214
INDEX
Reformation, English: Catholic orthodoxy and, 291, 293, 354 church reorganization and, 250-51, 252,
253-54 clergy and, 250-52, 254, 258, 273-75, 355,
357-58 doctrinal changes and, 291, 293-94,
354-56 general theory of sovereignty and, 252 Henry's doctrinal knowledge and, 291-92,
293-94, 354 Henry's excommunication and, 243, 290 Henry's supremacy of English church
and, 250-54, 259 persecutions resulting from, 255-59, 267,
268, 293, 294, 313, 318-19, 364-66 popular reactions to, 258-59, 268, 272,
273, 276, 354-56 religious houses destroyed in, 273-75, 292 roots of, 258 relics, 34, 75, 145 religious d
octrine: on baptism, 293 Holy League and, 119 learned disputations on, 116 popular practices vs., 355-56 on transubstantiation, 293-94 see also Bible; clergy; Henry VIII; heresy; heretics; humanism; Luther, Martin; Lutherans; papacy; Protestants; Reformation, English Renaissance, influence in England of, 56, 73 Renee, daughter of Louis XII, 206 residences: of king, see specific palaces of nobility, 25 Richard, duke of York, 22 Richard III, king of England, 30, 33, 36, 237 Richards, Gryffyn, 58 Richmond Palace, 36 Robin Hood legend, 94-95 Robyns, John,267
Rochford, Lady, 260, 322, 326, 327-28 "Rockers, " 23 Rogers, John, 337 Rome, fall to Charles V of, 200-201 Round Table, romantic ideal of, 60 Rovezzano, Benedetto da, 201 Roy, Peter, 109 Russell, John, 243, 306, 344 Ruthal, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 58, 76, 82, 108 Council position of, 125, 132
as lord privy seal, 132 Rutter, John, 132
sacramentaries, 293, 311, 313
Sadler, English envoy, 334
Sagudino, Niccolo, 94, 138
St. James's Palace, 286
St. John, John, 29
"Saint Trinian's Fast," 266
Sandys, William, 180-81
Saxony, elector of, 302
Scarpinello, Milanese ambassador, 185
Scaticia, Giovanni, 127
Schmalkaldic League, 291, 302, 309
Scot (king's fool), 24
Scotland, 295, 323
cost of 1540s wars with, 352
in 1542 peace treaty, 334
rebellions in, 92, 93, 265
renewal of hostilities in 1543 of, 334-35
ties with France of, 87, 295, 301, 318, 334, 344,346
see also James IV; James V Scotus, John Duns, 116 Selim I the Grim, 165 semi-Pelagianism, 292 "Seven Sisters" (guns), 93 sewers, royal, 97, 105, 107 Sexton (Henry's jester), 362 Seymour, Edward, earl of Hertford, 287, 332,335,344,360,363,364
Edward's regency and, 370-71
Howard trial and, 366-67
power and wealth of, 368, 369 Seymour, Jane, 260, 299, 371
death of, 281-82
family background of, 271
marriage of, 271
son Edward bom to, 279 Seymour, Thomas, 333 Sforza, Francesco, 299 Sheen, palace of, 21,22-23 Shelton, Margaret, 260, 298 Simnel, Lambert, 36 Six Articles (1539), 293,354 Skelton, John, 28, 73, 112, 153 Skipwith, Mary, 298 Smeaton, Mark, 235, 263 Smith, Richard, 361 social order:
from medieval to humanist view of, 73
peasants' revolt and, 174-75
waning of feudal powers and, 152
427
Somers, WiU, 362-63
Song of the Lady Bessy, The, 36
Spain, see Ferdinand, king of Spain
spies, spying, 76, 111-12, 139, 296, 338
sports, see specific sports
Stafford, Anne, Lady Hastings, 65, 158
Stafford, Edward, see Buckingham, duke of
Stafford, Elizabeth (Buckingham's sister),
65 Stafford, Elizabeth, see Howard, Elizabeth
Stafford, duchess of Norfolk Stanley, Lx)rd Thomas, 33 Stanley, Sir William, 22 Star Chamber, 154 Stewart, Henry, 199 Stokesley, John, 118 Stuart, Mary, 334 succession, problem of, 154, 155-64, 183
Anne Boleyn and, 191, 260, 261, 263
candidates in, 156, 158, 163-64, 194, 271-72
diplomacy and, 158
English law on, 158, 250
Henry's aging and, 260, 261
Henry's divorce from Katherine and, 197, 222, 224
Prince Edward and, 281, 302
solution of, upon Henry's death, 370-72
Succession Act and, 250 Suffolk, duke of, see Brandon, Charles Suleiman, Sultan, 290 sumptuary laws, 75, 106, 153 surgeons, 283, 342
sweating sickness, 51-52, 83, 149-50, 212-18, 243
