Delphi Complete Works of Demosthenes

by Demosthenes

  [16] ὀλίγου δὲ δέω λέγειν, ἐὰν αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς ἐθελήσητε βοηθῆσαι, ὡς καὶ συνενήνοχε ταῦτ᾽ αὐτοῖς: εὖ μὲν γὰρ πράττοντες οὐκ οἶδ᾽ εἴ ποτ᾽ ἂν εὖ φρονῆσαι ἠθέλησαν, ὄντες Ῥόδιοι, ἔργῳ δὲ πειραθέντες καὶ διδαχθέντες ὅτι πολλῶν κακῶν ἡ ἄνοι᾽ αἰτία τοῖς πολλοῖς γίγνεται, τάχ᾽ ἄν, εἰ τύχοιεν, σωφρονέστεροι πρὸς τὸν λοιπὸν τοῦ χρόνου γένοιντο. τοῦτο δ᾽ οὐ μικρὰν ὠφέλειαν αὐτοῖς ἡγοῦμαι. φημὶ δὴ χρῆναι πειρᾶσθαι σῴζειν τοὺς ἄνδρας καὶ μὴ μνησικακεῖν, ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ ὑμεῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιβουλευσάντων ἐξηπάτησθε, ὧν οὐδενὸς αὐτοὶ δοῦναι δίκην δίκαιον ἂν εἶναι φήσαιτε.

  [16] I am almost inclined to say, if you choose to help them, that this has been a salutary lesson for them; for in prosperity I doubt whether they would ever have chosen to show their good sense, being Rhodians, but when tested by experience and taught that folly is in most cases a fruitful source of evil, they may perhaps with luck grow more sensible for the future; and that I regard as no small advantage for them. Accordingly, I say that it is your duty to try to save them and to let bygones be bygones, remembering that you too have in many cases been led by schemers into errors, for none of which you would yourselves admit that you ought to pay the penalty.

  [17] ὁρᾶτε δὲ κἀκεῖν᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὅτι πολλοὺς ὑμεῖς πολέμους πεπολεμήκατε καὶ πρὸς δημοκρατίας καὶ πρὸς ὀλιγαρχίας. καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἴστε καὶ αὐτοί: ἀλλ᾽ ὑπὲρ ὧν πρὸς ἑκατέρους ἔσθ᾽ ὑμῖν ὁ πόλεμος, τοῦτ᾽ ἴσως ὑμῶν οὐδεὶς λογίζεται. ὑπὲρ τίνων οὖν ἐστίν; πρὸς μὲν τοὺς δήμους ἢ περὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἐγκλημάτων, οὐ δυνηθέντων δημοσίᾳ διαλύσασθαι ταῦτα, ἢ περὶ γῆς μέρους ἢ ὅρων ἢ φιλονικίας ἢ τῆς ἡγεμονίας: πρὸς δὲ τὰς ὀλιγαρχίας ὑπὲρ μὲν τούτων οὐδενός, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς πολιτείας καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας:

  [17] You may also observe, Athenians, that you have been engaged in many wars both with democracies and with oligarchies. You do not need to be told that; but perhaps none of you considers what are your motives for war with either. What, then, are those motives? With democracies, either private quarrels, when they could not be adjusted by the State, or a question of territory or boundaries, or else rivalry or the claim to leadership; with oligarchies you fight for none of these things, but for your constitution and your liberty.

  [18] ὥστ᾽ ἔγωγ᾽ οὐκ ἂν ὀκνήσαιμ᾽ εἰπεῖν μᾶλλον ἡγεῖσθαι συμφέρειν δημοκρατουμένους τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἅπαντας πολεμεῖν ὑμῖν ἢ ὀλιγαρχουμένους φίλους εἶναι. πρὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐλευθέρους ὄντας οὐ χαλεπῶς ἂν εἰρήνην ὑμᾶς ποιήσασθαι νομίζω, ὁπότε βουληθείητε, πρὸς δ᾽ ὀλιγαρχουμένους οὐδὲ τὴν φιλίαν ἀσφαλῆ νομίζω: οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως ὀλίγοι πολλοῖς καὶ ζητοῦντες ἄρχειν τοῖς μετ᾽ ἰσηγορίας ζῆν ᾑρημένοις εὖνοι γένοιντ᾽ ἄν.

  [18] Therefore I should not hesitate to say that I think it a greater advantage that all the Greeks should be your enemies under democracy than your friends under oligarchy. For with free men I do not think that you would have any difficulty in making peace whenever you wished, but with an oligarchical state I do not believe that even friendly relations could be permanent, for the few can never be well disposed to the many, nor those who covet power to those who have chosen a life of equal privileges.

  [19] θαυμάζω δ᾽ εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν ἡγεῖται Χίων ὀλιγαρχουμένων καὶ Μυτιληναίων, καὶ νυνὶ Ῥοδίων καὶ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ὀλίγου δέω λέγειν εἰς ταύτην τὴν δουλείαν ὑπαγομένων, συγκινδυνεύειν τι τὴν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτείαν, μηδὲ λογίζεται τοῦθ᾽ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως, εἰ δι᾽ ὀλιγαρχίας ἅπαντα συστήσεται, τὸν παρ᾽ ὑμῖν δῆμον ἐάσουσιν. ἴσασι γὰρ οὐδένας ἄλλους πάλιν εἰς ἐλευθερίαν ἂν τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἐξάγοντας: ὅθεν δὴ κακὸν αὑτοῖς ἄν τι γενέσθαι προσδοκῶσι, τοῦτ᾽ ἀνελεῖν βουλήσονται.

  [19] Seeing that Chios and Mytilene are ruled by oligarchs, and that Rhodes and, I might almost say, all the world are now being seduced into this form of slavery, I am surprised that none of you conceives that our constitution too is in danger, nor draws the conclusion that if all other states are organized on oligarchical principles, it is impossible that they should leave your democracy alone. For they know that none but you will bring freedom back again, and of course they want to destroy the source from which they are expecting ruin to themselves.

  [20] τοὺς μὲν οὖν ἄλλους τοὺς ἀδικοῦντάς τινας αὐτῶν τῶν κακῶς πεπονθότων ἐχθροὺς ἡγεῖσθαι χρή: τοὺς δὲ τὰς πολιτείας καταλύοντας καὶ μεθιστάντας εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν κοινοὺς ἐχθροὺς παραινῶ νομίζειν ἁπάντων τῶν ἐλευθερίας ἐπιθυμούντων.

  [20] Now, all other wrongdoers must be considered the enemies of those only whom they have wronged, but when men overthrow free constitutions and change them to oligarchies, I urge you to regard them as the common enemies of all who love freedom.

  [21] ἔπειτα καὶ δίκαιον, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, δημοκρατουμένους αὐτοὺς τοιαῦτα φρονοῦντας φαίνεσθαι περὶ τῶν ἀτυχούντων δήμων, οἷάπερ ἂν τοὺς ἄλλους ἀξιώσαιτε φρονεῖν περὶ ὑμῶν, εἴ ποθ᾽, ὃ μὴ γένοιτο, τοιοῦτό τι συμβαίη. καὶ γὰρ εἰ δίκαιά τις φήσει Ῥοδίους πεπονθέναι, οὐκ ἐπιτήδειος ὁ καιρὸς ἐφησθῆναι: δεῖ γὰρ τοὺς εὐτυχοῦντας περὶ τῶν ἀτυχούντων ἀεὶ φαίνεσθαι τὰ βέλτιστα βουλευομένους, ἐπειδήπερ ἄδηλον τὸ μέλλον ἅπασιν ἀνθρώποις.

  [21] Then again, Athenians, it is right that you, living under a democracy, should show the same sympathy for democracies in distress as you would expect others to show for you, if ever — which God forbid!-you were in the same plight. Even if anyone is prepared to say that the Rhodians are served right, this is not the time to exult over them, for prosperous communities ought always to show themselves ready to consult the best interests of the unfortunate, remembering that the future is hidden from all men’s eyes.

  [22] ἀκούω δ᾽ ἐγὼ πολλάκις ἐνταυθὶ παρ᾽ ὑμῖν τινῶν λεγόντων ὡς, ὅτ᾽ ἠτύχησεν ὁ δῆμος ἡμῶν, συνεβουλήθησάν τινες αὐτὸν σωθῆναι: ὧν ἐγὼ μόνων Ἀργείων ἐν τῷ παρόντι μνησθήσομαι βραχύ τι. οὐ γὰρ ἂν ὑμᾶς βουλοίμην, δόξαν ἔχοντας τοῦ σῴζειν τοὺς ἀτυχοῦντας ἀεί, χείρους Ἀργείων ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πράξει φανῆναι, οἳ χώραν ὅμορο
ν τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων οἰκοῦντες, ὁρῶντες ἐκείνους γῆς καὶ θαλάττης ἄρχοντας, οὐκ ἀπώκνησαν οὐδ᾽ ἐφοβήθησαν εὐνοϊκῶς ὑμῖν ἔχοντες φανῆναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρέσβεις ἐλθόντας ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, ὥς φασιν, ἐξαιτήσοντάς τινας τῶν φυγάδων τῶν ὑμετέρων ἐψηφίσαντο, ἐὰν μὴ πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος ἀπαλλάττωνται, πολεμίους κρίνειν.