as God's punishment, 51, 212
preventives and cures claimed for, 149, 212,213,216 syphilis, 362
Taberet, Peter, 235
Talbot, captain of Calais, 86
Talbot, Mary, 190
Talboys, Gilbert, 159
Ten Articles (1536), 291,293
tennis, 109, 182,232
Therouanne, siege of, 86-88, 89, 92
Third Order of Saint Francis, 194
time, variations in reckoning of, 182
Torrigiano (sculptor), 44, 185
Tour d'Ordre ("Old Man"), 343
Toumai:
English sale to French of, 137
sieges of, 73, 88, 89, 92 Tower of London, 21, 42, 319 transubstantiation doctrine, 293-94 treason laws, English Reformation and,
258-59, 293,310 Treviso, Girolamo da, 344, 347 Tudor-Lancaster relationship, 23, 36, 77^,
317-18 Tuerdus, Baltasar, 134 Tuke, Brian, 212, 216, 217, 287 Tunstall, Cuthbert, bishop of Durham, 158,
193,225,292,371 Turenne, comte de, 191 Twelfth Night festivities, 25 "Twelve Apostles" (guns), 71
ushers, gentlemen, 97
Val Dore, 1520 tournament at, 131
Valois dynasty, 290
Van Arcle, Gerrard, 98
Van der Delft, imperial ambassador, 365,
368, 369 Vannes, Peter, 44, 118 Venice, 166, 167 Vergil, Polydore, 44 Vicary, Thomas, 283, 329 Vives, Juan Luis, 163, 224, 227, 234
Walsingham shrine, 67 war: arms and equipment for, 71, 75-76, 80-81,
335-37, 344 changing role of nobles in, 152 costs of, 92, 168-69, 170, 174, 338-39, 350,
352 as diplomatic alternative, 82 execution of deserters in, 342 humanists' attitude toward, 73, 119 as knightly ideal, 72-73 lack of standing armies and, 152 mercenaries in, 80, 111, 169, 302, 345, 351 religious doctrine and, 119 see also specific campaigns Warbeck, Perkin, 22 warden of the Cinque Ports, Henry's title of,
23-24 warden of the Scottish Marches, Henry's
title of, 24 wardrobe servants, royal, 98-99 Warham, William, archbishop of Canterbury, 53, 76, 118, 132, 174, 202, 224, 225
INDEX
Warwick, earl of (false), 34 Webbe, William. 253 Weston. Francis, 235, 263 Whitehall Palace, 286
as chief royal residence, 359-60 William (queen's fool), 36 Willoughby, Catherine, see Brandon,
Catherine wines, 107-8
Wingfield, Richard, 123, 136. 138 Wodehouse. Hugh. 235 Wolsey, Gardiner, 236 Wolsey. Thomas, Cardinal, 41, 80, 82, 104, 105, 118, 150, 156, 216, 244, 329, 352, 360 Amicable Grant and, 170, 175 Anne Boleyn and, 189, 190, 201, 210, 220,
236 as chancellor, 132 Charles V and, 171-73 conspiracies and, 148, 149, 150, 141 Council position of, 125, 132 crusades and, 165 death of, 237 in diplomatic negotiations, 166, 167, 193,
205-7 in divorce proceedings, 200-201, 205,
206-7, 211, 218, 221, 225-26, 228 Field of Cloth of Gold and, 135, 142, 143,
145 in 1523 campaign, 167-70 French negotiations of, 171, 172, 205-7 indictment and exile of, 235-36 influence on Henry of, 92, 103, 132, 133,
207,251 Mary Tudor and, 123, 124, 125 on mission to free Clement VII, 201-2, 205-6
nobles' enmity and, 152-53, 237
occult powers attributed to, 154, 266
as opponent of Katherine of Aragon, 171, 194, 195, 1%
papal ambitions of, 132, 172, 205
as papal legate, 1%, 199
personality of, 132-34
populace's hatred of, 154, 175, 192, 193, 201,206,214,237
power of, 132-33, 135, 153, 180, 201
tomb of, 201,371
treaty of universEil peace sought by, 137, 205-6
wealth and display of, 133, 142, 153, 179-80, 181, 191 women:
court life of, 29, 179, 188
doctrinal issues and, 365
Henry's attitude toward, 38, 252-53
treatment in war of, 90 Woodville, Elizabeth, 36 wool industry, 214, 353 Worcester, bishop of, 138 Wriothesley, Thomas, 304, 332, 353, 364,
365-66, 368 Wyatt, Thomas, 189, 190
Yardeley, John, 203
York, duke of, Henry's title of, 24
York, duke of (false), 22, 24
York dynasty, 23, 33, 36, 288, 317-18
York Place (Wolsey's palace), 153, 286
&nb
sp; Yorkshire, Henry's progress to, 317, 322-23
Zinzano, Hannibal, 232 Zwingli, Ulrich, 200, 293
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