  [22] I have repeatedly heard it said in this Assembly that when misfortune befell our democracy, there were some people who urged that it should be restored, and of them I will here mention the Argives only, and that briefly. For I should be sorry if you, who are renowned for rescuing the unfortunate, should prove yourselves in this instance worse men than the Argives. They, being the immediate neighbors of the Lacedaemonians and seeing them masters of land and sea, did not hesitate or fear to show their goodwill to you, but actually carried a decree that the envoys, who, we are told, had come from Sparta to claim the persons of some of your refugees, should be denounced as enemies unless they took their departure before the setting of the sun.

  [23] εἶτ᾽ οὐκ αἰσχρόν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ τὸ μὲν Ἀργείων πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχὴν ἐν ἐκείνοις τοῖς καιροῖς οὐδὲ τὴν ῥώμην, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι βάρβαρον ἄνθρωπον, καὶ ταῦτα γυναῖκα, φοβήσεσθε; καὶ μὴν οἱ μὲν ἔχοιεν ἂν εἰπεῖν ὅτι πολλάκις ἥττηνται ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων, ὑμεῖς δὲ νενικήκατε μὲν πολλάκις βασιλέα, ἥττησθε δ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἅπαξ οὔτε τῶν δούλων τῶν βασιλέως οὔτ᾽ αὐτοῦ ‘κείνου: εἰ γάρ τί που κεκράτηκε τῆς πόλεως βασιλεύς, ἢ τοὺς πονηροτάτους τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ προδότας αὐτῶν χρήμασι πείσας ἢ οὐδαμῶς ἄλλως κεκράτηκεν.

  [23] Then would it not be discreditable, men of Athens, if when the commons of Argos feared not the authority of the Lacedaemonians in the day of their might, you, who are Athenians, should fear one who is at once a barbarian and a woman? Indeed, the Argives might have pleaded that they had often been defeated by the Lacedaemonians, but you have beaten the King again and again, and have never been beaten either by his slaves or by their master himself; for if ever the King has gained some slight advantage over our city, he has done it by bribing the most worthless of the Greeks, the traitors to their cause, and never in any other way.

  [24] καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτ᾽ αὐτῷ συνενήνοχεν, ἀλλ᾽ ἅμ᾽ εὑρήσετ᾽ αὐτὸν τήν τε πόλιν διὰ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀσθενῆ ποιήσαντα καὶ περὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ βασιλείας κινδυνεύσαντα πρὸς Κλέαρχον καὶ Κῦρον. οὔτ᾽ οὖν ἐκ φανεροῦ κεκράτηκεν οὔτ᾽ ἐπιβουλεῦσαι συνενήνοχεν αὐτῷ. ὁρῶ δ᾽ ὑμῶν ἐνίους Φιλίππου μὲν ὡς ἄρ᾽ οὐδενὸς ἀξίου πολλάκις ὀλιγωροῦντας, βασιλέα δ᾽ ὡς ἰσχυρὸν ἐχθρὸν οἷς ἂν προέληται φοβουμένους. εἰ δὲ τὸν μὲν ὡς φαῦλον οὐκ ἀμυνούμεθα, τῷ δ᾽ ὡς φοβερῷ πάνθ᾽ ὑπείξομεν, πρὸς τίνας, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, παραταξόμεθα;

  [24] And even that success has not benefited him, but you will find him at one and the same time using the Lacedaemonians to cripple our city, and struggling for his own crown against Clearchus and Cyrus. So he has never beaten us in the field, nor have his intrigues gained him any advantage. I observe that some of you are wont to dismiss Philip as a person of no account, but to speak with awe of the King as formidable to those whom he marks as his enemies. If we are not to stand up to the one because he is contemptible, and if we yield to the other because he is formidable, against whom, Athenians, shall we ever marshal our forces?

  [25] εἰσὶ δέ τινες, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, παρ᾽ ὑμῖν δεινότατοι τὰ δίκαια λέγειν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἄλλων πρὸς ὑμᾶς, οἷς παραινέσαιμ᾽ ἂν ἔγωγε τοσοῦτον μόνον, ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ζητεῖν τὰ δίκαια λέγειν, ἵν᾽ αὐτοὶ τὰ προσήκοντα πρῶτοι φαίνωνται ποιοῦντες: ὡς ἔστ᾽ ἄτοπον περὶ τῶν δικαίων ὑμᾶς διδάσκειν αὐτὸν οὐ δίκαια ποιοῦντα: οὐ γάρ ἐστι δίκαιον ὄντα πολίτην τοὺς καθ᾽ ὑμῶν λόγους, ἀλλὰ μὴ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐσκέφθαι.

  [25] There are some among you, Athenians, who are very clever at pleading the rights of others against you, and I would just give them this piece of advice — to find something to say for your rights against others, so that they themselves may set the example of doing what is proper; since it is absurd for a man to lecture you about rights when he is not doing what is right himself, and it is not right that a citizen should have given his attention to all the arguments against you and to none in your favour.

  [26] φέρε γὰρ πρὸς θεῶν σκοπεῖτε, τί δήποτ᾽ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ οὐδείς ἐσθ᾽ ὁ διδάξων ἐκείνους μὴ καταλαμβάνειν Χαλκηδόνα, ἣ βασιλέως μέν ἐστιν, εἴχετε δ᾽ αὐτὴν ὑμεῖς, ἐκείνοις δ᾽ οὐδαμόθεν προσῆκεν: μηδὲ Σηλυμβρίαν, πόλιν ὑμετέραν ποτὲ σύμμαχον οὖσαν, ὡς αὑτοὺς συντελῆ ποιεῖν καὶ Βυζαντίων ὁρίζειν τὴν τούτων χώραν παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τὰς συνθήκας, ἐν αἷς αὐτονόμους τὰς πόλεις εἶναι γέγραπται;

  [26] I beg you, in Heaven’s name, to consider this point: why is there no man in Byzantium to dissuade his country-men from seizing Chalcedon, which belongs to the King and was once held by you, while the Byzantines have no shadow of a claim to it? Or from taking Selymbria, once an ally of yours, and making it tributary to themselves, and including it in the territory of Byzantium, contrary to all oaths and agreements which guarantee the autonomy of those cities?

  [27] οὐδὲ Μαύσωλον ζῶντα, οὐδὲ τελευτήσαντος ἐκείνου τὴν Ἀρτεμισίαν οὐδείς ἐσθ᾽ ὁ διδάξων μὴ καταλαμβάνειν Κῶν καὶ Ῥόδον καὶ ἄλλας ἑτέρας πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας, ὧν βασιλεὺς ὁ ‘κείνων δεσπότης ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις ἀπέστη τοῖς Ἕλλησι, καὶ περὶ ὧν πολλοὺς κινδύνους καὶ καλοὺς ἀγῶνας οἱ κατ᾽ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους Ἕλληνες ἐποιήσαντο. εἰ δ᾽ ἄρα καὶ λέγει τις ἀμφοτέροις αὐτοῖς, ἀλλ᾽ οἵ γε πεισόμενοι τούτοις, ὡς ἔοικεν, οὐκ εἰσίν.

  [27] No one has come forward to dissuade Mausolus when he was alive, or Artemisia since his death, from seizing Cos and Rhodes and various other Greek states, which the King, their overlord, ceded by treaty to the Greeks, and for which the Greeks of those days faced many dangers and won much honor in the field. At any rate, if there is anyone to give advice to either of these powers, there are none, it seems, to profit by his advice.

  [28] ἐγὼ δὲ δίκαιον μὲν εἶναι νομίζω κατάγειν τὸν Ῥοδίων δῆμον: οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰ μὴ δίκαιον ἦν, ὅταν εἰς ἃ ποιοῦσιν οὗτοι βλέψω, προσήκειν οἶμαι παραιν�
�ῖν κατάγειν. διὰ τί; ὅτι πάντων μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ὡρμηκότων, αἰσχρὸν ἡμᾶς μόνους μὴ ‘θέλειν, ἁπάντων δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ὅπως ἀδικεῖν δυνήσονται παρασκευαζομένων μόνους ἡμᾶς τὰ δίκαια προτείνεσθαι, μηδενὸς ἀντιλαμβανομένους, οὐ δικαιοσύνην ἀλλ᾽ ἀνανδρίαν ἡγοῦμαι: ὁρῶ γὰρ ἅπαντας πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους.

  [28] In my opinion it is right to restore the Rhodian democracy; yet even if it were not right, I should feel justified in urging you to restore it, when I observe what these people are doing. Why so? Because, men of Athens, if every state were bent on doing right, it would be disgraceful if we alone refused; but when the others, without exception, are preparing the means to do wrong, for us alone to make profession of right, without engaging in any enterprise, seems to me not love of right but want of courage. For I notice that all men have their rights conceded to them in proportion to the power at their disposal.